107 results on '"Schlichting N"'
Search Results
2. Weight loss surgery improves the metabolic status in an obese rat model but does not affect bladder fibrosis associated with high fat diet feeding
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Oberbach, A, Schlichting, N, Heinrich, M, Lehmann, S, Till, H, Mohr, F W, Mannello, F, Stolzenburg, J-U, and Neuhaus, J
- Published
- 2014
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3. P773Uric acid regulates multiple interacting major cellular pathways in human aortic endothelial cells: a global proteome approach
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Oberbach, A, Adams, V, Schlichting, N, Jehmich, N, Voelker, U, Mohr, FW, and Neuhaus, J
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- 2014
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4. Struktur und Funktion der suburothelialen Myofibroblasten in der humanen Harnblase unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen
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Neuhaus, J., Heinrich, M., Schlichting, N., Oberbach, A., Fitzl, G., Schwalenberg, T., Horn, L.-C., and Stolzenburg, J.-U.
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- 2007
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5. Neue Verfahren der optimalen Patientenselektion für die anticholinerge Therapie
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Neuhaus, J., Schwalenberg, T., Schlichting, N., Schulze, M., Horn, L.-C., and Stolzenburg, J.-U.
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- 2007
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6. Regulation von Interleukin-6 durch Lipopolysaccharid-Stimulation in kultivierten humanen Detrusormyozyten
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Neuhaus, J., Schlichting, N., Oberbach, A., and Stolzenburg, J.-U.
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- 2007
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7. Identification and localization of bacteria from infected native and prosthetic valves
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Friedrich, M., Oberbach, A., Schlichting, N., Feder, S., Kullnick, Y.Y., Lehmann, S., Buschmann, T., Neuhaus, J., Neujahr, R., Rodloff, A.C., Gräber, S., Kirsch, K., Sandri, M., and Publica
- Published
- 2019
8. Gastric mucosal devitalization is safe and effective in reducing body weight and visceral adiposity in a porcine model
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Kumbhari, V., Lehmann, S., Schlichting, N., Heinrich, M., Kullnick, Y., Retschlag, U., Enderle, M., Dietrich, A., Khashab, M.A., Kalloo, A.N., Oberbach, A., and Publica
- Abstract
Background and Aims: The early improvement in metabolic profile after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) indicates that the significant benefits of metabolic surgery are gastric in origin. We have previously demonstrated that devitalization of the gastric mucosa (without a reduction in gastric volume) in metabolically disturbed obese rats results in an improvement of obesity and its associated comorbidities. The aims of this study were to assess the technical feasibility, efficacy, and safety of gastric mucosal devitalization (GMD) in a large animal (porcine) model. Methods: A 3-arm (GMD versus SG versus sham [SH]) prospective randomized controlled trial with an 8-week follow-up period was performed. The primary endpoint was relative weight loss. Secondary endpoints were absolute body weight, abdominal visceral adiposity, abdominal subcutaneous adiposity, organ lipid content, and serum ghrelin level. Results: GMD resulted in a significant relative weight loss of 36% over SH at 8 w eeks (P
- Published
- 2018
9. Bacterial Infiltration of Structural Heart Valve Disease
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Oberbach, A., additional, Friedrich, M., additional, Feder, S., additional, Buschmann, T., additional, Gräber, S., additional, Rodloff, A., additional, Schlichting, N., additional, Kullnick, Y., additional, Lehmann, S., additional, Luehr, M., additional, Peterß, S., additional, Pichlmaier, M., additional, Borger, M., additional, Hagl, C., additional, and Bagaev, E., additional
- Published
- 2018
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10. Metabolic in vivo labeling highlights differences of metabolically active microbes from the mucosal gastrointestinal microbiome between high-fat and normal chow diet
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Oberbach, A., Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Schlichting, N., Heinrich, M., Lehmann, S., Till, H., Hugenholtz, F., Kullnick, Y., Smidt, H., Frank, Karin, Seifert, Jana, Jehmlich, Nico, von Bergen, Martin, Oberbach, A., Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Schlichting, N., Heinrich, M., Lehmann, S., Till, H., Hugenholtz, F., Kullnick, Y., Smidt, H., Frank, Karin, Seifert, Jana, Jehmlich, Nico, and von Bergen, Martin
- Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota in the gut interacts metabolically and immunologically with the host tissue in the contact zone of the mucus layer. For understanding the details of these interactions and especially their dynamics it is crucial to identify the metabolically active subset of the microbiome. This became possible by the development of stable isotope probing techniques, which have only sparsely been applied to microbiome research. We applied the in vivo stable isotope approach using 15N-labeled diet with subsequent identification of metabolically active bacterial species. Four-week old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to chow diet (CD, n =15) and high-fat diet (HFD, n =15). After 11 weeks, three animals from each group were sacrificed for baseline characterization of anthropometric and metabolic obesity. The remaining animals were exposed to either a 15N-labeled (n =9) or a 14N-unlabeled experimental diet (n =3). Three rats from each cohort (HFD and CD) were sacrificed at 12, 24, and 72 h. The remaining three animals from each cohort, which received the 14N-unlabeled diet, were sacrificed after 72 h. The colon was harvested and divided into three equal sections (proximal, medial, and distal), and the mucus layer of each specimen was sampled by scraping. We identified the active subset in an HFD model of obesity in comparison with lean controls rats using metaproteomics. In addition, all samples were investigated by 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing. The active microbiome of the HFD group showed an increase in bacterial taxa for Verrucomicrobia and Desulfovibrionaceae. In contrast with no significant changes in alpha diversity, time- and localization-dependent effects in beta-diversity were clearly observed. In terms of enzymatic functions the HFD group showed strong affected metabolic pathways such as energy production and carbohydrate metabolism. In vivo isotope labeling combined with metaproteomics provides a valuable method to distingui
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- 2017
11. Chronic Infection of Stenotic Aortic Valves with Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Perioperative Treatment?
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Bagaev, E., additional, Friedrich, M., additional, Schlichting, N., additional, Kullnick, Y., additional, Lidzba, N., additional, Gruhle, M.S., additional, Pichlmaier, M., additional, Kuhr, F., additional, Lühr, M., additional, Hagl, C., additional, and Oberbach, A., additional
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- 2017
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12. Proteome profiles of HDL particles of patients with chronic heart failure are associated with immune response and also include bacteria proteins
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Oberbach, A., Adams, V., Schlichting, N., Heinrich, M., Kullnick, Y., Lehmann, S., Feder, S., Correia, J.C., Mohr, F.-W., Völker, U., Jehmlich, Nico, Oberbach, A., Adams, V., Schlichting, N., Heinrich, M., Kullnick, Y., Lehmann, S., Feder, S., Correia, J.C., Mohr, F.-W., Völker, U., and Jehmlich, Nico
- Abstract
Besides modulation of reverse cholesterol transport, high density lipoprotein (HDL) is able to modulate vascular function by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Recently, it could be documented that this function of HDL was significantly impaired in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated alterations in the HDL proteome in CHF patients. Therefore, HDL was isolated from 5 controls (HDLhealthy) and 5 CHF patients of NYHA-class IIIb (HDLCHF). Proteome analysis of HDL particles was performed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (SCX/RP LC–MS/MS). In total, we identified 494 distinct proteins, of which 107 proteins were commonly found in both groups (HDLCHF and HDLhealthy) indicating a high inter-subject variability across HDL particles. Several important proteins (e.g. ITGA2, APBA1 or A2M) varied in level. Functional analysis revealed regulated pathways. A minor proportion of bacteria-derived proteins were also identified in the HDL-particles.The extension of the list of HDL-associated proteins allows besides their mere description new insights into alterations in HDL function in diseases. In addition, the detection of bacterial proteins bound to HDL will broaden our view of HDL not only as a cholesterol carrier but also as a carrier of proteins.
