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Using Bailey's very-well-poised $_6\psi_6$ summation, we show that a specific sequence of well-poised bilateral basic hypergeometric $_3\psi_3$ series form a family of orthogonal functions on the unit circle. We further extract a bilateral matrix inverse from Dougall's ${}_2H_2$ summation which we use, in combination with the Pfaff--Saalsch\"utz summation, to derive a summation for a particular bilateral hypergeometric $_3H_3$ series. We finally provide multivariate extensions of the bilateral matrix inverse and the $_3H_3$ summation in the setting of hypergeometric series associated to the root system $A_r$., Comment: 16 pp.; dedicated to Tom Koornwinder on the occasion of his 80th birthday

We prove specific biases in the number of occurrences of parts belonging to two different residue classes $a$ and $b$, modulo a fixed non-negative integer $m$, for the sets of unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions. These biases follow from inequalities for residue-weighted partition functions for the respective sets of partitions. We also establish asymptotic formulas for the numbers of partitions of size $n$ that belong to these sets of partitions and have a symmetric residue bias (i.e., for $1\le a

We introduce a finite-bound extension of a partition equinumerosity result which was orignally proposed as a problem by Andrews and Deutsch in 2016, and given a generalized form in 2018 by Smoot and Yang. We also give a simple bijective proof, itself an extension of the proof given of the 2018 generalization.

We provide elliptic extensions of elementary identities such as the sum of the first $n$ odd or even numbers, the geometric sum and the sum of the first $n$ cubes. Many such identities, and their $q$-analogues, are indefinite sums, and can be obtained from telescoping. So we used telescoping in our study to find elliptic extensions of these identities. In the course of our study, we obtained an identity with many parameters, which appears to be new even in the $q$-case. In addition, we recover some $q$-identities due to Warnaar., Comment: 15 pages, comments welcome

We discuss the problem posed by Bender, Coley, Robbins and Rumsey of enumerating the number of subspaces which have a given profile with respect to a linear operator over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. We solve this problem in the case where the operator is diagonalizable. The solution leads us to a new class of polynomials $b_{\mu\nu}(q)$ indexed by pairs of integer partitions. These polynomials have several interesting specializations and can be expressed as positive sums over semistandard tableaux. We present a new correspondence between set partitions and semistandard tableaux. A close analysis of this correspondence reveals the existence of several new set partition statistics which generate the polynomials $b_{\mu\nu}(q)$; each such statistic arises from a Mahonian statistic on multiset permutations. The polynomials $b_{\mu\nu}(q)$ are also given a description in terms of coefficients in the monomial expansion of $q$-Whittaker symmetric functions which are specializations of Macdonald polynomials. We express the Touchard--Riordan generating polynomial for chord diagrams by number of crossings in terms of $q$-Whittaker functions. We also introduce a class of $q$-Stirling numbers defined in terms of the polynomials $b_{\mu\nu}(q)$ and present connections with $q$-rook theory in the spirit of Garsia and Remmel., Comment: 41 pages, 10 figures

We present a multinomial theorem for elliptic commuting variables. This result extends the author's previously obtained elliptic binomial theorem to higher rank. Two essential ingredients are a simple elliptic star-triangle relation, ensuring the uniqueness of the normal form coefficients, and, for the recursion of the closed form elliptic multinomial coefficients, the Weierstra{\ss} type $\mathsf A$ elliptic partial fraction decomposition. From our elliptic multinomial theorem we obtain, by convolution, an identity that is equivalent to Rosengren's type $\mathsf A$ extension of the Frenkel--Turaev ${}_{10}V_9$ summation, which in the trigonometric or basic limiting case reduces to Milne's type $\mathsf A$ extension of the Jackson ${}_8\phi_7$ summation. Interpreted in terms of a weighted counting of lattice paths in the integer lattice $\mathbb Z^r$, our derivation of the $\mathsf A_r$ Frenkel--Turaev summation constitutes the first combinatorial proof of that fundamental identity, and, at the same time, of important special cases including the $\mathsf A_r$ Jackson summation., Comment: 14 pp

Motivated by recent work of George Andrews and Mircea Merca on the expansion of the quotient of the truncation of Euler's pentagonal number series by the complete series, we provide similar expansion results for averages involving truncations of selected, more general, basic hypergeometric series. In particular, our expansions include new results for averaged truncations of the series appearing in the Jacobi triple product identity, the $q$-Gau{\ss} summation, and the very-well-poised ${}_5\phi_5$ summation. We show how special cases of our expansions can be used to recover various existing results. In addition, we establish new inequalities, such as one for a refinement of the number of partitions into three different colors., Comment: 14 pp

