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Data from two six-week current measurement campaigns at the coasts of Norway and Spain arc presented. Spatial coverage of surface currents was obtained by an HF (High Frequency) radar. Subsurface currents were measured by bottom-mounted and ship-borne ADCPs (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler). The HF data were assimilated by a fine gridded model with the aim of predicting currents for about 6 h. The objective of this article is twofold, to investigate the performance of the instruments and the model, and to show the high temporal and spatial variability of currents in the coastal zones under investigation. Several strong storms occurred during the experiments with significant waveheights exceeding 11 m (Norway) and 8m (Spain), respectively. High waves affected both the WEllen RAdar (WERA) (reduced ranges) and the ADCP (unreliable near-surface current velocities). The assimilation algorithm of the model worked well. The comparisons of measured and modelled maps of the surface-current velocity, time series and horizontal gradients reveal good agreement. The analysis of current data shows similar features for both experimental areas. The dominant M2-tidal currents are weak (amplitudes of about 0.15ms¹). The spatial distribution of the vector correlation between surface current and wind is homogeneous, although single current maps contain strong horizontal variabilities. The portion of current variance linearly forced by wind is about 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To report our results after reconstruction of the upper digestive tract for locally advanced carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus. Design: Open study. Setting: Teaching University hospital, Germany. Subjects: Of the 517 patients who presented with carcinoma of the oesophagus between September 1985 and March 1997, 16 had a locally advanced tumour of the hypopharynx and 25 of the cervical oesophagus. Intentions: Free jejunal grafts were used after circular resection in all patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx, and for the 3 with oesophageal carcinoma in whom we obtained adequate resection margins. In the remainder stomach was used in 21 and colon in 1. Main outcome measures: Morbidity and mortality. Results: After jejunal grafting 1 patient died within 30 days and 2 died in hospital. After gastric or colonic reconstruction 2 patients died within 30 days and 4 in hospital. There was 1 anastomotic leak, 1 transplant became necrotic and had to be replaced, in 2 patients the recurrent nerve was damaged, 1 patient developed a wound infection and 1 a cardiac infarction. After gastric or colonic replacement 7 patients had paralysed recurrent laryngeal nerves, there was 6 anastomotic leaks, 1 chylous leak,1 haemorrhage, and in 1 the transplant necrosed. Conclusion: Despite the fact that we compared tumours in different sites, these results suggest that the jejunal graft is safer for upper oesophageal and hypopharyngeal reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]