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- 2015
13. Gender Differences in Surgical Patients Suffering from Active Infective Endocarditis (AIE).
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Oberbach, A., Friedrich, M., Feder, S., Buschmann, T., Gräber, S., Rodloff, A., Schlichting, N., Kullnick, Y., Lehmann, S., Luehr, M., Peterß, S., Pichlmaier, M., Borger, M., Hagl, C., and Bagaev, E.
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INFECTIVE endocarditis ,SEX factors in disease ,COMPLICATIONS of cardiac surgery ,DISEASE incidence ,MEDICAL statistics ,THERAPEUTICS - Published
- 2018
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14. Establishing a reliable multiple reaction monitoring-based method for the quantification of obesity-associated comorbidities in serum and adipose tissue requires intensive clinical validation
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Oberbach, A., Schlichting, N., Neuhaus, J., Kullnick, Y., Lehmann, S., Heinrich, M., Dietrich, A., Mohr, F.W., von Bergen, Martin, Baumann, Sven, Oberbach, A., Schlichting, N., Neuhaus, J., Kullnick, Y., Lehmann, S., Heinrich, M., Dietrich, A., Mohr, F.W., von Bergen, Martin, and Baumann, Sven
- Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) based mass spectrometric quantification of peptides offers the chance to analyze various analytes in parallel and is feasible for analysis of tissues secreting the markers of interest. In obesity research biomarkers reflecting multiple comorbidities and allow monitoring of therapy outcomes are required. Surprisingly, studies comparing MRM datasets with established methods are rare and therefore the biological and clinical value remains questionable. A nano-UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of obesity related surrogate markers in serum and adipose tissue was established. Proteotypic peptides for complement C3, adiponectin, angiotensinogen, and plasma retinol binding protein (RBP4) were quantified and compared to ELISA. MRM-method variabilities were mainly below 10%. The comparison with other MS-based approaches showed a good correlation, while large differences were obtained versus ELISA. The verification of MRM was performed in lean and obese phenotype and was able to discriminate cohorts. Additionally weight loss related changes of surrogate markers were monitored in obese phenotype after gastric bypass surgery in a seven months follow-up. However, inclusion of additional biomarkers was necessary to interpret data properly. Finally, the establishing of disease related MRMs should include steps of matching data with clinically approved standard methods and defining reference values in convenient cohorts.
- Published
- 2014
15. 169 * METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF NATIVE- AND PROSTHETIC-VALVE INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
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Oberbach, A., primary, Feder, S., additional, Neuhaus, J., additional, Schlichting, N., additional, Kullnick, Y., additional, and Mohr, F., additional
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- 2014
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16. Sleeve gastrectomy reduces xanthine oxidase and uric acid in a rat model of morbid obesity
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Oberbach, A., Neuhaus, J., Schlichting, N., Kugler, J., Baumann, Sven, Till, H., Oberbach, A., Neuhaus, J., Schlichting, N., Kugler, J., Baumann, Sven, and Till, H.
- Abstract
BackgroundSerum uric acid (sUA) plays a major role in the development of morbidities associated with obesity, especially cardiovascular diseases. Within the purine pathway, xanthine oxidase (XOD) represents the key enzyme. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of sUA and XOD following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in a rat model of high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obesity.PatientsOver a period of 11 weeks, 30 rats received a HFD, and 10 rats received a low fat diet (LFD). Thereafter, 10 randomly selected HFD rats and 10 LFD rats were sacrificed. The remaining 20 HFD rats were randomly assigned to either SG or sham operation (SH) and studied 14 days postoperatively.MethodsThe white adipose tissues (WAT) from visceral (intestinal and retroperitoneal) and inguinal (subcutaneous) depots were collected. sUA and urine UA (uUA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Abundance and activity of XOD was investigated in the liver, colon, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsHFD led to significant weight gain, elevated sUA levels, increased WAT and increase of XOD activity. Fourteen days postoperatively, SG rats showed a significant decrease of weight and adipose tissue, improved glucose metabolism, and changes of gut hormones. The sUA and uUA levels were significantly decreased following SG. Furthermore, XOD activity was significantly down-regulated in WAT.ConclusionHFD induces elevated sUA levels by gain of WAT and increase of XOD activity. Following SG, the reduction of WAT as the major source of XOD and the lowering of XOD activity are the basis for the decrease of sUA.
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- 2013
17. Bariatric surgery in severely obese adolescents improves major comorbidities including hyperuricemia
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Oberbach, A., Neuhaus, J., Inge, T., Kirsch, K., Schlichting, N., Blüher, S., Kullnick, Y., Kugler, J., Baumann, Sven, Till, H., Oberbach, A., Neuhaus, J., Inge, T., Kirsch, K., Schlichting, N., Blüher, S., Kullnick, Y., Kugler, J., Baumann, Sven, and Till, H.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Serum uric acid (sUA) is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic comorbidities like hypertension, insulin-resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction (EDF) in obese children. The present pilot study investigated the association between sUA concentrations and loss of body weight following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) in severely obese adolescents.MATERIALS/METHODS: 10 severely obese adolescents underwent either LSG (n=5) or RYGB (n=5). 17 normal weight, healthy, age- and gender-matched adolescents served as a normal weight peer group (NWPG). Pre- and 12months postoperatively, sUA and relevant metabolic parameters (glucose homeostasis, transaminases, lipids) were compared.RESULTS: Preoperatively, sUA was significantly elevated in patients with severe obesity compared to NWPG. Twelve months after LSG and RYGB, a significant decrease in sUA, BMI, CVD risk factors, hepatic transaminases, and HOMA-IR was observed. Reduction in SDS-BMI significantly correlated with changes in sUA.CONCLUSIONS: sUA levels and metabolic comorbidities improved following bariatric surgery in severely obese adolescents. The impact of changes in sUA on long-term clinical complications of childhood obesity deserves further study.