The identity by Chaundy and Bullard expresses $1$ as a sum of two truncated binomial series in one variable where the truncations depend on two different non-negative integers. We present basic and elliptic extensions of the Chaundy--Bullard identity. The most general result, the elliptic extension, involves, in addition to the nome $p$ and the base $q$, four independent complex variables. Our proof uses a suitable weighted lattice path model. We also show how three of the basic extensions can be viewed as B\'ezout identities. Inspired by the lattice path model, we give a new elliptic extension of the binomial theorem, taking the form of an identity for elliptic commuting variables. We further present variants of the homogeneous form of the identity for $q$-commuting and for elliptic commuting variables., Comment: 22 pages, dedicated to the memory of Richard Allen Askey; minor changes

We extend Fibonacci numbers with arbitrary weights and generalize a dozen Fibonacci identities. As a special case, we propose an elliptic extension which extends the $q$-Fibonacci polynomials appearing in Schur's work. The proofs of most of the identities are combinatorial, extending the proofs given by Benjamin and Quinn, and in the $q$ case, by Garrett. Some identities are proved by telescoping., Comment: 14 pages, comments solicited

In 1992, Loeb considered a natural extension of the binomial coefficients to negative entries and gave a combinatorial interpretation in terms of hybrid sets. He showed that many of the fundamental properties of binomial coefficients continue to hold in this extended setting. Recently, Formichella and Straub showed that these results can be extended to the $q$-binomial coefficients with arbitrary integer values and extended the work of Loeb further by examining arithmetic properties of the $q$-binomial coefficients. In this paper, we give an alternative combinatorial interpretation in terms of lattice paths and consider an extension of the more general weight-dependent binomial coefficients, first defined by the second author, to arbitrary integer values. Remarkably, many of the results of Loeb, Formichella and Straub continue to hold in the general weighted setting. We also examine important special cases of the weight-dependent binomial coefficients, including ordinary, $q$- and elliptic binomial coefficients as well as elementary and complete homogeneous symmetric functions., Comment: 34 pages, 7 figures

In this paper, we prove two recently conjectured supercongruences (modulo $p^3$, where $p$ is any prime greater than $3$) of Zhi-Hong Sun on truncated sums involving the Domb numbers. Our proofs involve a number of ingredients such as congruences involving specialized Bernoulli polynomials, harmonic numbers, binomial coefficients, and hypergeometric summations and transformations., Comment: 17 pp

Two $q$-supercongruences of truncated basic hypergeometric series containing two free parameters are established by employing specific identities for basic hypergeometric series. The results partly extend two $q$-supercongruences that were earlier conjectured by the same authors and involve $q$-supercongruences modulo the square and the cube of a cyclotomic polynomial. One of the newly proved $q$-supercongruences is even conjectured to hold modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial., Comment: 10 pages

We study two types of dynamical extensions of Lucas sequences and give elliptic solutions for them. The first type concerns a level-dependent (or discrete time-dependent) version involving commuting variables. We show that a nice solution for this system is given by elliptic numbers. The second type involves a non-commutative version of Lucas sequences which defines the non-commutative (or abstract) Fibonacci polynomials introduced by Johann Cigler. If the non-commuting variables are specialized to be elliptic-commuting variables the abstract Fibonacci polynomials become non-commutative elliptic Fibonacci polynomials. Some properties we derive for these include their explicit expansion in terms of normalized monomials and a non-commutative elliptic Euler--Cassini identity., Comment: 16 pages; minor changes, Eq. (3.10) corrected; dedicated to Johann Cigler on the occasion of his 84th birthday

We prove two supercongruences for specific truncated hypergeometric series. These include an uniparametric extension of a supercongruence that was recently established by Long and Ramakrishna. Our proofs involve special instances of various hypergeometric identities including Whipple's transformation and the Karlsson--Minton summation., Comment: 10 pages

We establish the asymptotic normality of the dimension of large-size random Fishburn matrices by a complex-analytic approach. The corresponding dual problem of size distribution under large dimension is also addressed and follows a quadratic type normal limit law. These results represent the first of their kind and solve two open questions raised in the combinatorial literature. They are presented in a general framework where the entries of the Fishburn matrices are not limited to binary or nonnegative integers. The analytic saddle-point approach we apply, based on a powerful transformation for $q$-series due to Andrews and Jel\'inek, is also useful in solving a conjecture of Stoimenow in Vassiliev invariants., Comment: 35 pages, comments are welcome

