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Over the past two decades antibiotic-impregnated hip spacers have become a popular procedure in the treatment of hip joint infections. Besides infection persistence and/or reinfection, major complications after hip spacer implantation include spacer fracture, -dislocation, and bone fracture. Moreover, in cases with extensive loss of femoral and/or acetabular bone alternative reconstructive techniques should be used for a stable spacer fixation and prevention of fractures or dislocations. The present article reviews the different types of spacer fractures and dislocations and offers some suggestions about reconstructive techniques for management of extensive loss of femoral and/or acetabular bone at the site of hip spacer implantation.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate whether trabeculectomy (TRAB) and XEN® Gel Stent implantation (XEN) – both filtrating surgery techniques – can slow down the deterioration of visual field (VF) parameters considering the floor effect, which could lead to a misestimation of pre‐ and postoperative VF rate of progression (ROP). Methods: Included in this study were patients with open‐angle glaucoma, who underwent either TRAB or XEN® gel stent implantation and who had at least three VF tests before and after surgery, over an observation period of 13 years. The annual ROP of the mean defect (MD) and the square root of loss variance (sLV) were calculated with two different censoring thresholds: by censored regression and by ordinary least squares regression (OLSR). In addition, the diagnostic range of sLV was calculated. Results: 48 eyes of 39 glaucoma patients were included in the study. The annual rate of MD progression was significantly reduced by filtering surgery when calculating the yearly ROP using OLSR (p = 0.006) and by censoring values exceeding a precalculated cut‐off of 14.20 dB (p = 0.041) and a cut‐off from the literature of 15.00 dB (p = 0.028). On average, the MD was impacted by a significant floor effect of 14.20 dB (95% CI: 12.83‐15.56), corresponding to 17.7/59 absolute defects or 29.9% of the whole VF. When applying both OLSR and censored regression, the annual rate of sLV progression did not show a significant difference. The sLV showed a diagnostic boundary at a MD of 15.78 dB. Conclusion: This study shows that filtering surgery can reduce the progression of VF in patients with open‐angle glaucoma, especially those whose disease develops aggressively. This is valid even if the floor effect in advanced cases is compensated by censored regression. On average, the ROP of MD is affected by a significant floor effect at about 29.9% absolute loss of the whole VF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of XEN® Gel Stent implantation in the treatment of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) regarding the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of IOP‐lowering medications over 2 years. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, single‐centre study, patients with POAG or XFG underwent implantation of the XEN® Gel Stent with or without combined phacoemulsification. Changes in mean IOP, mean number of IOP‐lowering medications, number of postoperative interventions, complete or qualified surgical success rate (defined as IOP < 18 mmHg without or with IOP‐lowering medication, respectively) and complete surgical failure rate (defined as the necessity of a glaucoma‐related secondary surgical intervention or loss of light perception) were assessed 12 months (12M) and 24 months (24M) postoperatively. Results: Seventy‐nine eyes of 63 patients with open‐angle glaucoma were included in the study (71% POAG, 29% XFG). Before surgery, mean IOP was 23.4 ± 7.9 mmHg. IOP was 14.6 ± 3.6 mmHg 12 months postoperatively (−31% from baseline, 95% CI −42% to −20%, n = 30, p < 0.001) and 14.8 ± 4.4 mmHg 24 months postoperatively (−29% from baseline, 95% CI −30% to −41%, n = 28, p < 0.001). Mean number of IOP‐lowering medications was significantly reduced from 2.7 ± 1.1 before surgery to 1.0 ± 1.2 (−69%, 95% CI −89% to 46%, p < 0.001) 12 months after surgery and 1.0 ± 1.2 (−64%, 95% CI −91% to −36%, p < 0.001) at 24 months after surgery. Complete surgical success was achieved in 39% (12M) and 34% (24M) of patients and qualified success in 29% (12M) and 27% (24M). 13 (16%) eyes were classified as complete surgical failure. In 62% of the patients needling procedures had to be performed. Conclusion: The XEN® Gel Stent is an efficacious minimal invasive glaucoma surgery for primary open‐angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, resulting in significant reduction of IOP and a reduction in glaucoma medications from baseline in two‐third of treated patients with 2‐year follow‐up. Frequent follow‐up examinations were mandatory to identify early and late bleb failure and additional needling procedures were necessary to reestablish aqueous flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mounting evidence suggests that voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels can modulate affective behaviour. We therefore explored the role of CaV1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels in depression- and anxiety-like behaviours using CaV1.3-deficient mice (CaV1.3-/-). We showed that CaV1.3-/- mice displayed less immobility in the forced swim test as well as in the tail suspension test, indicating an antidepressant-like phenotype. Locomotor activity in the home cage or a novel open-field test was not influenced. In the elevated plus maze (EPM), CaV1.3-/- mice entered the open arms more frequently and spent more time there indicating an anxiolytic-like phenotype which was, however, not supported in the stress-induced hyperthermia test. By performing parallel experiments in Claudin 14 knockout mice (Cldn14-/-), which like CaV1.3-/- mice are congenitally deaf, an influence of deafness on the antidepressant-like phenotype could be ruled out. On the other hand, a similar EPM behaviour indicative of an anxiolytic phenotype was also found in the Cldn14-/- animals. Using electroretinography and visual behavioural tasks we demonstrated that at least in mice, CaV1.3 channels do not significantly contribute to visual function. However, marked morphological changes were revealed in synaptic ribbons in the outer plexiform layer of CaV1.3-/- retinas by immunohistochemistry suggesting a possible role of this channel type in structural plasticity at the ribbon synapse. Taken together, our findings indicate that CaV1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels modulate depressionlike behaviour but are not essential for visual function. The findings raise the possibility that selective modulation of CaV1.3 channels could be a promising new therapeutic concept for the treatment of mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]