- Published
- 2013
18. Dynamic Range Adaptation to Spectral Stimulus Statistics in Human Auditory Cortex
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Herrmann, B., primary, Schlichting, N., additional, and Obleser, J., additional
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- 2013
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19. Metaproteome analysis and molecular genetics of rat intestinal microbiota reveals section and localisation resolved species distribution and enzymatic functionalities
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Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Oberbach, Andreas, Schlichting, N., Hugenholtz, F., Smidt, H., von Bergen, Martin, Till, H., Seifert, Jana, Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Oberbach, Andreas, Schlichting, N., Hugenholtz, F., Smidt, H., von Bergen, Martin, Till, H., and Seifert, Jana
- Abstract
The digestion of food ingredients depends on the action of the gut microbiota and has a significant influence on the health, especially in the case of metabolic diseases, of the host organism. Despite the relevance of the structure and functionalities in the microbiota for the metabolism of the host, the spatial resolution of microbial consortia and the functionalities in the different gut sections of the rat are mostly unknown. Since there are suitable rat models for human metabolic diseases, the microbiota of the rat is of special interest. Samples along the intestinal tract of rats were investigated using metaproteomics and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The procedures for harvesting bacteria from the mucus and the content of the gut sections and feces were optimized leading to 2802 nonredundant bacterial protein groups in total that were assigned to spectra measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of 16S rRNA genes and protein groups belonged to members of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The functionalities in the enzyme repertoire were compared between the mucus and the content of the large intestine sections and the feces samples. This spatial resolution allowed pinpointing changes in the community to specific metabolic capacities like carbohydrate transport and energy conservation. The results showed that the mere analysis of feces samples reflects the functions of the gut microbiota only to a minor extent and sheds light on the metabolic interchange between the microbiota and the host organism.
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- 2012
20. Combined proteomic and metabolomic profiling of serum reveals association of the complement system with obesity and identifies novel markers of body fat mass changes
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Oberbach, Andreas, Blüher, M., Wirth, Henry, Till, H., Kovacs, P., Kullnick, Yvonne, Schlichting, N., Tomm, Janina, Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike, Murugaiyan, Jayaseelan, Binder, H., Dietrich, A., von Bergen, Martin, Oberbach, Andreas, Blüher, M., Wirth, Henry, Till, H., Kovacs, P., Kullnick, Yvonne, Schlichting, N., Tomm, Janina, Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike, Murugaiyan, Jayaseelan, Binder, H., Dietrich, A., and von Bergen, Martin
- Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple adverse health effects and a high risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a great need to identify circulating parameters that link changes in body fat mass with obesity. This study combines proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify circulating molecules that discriminate healthy lean from healthy obese individuals in an exploratory study design. To correct for variations in physical activity, study participants performed a one hour exercise bout to exhaustion. Subsequently, circulating factors differing between lean and obese individuals, independent of physical activity, were identified. The DIGE approach yielded 126 differentially abundant spots representing 39 unique proteins. Differential abundance of proteins was confirmed by ELISA for antithrombin-III, clusterin, complement C3 and complement C3b, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), serum amyloid P (SAP), and vitamin-D binding protein (VDBP). Targeted serum metabolomics of 163 metabolites identified 12 metabolites significantly related to obesity. Among those, glycine (GLY), glutamine (GLN), and glycero-phosphatidylcholine 42:0 (PCaa 42:0) serum concentrations were higher, whereas PCaa 32:0, PCaa 32:1, and PCaa 40:5 were decreased in obese compared to lean individuals. The integrated bioinformatic evaluation of proteome and metabolome data yielded an improved group separation score of 2.65 in contrast to 2.02 and 2.16 for the single-type use of proteomic or metabolomics data, respectively. The identified circulating parameters were further investigated in an extended set of 30 volunteers and in the context of two intervention studies. Those included 14 obese patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy and 12 patients on a hypocaloric diet. For determining the long-term adaptation process the samples were taken six months after the treatment. In multivariate regression analyses, SAP, CLU, R
- Published
- 2011
21. Weight loss surgery improves the metabolic status in an obese rat model but does not affect bladder fibrosis associated with high fat diet feeding
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Oberbach, A, primary, Schlichting, N, additional, Heinrich, M, additional, Lehmann, S, additional, Till, H, additional, Mohr, F W, additional, Mannello, F, additional, Stolzenburg, J-U, additional, and Neuhaus, J, additional
- Published
- 2013
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22. Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction by increasing reactive oxygen species
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Linke, A. H. P., primary, Oberbach, A., additional, Jehmlich, N., additional, Schlichting, N., additional, Schuler, G., additional, and Adams, V., additional
- Published
- 2013
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23. Suitability of porcine chondrocyte micromasses to model osteoarthritis in vitro
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Dehne, T., primary, Schlichting, N., additional, Mans, K., additional, Endres, M., additional, Stuhlmüller, B., additional, Sittinger, M., additional, Kaps, C., additional, and Ringe, J., additional
- Published
- 2013
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24. Palmitat induziert IL-6 in humanen Detrusormyozyten – Ein möglicher Link zwischen gestörtem Fettstoffwechsel und chronischen Entzündungen der Harnblase
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Oberbach, A, primary, Schlichting, N, additional, Heinrich, M, additional, Blüher, M, additional, Kovacs, P, additional, Till, H, additional, and Neuhaus, J, additional
- Published
- 2011
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25. Die Zerstörung mitochondrialer Strukturen der Skelettmuskulatur als zentraler Bestandteil im Pathomechanismus des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus
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Oberbach, A, primary, Lehmann, S, additional, Till, H, additional, Schlichting, N, additional, Kovacs, P, additional, Schleinitz, D, additional, Breitfeld, J, additional, Binder, H, additional, Wirth, H, additional, Bergen, M von, additional, Fitzl, G, additional, Neuhaus, J, additional, and Blüher, M, additional
- Published
- 2010
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26. P773 Uric acid regulates multiple interacting major cellular pathways in human aortic endothelial cells: a global proteome approach.