In this paper, we study properties of the coefficients appearing in the $q$-series expansion of $\prod_{n\ge 1}[(1-q^n)/(1-q^{pn})]^\delta$, the infinite Borwein product for an arbitrary prime $p$, raised to an arbitrary positive real power $\delta$. We use the Hardy--Ramanujan--Rademacher circle method to give an asymptotic formula for the coefficients. For $p=3$ we give an estimate of their growth which enables us to partially confirm an earlier conjecture of the first author concerning an observed sign pattern of the coefficients when the exponent $\delta$ is within a specified range of positive real numbers. We further establish some vanishing and divisibility properties of the coefficients of the cube of the infinite Borwein product. We conclude with an Appendix presenting several new conjectures on precise sign patterns of infinite products raised to a real power which are similar to the conjecture we made in the $p=3$ case., Comment: 24 pages; an appendix with several new conjectures added; to appear in the Ramanujan Journal; dedicated to the memory of Richard Allen Askey

It is well known since the seminal work by Bousquet-M\'elou, Claesson, Dukes and Kitaev (2010) that certain refinements of the ascent sequences with respect to several natural statistics are in bijection with corresponding refinements of $({\bf2+2})$-free posets and permutations that avoid a bivincular pattern. Different multiply-refined enumerations of ascent sequences and other bijectively equivalent structures have subsequently been extensively studied by various authors. In this paper, our main contributions are 1. a bijective proof of a bi-symmetric septuple equidistribution of statistics on ascent sequences, involving the number of ascents (asc), the number of repeated entries (rep), the number of zeros (zero), the number of maximal entries (max), the number of right-to-left minima (rmin) and two auxiliary statistics; 2. a new transformation formula for non-terminating basic hypergeometric $_4\phi_3$ series expanded as an analytic function in base $q$ around $q=1$, which is utilized to prove two (bi)-symmetric quadruple equidistributions on ascent sequences. A by-product of our findings includes the affirmation of a conjecture about the bi-symmetric equidistribution between the quadruples of Euler--Stirling statistics (asc,rep,zero,max) and (rep,asc,max,zero) on ascent sequences, that was motivated by a double Eulerian equidistribution due to Foata (1977) and recently proposed by Fu, Lin, Yan, Zhou and the first author (2018)., Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures

A standard barely set-valued tableau of shape $\lambda$ is a filling of the Young diagram $\lambda$ with integers $1,2,\dots,|\lambda|+1$ such that the integers are increasing in each row and column, and every cell contains one integer except one cell that contains two integers. Counting standard barely set-valued tableaux is closely related to the coincidental down-degree expectations (CDE) of lower intervals in Young's lattice. Using $q$-integral techniques we give a formula for the number of standard barely set-valued tableaux of arbitrary shifted shape. We show how it can be used to recover two formulas, originally conjectured by Reiner, Tenner and Yong, and proved by Hopkins, for numbers of standard barely set valued tableaux of particular shifted-balanced shapes. We also prove a conjecture of Reiner, Tenner and Yong on the CDE property of the shifted shape $(n,n-2,n-4,\dots,n-2k+2)$. Finally, in the Appendix we raise a conjecture on an $\mathsf a;q$-analogue of the down-degree expectation with respect to the uniform distribution for a specific class of lower order ideals of Young's lattice., Comment: 24 pages, 22 figures This is a revised version of the previous paper. Remark 5.5 is added; Conjecture A.2 in the Appendix is strengthened; with further minor changes

Multidimensional matrix inversions provide a powerful tool for studying multiple hypergeometric series. In order to extend this technique to elliptic hypergeometric series, we present three new multidimensional matrix inversions. As applications, we obtain a new $A_r$ elliptic Jackson summation, as well as several quadratic, cubic and quartic summation formulas.

We establish discrete and continuous log-concavity results for a biparametric extension of the $q$-numbers and of the $q$-binomial coefficients. By using classical results for the Jacobi theta function we are able to lift some of our log-concavity results to the elliptic setting. One of our main ingredients is a putatively new lemma involving a multiplicative analogue of Tur\'an's inequality., Comment: 17 pages; dedicated to Bruce Berndt, on the occasion of his 80th birthday; minor changes; to appear in the International Journal of Number Theory

This is a small contribution to the (September 15, 2019) Liber Amicorum Richard "Dick" Allen Askey. At the end a positivity conjecture related to the First and Second Borwein Conjectures is offered., Comment: 4 pages; this is contribution #44 to the Liber Amicorum Richard "Dick" Allen Askey