- Author
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Oberbach, A, Adams, V, Schlichting, N, Jehmich, N, Voelker, U, Mohr, FW, and Neuhaus, J
- Subjects
URIC acid ,CELLULAR pathology ,AORTIC coarctation ,ENDOTHELIAL cells ,PROTEOMICS ,OXIDATIVE stress ,NITROTYROSINE - Abstract
Background: Uric acid (UA) is the end product of the purine metabolism and hyperuricemia has been identified as one major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Lowering of serum UA levels seems to improve endothelial dysfunction. Though UA is a potent anti-oxidant it can also induce oxidative stress after entering the endothelial cells via urate transporters. There is growing evidence for multiple UA action on various other cellular pathways contributing to the adverse effects of high UA serum concentrations.Materials and Methods: In this study we sought to elucidate concentration-dependent effects of UA (100 μM, 300 μM, 500 μM) on human aortic endothelial cells. We used NanoLC-MS/MS to analyse protein lysates of HAEC after UA stimulation and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to reveal putative cellular pathways regulated by UA. For validation purposes we measured the abundance or activity of key proteins prototypic for the identified pathway using ELISA, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and quantified NO production by DAF confocal lasermicroscopy.Results: Our global proteome shot-gun approach and IPA identified ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and eIF4 signalling as the major pathways regulated by UA. Further k-means clustering analysis revealed 11 additional pathways, of which we further validated: NOS signalling, superoxide signalling and hypoxia as the most interesting pathways in respect to endothelial function. We found a complex regulatory network between those pathways demonstrating that 500 μM UA, which is well above the concentration regarded as pathological in clinical settings, leads to diminishing of NO bioavailability. Abatement of NO was accompanied by an increase of eNOS activity but up-regulation of oxidative stress and increase of nitrotyrosinylated proteins (NTP). These finding speak in favour for a drainage of the NO pool to NTP. In addition we found down-regulation of eIF4 and up-regulation of UPS demonstrating the impact of high UA concentrations on HAEC.Conclusions: In summary our data indicate that the control of UA levels is of utmost importance for the cellular homeostasis of endothelial cells. Therefore, consequent hyperuricemia therapy is necessary to counteract cardiovascular strain by elevated sUA levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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27. In box. Practical ethics: time to start blogging?
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Pyne M and Schlichting N
- Published
- 2007
28. Doc dilemma.
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Haugh R, Schlichting N, and Schoenhard B
- Published
- 2006
29. Prediction of sensorimotor contingencies generates saccadic omission.
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Pomè A, Schlichting N, Fritz C, and Zimmermann E
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- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, Young Adult, Contrast Sensitivity physiology, Motion Perception physiology, Visual Perception physiology, Photic Stimulation, Saccades physiology
- Abstract
With every movement of our eyes, the visual receptors in the retina are swiped across the visual scene. Saccades are the fastest and most frequent movements we perform, yet we remain unaware of the self-produced visual motion. Previous research has tried to identify a dedicated suppression mechanism that either actively or passively cancels vision at the time of saccades.
1 Here, we investigated a novel theory, which states that saccadic omission results from habituation to the predicted sensory consequences of our own actions. We experimentally induced novel, i.e., artificial visual consequences of saccade performance by presenting gratings that were drifting faster than the flicker fusion frequency and that became visible only when participants performed saccades. We asked participants to perform more than 100 saccades in each session across these gratings to make the novel contingencies predictable for the sensorimotor system. We found that contrast sensitivity for intra-saccadic motion declined drastically after repeated exposure of such motion. The reduction in sensitivity was even specific to the saccade vector performed in habituation trials. Moreover, when subjects performed the same task in fixation, no reduction in sensitivity was observed. In a motion speed comparison task, we found that the reduction in contrast sensitivity is the consequence of silencing-predicted intra-saccadic visual motion. Our data demonstrate that the sensorimotor system selectively habituates to recurring intra-saccadic visual motion, suggesting an efficient prediction mechanism of visual stability., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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30. Motor variability modulates calibration of precisely timed movements.
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Schlichting N, Fritz C, and Zimmermann E
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Interacting with the environment often requires precisely timed movements, challenging the brain to minimize the detrimental impact of neural noise. Recent research demonstrates that the brain exploits the variability of its temporal estimates and recalibrates perception accordingly. Time-critical movements, however, contain a sensory measurement and a motor stage. The brain must have knowledge of both in order to avoid maladapted behavior. By manipulating sensory and motor variability, we show that the sensorimotor system recalibrates sensory and motor uncertainty separately. Serial dependencies between observed interval durations in the previous and motor reproductions in the current trial were weighted by the variability of movements. These serial dependencies generalized across different effectors, but not to a visual discrimination task. Our results suggest that the brain has accurate knowledge about contributions of motor uncertainty to errors in temporal movements. This knowledge about motor uncertainty seems to be processed separately from knowledge about sensory uncertainty., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2023
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31. Four decades of experience of prosthetic valve endocarditis reflect a high variety of diverse pathogens.
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Oberbach A, Schlichting N, Hagl C, Lehmann S, Kullnick Y, Friedrich M, Köhl U, Horn F, Kumbhari V, Löffler B, Schmidt F, Joskowiak D, Born F, Saha S, and Bagaev E
- Subjects
- Humans, Echocardiography, Endocarditis, Bacterial diagnosis, Endocarditis, Bacterial drug therapy, Endocarditis, Bacterial epidemiology, Heart Valve Prosthesis microbiology, Endocarditis, Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Staphylococcal Infections therapy
- Abstract
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) remains a serious condition with a high mortality rate. Precise identification of the PVE-associated pathogen/s and their virulence is essential for successful therapy and patient survival. The commonly described PVE-associated pathogens are staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequently diagnosed species. Furthermore, multi-drug resistance pathogens are increasing in prevalence and continue to pose new challenges mandating a personalized approach. Blood cultures in combination with echocardiography are the most common methods to diagnose PVE, often being the only indication, it exists. In many cases, the diagnostic strategy recommended in the clinical guidelines does not identify the precise microbial agent, and frequently, false-negative blood cultures are reported. Despite the fact that blood culture findings are not always a good indicator of the actual PVE agent in the valve tissue, only a minority of re-operated prostheses are subjected to microbiological diagnostic evaluation. In this review, we focus on the diversity and the complete spectrum of PVE-associated bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in blood and prosthetic heart valve, their possible virulence potential, and their challenges in making a microbial diagnosis. We are curious to understand if the unacceptable high mortality of PVE is associated with the high number of negative microbial findings in connection with a possible PVE. Herein, we discuss the possibilities and limits of the diagnostic methods conventionally used and make recommendations for enhanced pathogen identification. We also show possible virulence factors of the most common PVE-associated pathogens and their clinical effects. Based on blood culture, molecular biological diagnostics, and specific valve examination, better derivations for the antibiotic therapy as well as possible preventive intervention can be established in the future., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: There is no conflicts of interest of the authors who worked on this publication., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
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32. Increased scene complexity during free visual exploration reveals residual unilateral neglect in recovered stroke patients.
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Knoppe K, Schlichting N, Schmidt-Wilcke T, and Zimmermann E
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- Humans, Visual Perception, Brain, Cognition, Functional Laterality, Space Perception, Perceptual Disorders psychology, Stroke complications, Stroke psychology
- Abstract
Unilateral neglect is a common cognitive syndrome after stroke, which is defined as a spatially specific unawareness of the contralesional space. The syndrome is caused by disruptions of attentional networks in the brain, which impair the patients' ability to direct attention towards the contralesional space. During recovery, patients often learn to compensate by voluntarily directing their attention to the neglected side at the expense of cognitive resources. In this study, we examined the impact of the complexity of visual input on free visual exploration behavior of unilateral neglect and apparently recovered patients. We asked whether increasing scene complexity would allow the detection of residual unilateral neglect in recovered patients by increasing the amount of cognitive resources needed for visual processing and limiting capacities for compensation. Using virtual reality, we analyzed the spatial distribution of gaze of unilateral neglect patients, patients who had, according to conventional diagnostics, recovered from the syndrome, stroke patients with no history of unilateral neglect, and age-matched healthy controls. We manipulated the complexity of an immersive virtual scene presented on head mounted displays. We identified the orientation bias towards the ipsilesional side as a sensitive and specific marker of unilateral neglect, which was present in unilateral neglect and recovered patients but absent in stroke patients with no history of unilateral neglect and controls. Increasing scene complexity exacerbated the orientation shift in unilateral neglect patients and revealed that three out of nine (33%) recovered patients had a high probability of suffering from residual unilateral neglect as estimated by a generalized linear model using the median horizontal gaze position as a predictor., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Addendum: Implicit learning of temporal behavior in complex dynamic environments.
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Salet JM, Schlichting N, Kruijne W, and van Rijn H
- Subjects
- Humans, Learning
- Abstract
New analyses of the data in this study (Salet et al., 2021, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01873-x ) have led us to reinterpret our main finding. Previously, we had attributed better performance for targets appearing at regular intervals versus irregular intervals to "temporal statistical learning." That is, we surmised that this benefit for the regular intervals arises because participants implicitly distilled the regular 3000 ms interval from the otherwise variable environment (i.e., irregular intervals) to predict future (regular) targets. The analyses presented in this Addendum, however, show that this benefit can be attributed to ongoing "temporal preparation" rather than temporal statistical learning., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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34. Intraoperative intracardiac thrombus in liver transplantation: A 9-year retrospective review focusing on treatment and outcomes.
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Fagelman E, Wang R, Tomlinson A, Romano D, Schlichting N, Zerillo J, DeMaria S Jr, and Smith NK
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- Adult, Echocardiography, Transesophageal adverse effects, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Sodium, Treatment Outcome, Anesthetics, End Stage Liver Disease complications, Heart Diseases epidemiology, Heart Diseases etiology, Heart Diseases surgery, Hemostatics, Liver Transplantation adverse effects, Thrombosis diagnosis, Thrombosis epidemiology, Thrombosis etiology
- Abstract
This study characterizes incidence and outcomes surrounding intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) during liver transplantation over 9 years at a single center before and after the routine use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Adult liver transplantation patients from 2011 to 2020 were divided into eras based on routine TEE use. ICTs were identified by querying anesthetic records for search terms. Descriptive statistics included counts and proportions for baseline recipient, donor, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics. Outcome data were based on date of hospital discharge and date of death. The incidence of ICT increased in the TEE era (2016-2020) compared with the pre-TEE era (2011-2015; 3.7% [25/685] vs. 1.9% [9/491]; p < 0.001). Patients with ICT had significantly higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-sodium (MELD-Na) scores, pretransplant hospitalization, malignancy, drug-induced liver injury, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, reperfusion syndrome, transfused platelets and cryoprecipitate, and use of hemostatic medications. A higher proportion of patients in the ICT group underwent simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. The patients with ICT were similar, except patients in the pre-TEE era had higher MELD-Na scores and incidences of hepatitis C virus and lower incidences of encephalopathy. In the pre-TEE era, all ICTs presented as intraoperative cardiac arrest, and the 30-day mortality in the setting of ICT was 66.7% (6/9). During the TEE era, 80% of ICTs were diagnosed incidentally or attributed to hemodynamic instability (p = 0.002). The 30-day mortality rate was 36% (9/25) in the TEE era (p = 0.25). ICT incidence increased in the TEE era, yet the mortality rate was lower, suggesting that routine intraoperative TEE may lead to the early detection of ICT prior to hemodynamic collapse., (© 2022 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
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- 2022
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35. Surgery for Aortic Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis in the Transcatheter Era.
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Saha S, Ali A, Schnackenburg P, Horke KM, Oberbach A, Schlichting N, Sadoni S, Rizas K, Braun D, Luehr M, Bagaev E, Hagl C, and Joskowiak D
- Abstract
Objectives : As surgical experience with infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement is scarce, this study compared the perioperative and short-term outcomes of patients suffering from endocarditis following surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods : Between January 2013 and December 2020, 468 consecutive patients were admitted to our center for surgery for IE. Among them, 98 were operated on for endocarditis following surgical aortic valve replacement and 22 for endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Results : The median EuroSCORE II (52.1 (40.6-62.0) v/s 45.4 (32.6-58.1), p = 0.207) and STS-PROM (1.8 (1.6-2.1) v/s 1.9 (1.4-2.2), p = 0.622) were comparable. Endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement accounted for 13.7% of the aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis between 2013 and 2015; this increased to 26.9% in the years 2019 and 2020.Concomitant procedures were performed in 35 patients (29.2%). The operative mortality was 26.5% in the endocarditis following surgical aortic valve replacement group and 9.1% in the endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement group ( p = 0.098). Upon follow-up, survival at 6 months was found to be 98% in the group with endocarditis following surgical aortic valve replacement and 89% in the group with endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( p = 0.081). Conclusions : Patients suffering from endocarditis following surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement present with comparable risk profiles and can be surgically treated with comparable results. Surgery as a curative option should not be rejected even in this intermediate-risk cohort.
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- 2022
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36. HyperXpress: Rapid Single Vessel DNA Assembly and Protein Production in Microliterscale.
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Zibulski DL, Schlichting N, and Kabisch J
- Abstract
Rapid prototyping of biological functions has the common aim of generating, screening, and selecting variant libraries as quickly as possible. This approach is now to be extended by the HyperXpress workflow, which connects ligase cycling reaction for DNA assembly, multiply-primed rolling circle amplification for signal amplification, and cell-free protein synthesis to a single vessel reaction in the lower µl scale. After substantial optimization of the method a proof-of-principle demonstrating the high flexibility of HyperXpress for semi-rational protein engineering by expanding, reducing, and replacing β -strands of three different green fluorescent proteins is described. These single-day experiments resulted in six functional, new-to-nature GFP prototypes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. TU Darmstadt has applied for a patent in the name of the authors of this publication (EP 21155857.2, pending) covering aspects of the method described in the supplemental protocol., (Copyright © 2022 Zibulski, Schlichting and Kabisch.)
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- 2022
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37. Temporal perturbations cause movement-context independent but modality specific sensorimotor adaptation.
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Schlichting N, Kartashova T, Wiesing M, and Zimmermann E
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- Adaptation, Physiological, Humans, Movement, Psychomotor Performance, Virtual Reality
- Abstract
Complex, goal-directed and time-critical movements require the processing of temporal features in sensory information as well as the fine-tuned temporal interplay of several effectors. Temporal estimates used to produce such behavior may thus be obtained through perceptual or motor processes. To disentangle the two options, we tested whether adaptation to a temporal perturbation in an interval reproduction task transfers to interval reproduction tasks with varying sensory information (visual appearance of targets, modality, and virtual reality [VR] environment or real-world) or varying movement types (continuous arm movements or brief clicking movements). Halfway through the experiments we introduced a temporal perturbation, such that continuous pointing movements were artificially slowed down in VR, causing participants to adapt their behavior to sustain performance. In four experiments, we found that sensorimotor adaptation to temporal perturbations is independent of environment context and movement type, but modality specific. Our findings suggest that motor errors induced by temporal sensorimotor adaptation affect the modality specific perceptual processing of temporal estimates.