We prove a two-parameter family of $q$-hypergeometric congruences modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial. Crucial ingredients in our proof are George Andrews' multiseries extension of the Watson transformation, and a Karlsson--Minton type summation for very-well-poised basic hypergeometric series due to George Gasper. The new family of $q$-congruences is then used to prove two conjectures posed earlier by the authors., Comment: 12 pages

We provide several new $q$-congruences for truncated basic hypergeometric series with the base being an even power of $q$. Our results mainly concern congruences modulo the square or the cube of a cyclotomic polynomial and complement corresponding ones of an earlier paper containing $q$-congruences for truncated basic hypergeometric series with the base being an odd power of $q$. We also give a number of related conjectures including $q$-congruences modulo the fifth power of a cyclotomic polynomial and a congruence for a truncated ordinary hypergeometric series modulo the seventh power of a prime greater than 3., Comment: 13 pages, more background and references added

We present an infinite family of Borwein type $+ - - $ conjectures. The expressions in the conjecture are related to multiple basic hypergeometric series with Macdonald polynomial argument., Comment: 11 pages, minor changes, to appear in Ann. Comb

We provide several new $q$-congruences for truncated basic hypergeometric series, mostly of arbitrary order. Our results include congruences modulo the square or the cube of a cyclotomic polynomial, and in some instances, parametric generalizations thereof. These are established by a variety of techniques including polynomial argument, creative microscoping (a method recently introduced by the first author in collaboration with Zudilin), Andrews' multiseries generalization of the Watson transformation, and induction. We also give a number of related conjectures including congruences modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial., Comment: 14 pages, more background and references added

By means of the $q$-Zeilberger algorithm, we prove a basic hypergeometric supercongruence modulo the fifth power of the cyclotomic polynomial $\Phi_n(q)$. This result appears to be quite unique, as in the existing literature so far no basic hypergeometric supercongruences modulo a power greater than the fourth of a cyclotomic polynomial have been proved. We also establish a couple of related results, including a parametric supercongruence., Comment: 9 pages, refereces added; to appear in Journal of Difference Equations and Applications

Several new $q$-supercongruences are obtained using transformation formulas for basic hypergeometric series, together with various techniques such as suitably combining terms, and creative microscoping, a method recently developed by the first author in collaboration with Wadim Zudilin. More concretely, the results in this paper include $q$-analogues of supercongruences (referring to $p$-adic identities remaining valid for some higher power of $p$) established by Long, by Long and Ramakrishna, and several other $q$-supercongruences. The six basic hypergeometric transformation formulas which are made use of are Watson's transformation, a quadratic transformation of Rahman, a cubic transformation of Gasper and Rahman, a quartic transformation of Gasper and Rahman, a double series transformation of Ismail, Rahman and Suslov, and a new transformation formula for a nonterminating very-well-poised ${}_{12}\phi_{11}$ series. Also, the nonterminating $q$-Dixon summation formula is used. A special case of the new ${}_{12}\phi_{11}$ transformation formula is further utilized to obtain a generalization of Rogers' linearization formula for the continuous $q$-ultraspherical polynomials., Comment: 41 pages, Section 6 slightly expanded; to appear in Constructive Approximation

We derive by analytic means a number of bilateral identities of the Rogers--Ramanujan type. Our results include bilateral extensions of the Rogers--Ramanujan and the G\"ollnitz-Gordon identities, and of related identities by Ramanujan, Jackson, and Slater. We give corresponding results for multiseries including multilateral extensions of the Andrews--Gordon identities, of the Andrews--Bressoud generalization of the G\"ollnitz--Gordon identities, of Bressoud's even modulus identities, and other identities. Our closed form bilateral and multilateral summations appear to be the very first of their kind., Comment: 24 pages; section on combinatorial applications removed; Remark 2.3 added; further small changes; accepted for publication in Trans. AMS

We give an overview of some of the main results from the theories of hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series and integrals associated with root systems. In particular, we list a number of summations, transformations and explicit evaluations for such multiple series and integrals. We concentrate on such results which do not directly extend to the elliptic level. This text is a provisional version of a chapter on hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series and integrals associated with root systems for volume 2 of the new Askey--Bateman project which deals with "Multivariable special functions"., Comment: 39 pages; small changes and references added; this text will appear as a chapter in the book "Multivariable Special Functions" (edited by Tom Koornwinder and Jasper Stokman) which is part of the new Askey-Bateman project

We list $A_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ extensions of the elliptic WP Bailey transform and lemma, given for $n=1$ by Andrews and Spiridonov. Our work requires multiple series extensions of Frenkel and Turaev's terminating, balanced and very-well-poised ${}_{10}V_9$ elliptic hypergeometric summation formula due to Rosengren, and Rosengren and Schlosser. In our study, we discover two new $A_n$ ${}_{12}V_{11}$ transformation formulas, that reduce to two new $A_n$ extensions of Bailey's $_{10}\phi_9$ transformation formulas when the nome $p$ is $0$, and two multiple series extensions of Frenkel and Turaev's sum.