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- 2022
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38. Gastric Mucosal Devitalization (GMD): Using the Porcine Model to Develop a Novel Endoscopic Bariatric Approach.
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Itani MI, Oberbach A, Salimian KJ, Enderle M, Hahn H, Abbarh S, Kendrick K, Schlichting N, Anders RA, Besharati S, Farha J, Fayad L, Kalloo AN, Badurdeen D, and Kumbhari V
- Subjects
- Animals, Gastrectomy methods, Gastric Mucosa surgery, Humans, Stomach surgery, Swine, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Laparoscopy, Obesity, Morbid surgery
- Abstract
Background and Aims: As the pig model has similar gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology to humans, we used pigs to create a gastric mucosal devitalization (GMD) model in preparation for clinical translation of this technique as an endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT). The aims of this study were to determine the ablation parameters and technique for a successful, safe, and feasible large surface area GMD that produces weight loss., Methods: We performed GMD using argon plasma coagulation (APC) in 3 phases. Phase 1 assessed the ablation energy required to accomplish selective mucosal ablation using ex vivo pig stomachs (n = 2). Phase 2 assessed the optimal percentage of mucosal surface area to be treated and was performed on 10 pigs. Phase 3 assessed feasibility, efficacy, and safety with 8 pigs randomized into GMD (n = 4) or sham (SH, n = 4) and survived for 1 month. Body weights (GMD, n = 4, SH, n = 4) were measured daily in phase 3 for 1 month, and relative body weights were calculated and analyzed using one-tailed Student's t-test. Percent body fat was compared between GMD and SH at baseline and 1 month post-GMD., Results: Phase 1 identified the optimal ablation parameters (120 W) that were then used in phase 2. Phase 2 revealed a trend that was suggestive that the optimal percent surface area to ablate was similar to that which is removed at laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. In phase 3, GMD was performed over 70% surface area of the greater curvature of the stomach in four pigs. GMD pigs had significantly lower relative body weight increase compared to SH at 1 month (1.375 ± 0.085 vs 1.575 ± 0.047, p = 0.0435). MRI showed a significantly lower body fat mass at 1 month in GMD pigs (5.9 ± 0.4% vs 12.7 ± 2.3%, p = 0.026) compared to SH., Conclusions: GMD resulted in decreased weight gain in the GMD group as evidenced by a lower relative body weight at 1 month. GMD in an animal model appears to show promise as a potential weight loss therapy., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2022
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39. Temporal Context Actively Shapes EEG Signatures of Time Perception.
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Damsma A, Schlichting N, and van Rijn H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Brain physiology, Time Perception physiology
- Abstract
Our subjective perception of time is optimized to temporal regularities in the environment. This is illustrated by the central tendency effect: When estimating a range of intervals, short intervals are overestimated, whereas long intervals are underestimated to reduce the overall estimation error. Most models of interval timing ascribe this effect to the weighting of the current interval with previous memory traces after the interval has been perceived. Alternatively, the perception of the duration could already be flexibly tuned to its temporal context. We investigated this hypothesis using an interval reproduction task in which human participants (both sexes) reproduced a shorter and longer interval range. As expected, reproductions were biased toward the subjective mean of each presented range. EEG analyses showed that temporal context indeed affected neural dynamics during the perception phase. Specifically, longer previous durations decreased contingent negative variation and P2 amplitude and increased beta power. In addition, multivariate pattern analysis showed that it is possible to decode context from the transient EEG signal quickly after both onset and offset of the perception phase. Together, these results suggest that temporal context creates dynamic expectations which actively affect the perception of duration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The subjective sense of duration does not arise in isolation, but is informed by previous experiences. This is demonstrated by abundant evidence showing that the production of duration estimates is biased toward previously experienced time intervals. However, it is yet unknown whether this temporal context actively affects perception or only asserts its influence in later, postperceptual stages as proposed by most current formal models of this task. Using an interval reproduction task, we show that EEG signatures flexibly adapt to the temporal context during perceptual encoding. Furthermore, interval history can be decoded from the transient EEG signal even when the current duration was identical. Thus, our results demonstrate that context actively influences perception., (Copyright © 2021 the authors.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Quantification of Multiple Bacteria in Calcified Structural Valvular Heart Disease.
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Oberbach A, Schlichting N, Friedrich M, Lehmann S, Kullnick Y, Pichlmaier M, Hagl C, and Bagaev E
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Calcinosis diagnosis, DNA, Bacterial classification, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Endocarditis, Bacterial diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Bacteria isolation & purification, Calcinosis microbiology, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Endocarditis, Bacterial microbiology, Heart Valves microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ribotyping
- Abstract
Genome studies of heart valve tissue (HVT) in patients with structural valvular heart disease (sVHD) and acute infective endocarditis (aIE) showed polymicrobial infections. Subject of this study is the quantification of bacterial DNA in HVT of sVHD in comparison to aIE. It will be examined whether the bacterial DNA concentration can be used as surrogate marker to differentiate chronic and acute infections. DNA was isolated from HVT of 100 patients with sVHD and 23 microbiologically positively tested patients with aIE. Selected pathogens (Cutibacterium acnes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Clostridium difficile, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were quantified using TaqMan-qPCR. Polymicrobial infiltration of HVT was investigated by immunohistologic methods. Of 100 sVHD patients, 94 tested positive for bacteria by 16S-rDNA and 72 by TaqMan-qPCR. In 29% of the sVHD cohort and in 70% of the aIE cohort, a coinfection with more than 2 bacteria was observed as indication of a polymicrobial infection. The most common pathogens in the sVHD patients were C. acnes (59%; 5-4074 pg/mL), E. faecalis (16%, 174-2781 pg/mL), and S. aureus (15%, 8-105 pg/mL). The DNA concentration of E. faecalis (P = 0.0285) and S. aureus (P = 0.0149) is significantly lower in the sVHD cohort than in the aIE cohort. sVHD is associated with bacterial infection and infiltration of the HVT in a majority of cases. TaqMan-qPCR is a valid instrument for the specific detection of bacteria in HVT and allows discrimination between sVHD and aIE for E. faecalis and S. aureus., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
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41. Performance-informed EEG analysis reveals mixed evidence for EEG signatures unique to the processing of time.
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Schlichting N, de Jong R, and van Rijn H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Brain physiology, Individuality, Judgment physiology, Time Perception physiology
- Abstract
Certain EEG components (e.g., the contingent negative variation, CNV, or beta oscillations) have been linked to the perception of temporal magnitudes specifically. However, it is as of yet unclear whether these EEG components are really unique to time perception or reflect the perception of magnitudes in general. In the current study we recorded EEG while participants had to make judgments about duration (time condition) or numerosity (number condition) in a comparison task. This design allowed us to directly compare EEG signals between the processing of time and number. Stimuli consisted of a series of blue dots appearing and disappearing dynamically on a black screen. Each stimulus was characterized by its duration and the total number of dots that it consisted of. Because it is known that tasks like these elicit perceptual interference effects that we used a maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure to determine, for each participant and dimension separately, to what extent time and numerosity information were taken into account when making a judgement in an extensive post hoc analysis. This approach enabled us to capture individual differences in behavioral performance and, based on the MLE estimates, to select a subset of participants who suppressed task-irrelevant information. Even for this subset of participants, who showed no or only small interference effects and thus were thought to truly process temporal information in the time condition and numerosity information in the number condition, we found CNV patterns in the time-domain EEG signals for both tasks that was more pronounced in the time-task. We found no substantial evidence for differences between the processing of temporal and numerical information in the time-frequency domain.
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- 2020
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42. Bacterial infiltration in structural heart valve disease.
- Author
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Oberbach A, Friedrich M, Lehmann S, Schlichting N, Kullnick Y, Gräber S, Buschmann T, Hagl C, and Bagaev E
- Abstract
Objectives: The pathology of structural valvular heart disease (sVHD) ranges from basic diseases of rheumatologic origin to chronic degenerative remodeling processes after acute bacterial infections. Molecular genetic methods allow detection of the complete microbial spectrum in heart valve tissues independent of microbiological cultivation. In particular, whole-metagenome analysis is a sensitive and highly specific analytical method that allows a deeper insight into the pathogenicity of the diseases. In the present study we assessed the pathogen spectrum in heart valve tissue from 25 sVHD patients using molecular and microbiological methods., Methods: Twenty-five sVHD patients were selected randomly from an observational cohort study (March 2016 to January 2017). The explanted native heart valves were examined using microbiological methods and immunohistological structural analysis. In addition, the bacterial metagenome of the heart valve tissue was determined using next-generation sequencing., Results: The use of sonication as a pretreatment of valve tissue from 4 sVHD patients permitted successful detection of Clostridium difficile, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus using microbial cultivation. Histological staining revealed intramural localization. Metagenome analysis identified a higher rate of bacterial infiltration in 52% of cases. The pathogen spectrum included both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria., Conclusions: Microbiological and molecular biological studies are necessary to detect the spectrum of bacteria in a calcified heart valve. Metagenome analysis is a valid method to gain new insight into the polymicrobial pathophysiology of sVHD. Our results suggest that an undetected proportion of sVHD might be triggered by chronic inflammation or influenced by secondary bacterial infiltration., (Copyright © 2019 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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43. Gastric mucosal devitalization improves blood pressure, renin and cardiovascular lipid deposition in a rat model of obesity.
- Author
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Oberbach A, Schlichting N, Kullnick Y, Heinrich M, Lehmann S, Retschlag U, Friedrich M, Fayad L, Dietrich A, Khashab MA, Kalloo AN, and Kumbhari V
- Abstract
Background and study aims In lieu of the drawbacks of metabolic surgery, a method of mimicking resection of the gastric mucosa could be of value to those with obesity-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our study aims to investigate the effect of gastric mucosal devitalization (GMD) on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular lipid deposition in a rat model of obesity. Methods GMD of 70 % of the stomach was achieved by argon plasma coagulation. GMD was compared to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and sham (SH) in a high-fat-diet-induced rat model of obesity (48 rats). At 8 weeks, we measured noninvasive BP, renin, vessel relaxation and ghrelin receptor regulation in the aorta. In addition, we quantified cardiac lipid deposition and lipid droplet deposition in cardiac muscle and aorta. Results GMD and SG were observed to have similar reductions in body weight, visceral adiposity, and serum lipid profile compared to SH rats. GMD resulted in a significant reduction in arterial BP compared to SH. Furthermore, there were significant reductions in plasma renin activity and percentage of phenylnephrine constriction to acetylcholine at the aortic ring in GMD rats compared to SH, providing insights into the mechanisms behind the reduced BP. Interestingly, the reduced BP occurred despite a reduction in endothelial ghrelin recteptor activation. Cardiac lipid content was significantly reduced in GMD rats. Lipid deposition, as illustrated by Nile Red stain, was reduced in cardiac muscle and the aorta. Conclusion GMD resulted in a significant improvement in BP, renin and cardiovascular lipid deposition. GMD deserves further attention as a method of treating obesity-related CVD., Competing Interests: Competing interests Dr. Kumbhari is a consultant for Apollo Endosurgery, Medtronic, ReShape Lifesciences, Boston Scientific and Pentax. He has also received research support from Apollo Endosurgery and ERBE. Mouen A. Khashab is on the medical advisory board for Boston Scientific and Olympus America and is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Olympus America, and Medtronic. Anthony N Kalloo is a founding member, equity holder, and consultant for Apollo Endosurgery.
- Published
- 2019
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44. Letters to the Editor.
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Miller J, Kim S, Adelmann D, Hill B, Schlichting N, Smith N, DeMaria S Jr, and Zerillo J
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- Blood Transfusion, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Bibliometrics, Hypotension
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- 2019
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45. Profound Intraoperative Hypotension Associated With Transfusion via the Belmont Fluid Management System.
- Author
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Miller J, Kim S, Adelmann D, Hill B, Schlichting N, Smith N, DeMaria S Jr, and Zerillo J
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Blood Transfusion trends, Female, Fluid Therapy trends, Humans, Intraoperative Complications therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Transfusion Reaction therapy, Fluid Therapy adverse effects, Intraoperative Complications diagnosis, Intraoperative Complications etiology, Transfusion Reaction diagnosis, Transfusion Reaction etiology
- Abstract
This retrospective observational case series conducted at 2 large academic centers over a 4-year period consists of 15 cases of profound hypotension in surgical patients immediately after initiation of the Belmont Fluid Management System for rapid transfusion of blood products. Halting the infusion and administering vasoactive agents led to resolution of hypotension. Repeat transfusion with the Belmont system resulted in repeat hypotension unless counteracted with vasopressors. No etiology was elucidated. This represents the largest documented association of acute hypotensive transfusion reaction with any rapid infusion system in surgical patients.
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- 2019
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46. Optimization of the experimental parameters of the ligase cycling reaction.