We use Andrews' $q$-analogues of Watson's and Whipple's $_3F_2$ summation theorems to deduce two formulas for products of specific basic hypergeometric functions. These constitute $q$-analogues of corresponding product formulas for ordinary hypergeometric functions given by Bailey. The first formula was obtained earlier by Jain and Srivastava by a different method., Comment: 4 pages; relevant reference added (which contains one of the results, obtained by a different method)

In this article, we define functions analogous to Ramanujan's function $f(n)$ defined in his famous paper "Modular equations and approximations to $\pi$". We then use these new functions to study Ramanujan's series for $1/\pi$ associated with the classical, cubic and quartic bases.

We derive combinatorial identities for variables satisfying specific systems of commutation relations, in particular elliptic commutation relations. The identities thus obtained extend corresponding ones for $q$-commuting variables $x$ and $y$ satisfying $yx=qxy$. In particular, we obtain weight-dependent binomial theorems, functional equations for generalized exponential functions, we derive results for an elliptic derivative of elliptic commuting variables, and finally study weight-dependent extensions of the Weyl algebra which we connect to rook theory.

We use a q-series identity by Ramanujan to give a combinatorial interpretation of Ramanujan's tau function which involves t-cores and a new class of partitions which we call (m,k)-capsids. The same method can be applied in conjunction with other related identities yielding alternative combinatorial interpretations of the tau function., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures

We employ a one-variable extension of q-rook theory to give combinatorial proofs of some basic hypergeometric summations, including the q-Pfaff-Saalsch\"utz summation and a 4phi3 summation by Jain., Comment: 12 pages

We construct elliptic extensions of the alpha-parameter rook model introduced by Goldman and Haglund and of the rook model for matchings of Haglund and Remmel. In particular, we extend the product formulas of these models to the elliptic setting. By specializing the parameter alpha in our elliptic extension of the alpha-parameter model and the shape of the Ferrers board in different ways, we obtain elliptic analogues of the Stirling numbers of the first kind and of the Abel polynomials, and obtain an a,q-analogue of the matching numbers. We further generalize the rook theory model for matchings by introducing l-lazy graphs which correspond to l-shifted boards, where l is a finite vector of positive integers. The corresponding elliptic product formula generalizes Haglund and Remmel's product formula for matchings already in the non-elliptic basic case., Comment: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1512.01720

We use elliptic Taylor series expansions and interpolation to deduce a number of summations for elliptic hypergeometric series. We extend to the well-poised elliptic case results that in the $q$-case have previously been obtained by Cooper and by Ismail and Stanton. We also provide identities involving S. Bhargava's cubic theta functions.

Rook theory has been investigated by many people since its introduction by Kaplansky and Riordan in 1946. Goldman, Joichi and White in 1975 showed that the sum over $k$ of the product of the $(n-k)$-th rook numbers multiplied by the $k$-th falling factorial polynomials factorize into a product. In the sequel, different types of generalizations and analogues of this product formula have been derived by various authors. In 2008, Miceli and Remmel constructed a rook theory model involving augmented rook boards in which they showed the validity of a general product formula which can be specialized to all other product formulas that so far have appeared in the literature on rook theory. In this work, we construct an elliptic extension of the $q$-analogue of Miceli and Remmel's result. Special cases yield elliptic extensions of various known rook theory models., Comment: 21 pages

Utilizing elliptic weights, we construct an elliptic analogue of rook numbers for Ferrers boards. Our elliptic rook numbers generalize Garsia and Remmel's q-rook numbers by two additional independent parameters a and b, and a nome p. These are shown to satisfy an elliptic extension of a factorization theorem which in the classical case was established by Goldman, Joichi and White and later was extended to the q-case by Garsia and Remmel. We obtain similar results for our elliptic analogues of Garsia and Remmel's q-file numbers for skyline boards. We also provide an elliptic extension of the j-attacking model introduced by Remmel and Wachs. Various applications of our results include elliptic analogues of (generalized) Stirling numbers of the first and second kind, Lah numbers, Abel numbers, and r-restricted versions thereof., Comment: 45 pages; 3rd version shortened (elliptic rook theory for matchings has been taken out to keep the length of this paper reasonable)