- Author
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Schlichting N, Reinhardt F, Jager S, Schmidt M, and Kabisch J
- Abstract
The ligase cycling reaction (LCR) is a scarless and efficient method to assemble plasmids from fragments of DNA. This assembly method is based on the hybridization of DNA fragments with complementary oligonucleotides, so-called bridging oligos (BOs), and an experimental procedure of thermal denaturation, annealing and ligation. In this study, we explore the effect of molecular crosstalk of BOs and various experimental parameters on the LCR by utilizing a fluorescence-based screening system. The results indicate an impact of the melting temperatures of BOs on the overall success of the LCR assembly. Secondary structure inhibitors, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and betaine, are shown to negatively impact the number of correctly assembled plasmids. Adjustments of the annealing, ligation and BO-melting temperature further improved the LCR. The optimized LCR was confirmed by validation experiments. Based on these findings, a step-by-step protocol is offered within this study to ensure a routine for high efficient LCR assemblies., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.)
- Published
- 2019
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47. Eliciting contextual temporal calibration: The effect of bottom-up and top-down information in reproduction tasks.
- Author
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Maaß SC, Schlichting N, and van Rijn H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Calibration, Female, Humans, Male, Random Allocation, Reproducibility of Results, Time Factors, Young Adult, Acoustic Stimulation methods, Cues, Photic Stimulation methods, Psychomotor Performance physiology
- Abstract
Bayesian integration assumes that a current observation is integrated with previous observations. An example in the temporal domain is the central tendency effect: when a range of durations is presented, a regression towards the mean is observed. Furthermore, a context effect emerges if a partially overlapping lower and a higher range of durations is presented in a blocked design, with the overlapping durations pulled towards the mean duration of the block. We determine under which conditions this context effect is observed, and whether explicit cues strengthen the effect. Each block contained either two or three durations, with one duration present in both blocks. We provided either no information at the start of each block about the nature of that block, provided written ("short" / "long" or "A" / "B") categorizations, or operationalized pitch (low vs high) to reflect the temporal context. We demonstrate that (1) the context effect emerges as long as sufficiently distinct durations are presented; (2) the effect is not modulated by explicit instructions or other cues; (3) just a single additional duration is sufficient to produce a context effect. Taken together, these results provide information on the most efficient operationalization to evoke the context effect, allowing for highly economical experimental designs, and highlights the automaticity by which priors are constructed., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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48. Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Noteworthy Literature in 2018.
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Smith NK, Zerillo J, Schlichting N, and Sakai T
- Subjects
- Humans, Intestines transplantation, Kidney Transplantation methods, Liver Transplantation methods, Pancreas Transplantation methods
- Abstract
A PubMed search revealed 1382 articles on pancreatic transplantation, 781 on intestinal transplantation, more than 7200 on kidney transplantation, and more than 5500 on liver transplantation published between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. After narrowing the list down to human studies, 436 pancreatic, 302 intestinal, 1920 liver, and more than 2000 kidney transplantation studies were screened for inclusion in this review.
- Published
- 2019
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49. Robustness of individual differences in temporal interference effects.
- Author
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Schlichting N, de Jong R, and van Rijn H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Time Factors, Young Adult, Individuality, Judgment, Mathematical Concepts, Time Perception, Visual Perception
- Abstract
Magnitudes or quantities of the different dimensions that define a stimulus (e.g., space, speed or numerosity) influence the perceived duration of that stimulus, a phenomenon known as (temporal) interference effects. This complicates studying the neurobiological foundation of the perception of time, as any signatures of temporal processing are tainted by interfering dimensions. In earlier work, in which judgements on either time or numerosity were made while EEG was recorded, we used Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to estimate, for each participant separately, the influence of temporal and numerical information on making duration or numerosity judgements. We found large individual differences in the estimated magnitudes, but ML-estimates allowed us to partial out interference effects. However, for such analyses, it is essential that estimates are meaningful and stable. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the reliability of the MLE procedure by comparing the interference magnitudes estimated in two sessions, spread a week apart. In addition to the standard paradigm, we also presented task variants in which the interfering dimension was manipulated, to assess which aspects of the numerosity dimension exert the largest influence on temporal processing. The results indicate that individual interference magnitudes are stable, both between sessions and over tasks. Further, the ML-estimates of the time-numerosity judgement tasks were predictive of performance in a standard temporal judgement task. Thus, how much temporal information participants use in time estimations tasks seems to be a stable trait that can be captured with the MLE procedure. ML-estimates are, however, not predictive of performance in other interference-tasks, here operationalized by a numerical Stroop task. Taken together, the MLE procedure is a reliable tool to quantify individual differences in magnitude interference effects and can therefore reliably inform the analysis of neuroimaging data when contrasts are needed between the accumulation of a temporal and an interfering dimension., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
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50. Gastric mucosal devitalization is safe and effective in reducing body weight and visceral adiposity in a porcine model.
- Author
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Kumbhari V, Lehmann S, Schlichting N, Heinrich M, Kullnick Y, Retschlag U, Enderle M, Dietrich A, Khashab MA, Kalloo AN, and Oberbach A
- Subjects
- Animals, Bariatric Surgery, Feasibility Studies, Gastrectomy, Gastric Mucosa pathology, Gastroscopy, Ghrelin blood, Intra-Abdominal Fat diagnostic imaging, Intra-Abdominal Fat pathology, Lipid Metabolism, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Myocardium metabolism, Myocardium pathology, Obesity blood, Obesity metabolism, Organ Size, Random Allocation, Regeneration, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal diagnostic imaging, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal pathology, Swine, Adiposity, Argon Plasma Coagulation methods, Body Weight, Gastric Mucosa surgery, Obesity surgery, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Background and Aims: The early improvement in metabolic profile after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) indicates that the significant benefits of metabolic surgery are gastric in origin. We have previously demonstrated that devitalization of the gastric mucosa (without a reduction in gastric volume) in metabolically disturbed obese rats results in an improvement of obesity and its associated comorbidities. The aims of this study were to assess the technical feasibility, efficacy, and safety of gastric mucosal devitalization (GMD) in a large animal (porcine) model., Methods: A 3-arm (GMD versus SG versus sham [SH]) prospective randomized controlled trial with an 8-week follow-up period was performed. The primary endpoint was relative weight loss. Secondary endpoints were absolute body weight, abdominal visceral adiposity, abdominal subcutaneous adiposity, organ lipid content, and serum ghrelin level., Results: GMD resulted in a significant relative weight loss of 36% over SH at 8 weeks (P < .05). There was no significant difference in relative weight loss between GMD and SG at 4 weeks; however, SG resulted in a 29% superior relative weight loss at 8 weeks (P < .05). With regard to visceral adiposity, there was a significant benefit of GMD over SH at 8 weeks. Despite differences in relative weight loss, there was no significant difference in visceral adiposity between SG and GMD at 8 weeks. Significant improvements in GMD over SH were noted with regard to skeletal and heart muscle lipid content. GMD pigs at 8 weeks demonstrated regeneration of the gastric mucosa without ulceration or significant scarring. Despite mucosal regeneration, the abundance of serum ghrelin was significantly lower in the GMD cohort compared with the SG and SH cohorts., Conclusions: GMD was technically feasible and resulted in relative weight loss and an improvement in visceral adiposity. The benefits noted were out of proportion to what would be expected with weight loss alone., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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