Search

The aim of the current study was to describe both anatomically and cytogenetically a Schistosomus reflexus (SR) case of a Romanian Black Spotted calf. The SR was examined and the necropsy revealed a malformed foetus with chest wall exposing abdominal viscera, marked spinal inversion that produced a distinctive ventral convex curvature. The head and neck of the calf were fully formed, with a normal size and shape, covered in hair with clear colour patterns (markings) typical for the Romanian Black and White breed. All four limbs were ankylosed, there was no motion in the joints, having been orientated parallel to the mandibula and exceeding the head’s length. As well as the identification of the aetiology in developmental abnormalities in cattle is extremely difficult, with known causes of Schistosomus reflexus being conflicting and largely ambiguous, the cytogenetic investigation was carried out. The chromosomal instability identified at the malformed calf’s mother was characterized by a high rate of SCEs and could be related with the presence of different environmental toxic agents.

Grupo de Investigacion Tecnologica Agropecuaria del Bajo Cauca Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA)

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in calves from January 2012 to December 2016. Occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in neonatal calves was studied in relation to breed, sex and seasons of calving. Clinical signs were angulation of limbs and no abdominal closure. Results showed 8.41% Schistosomus reflexus in surgically intervened cows. The percentage of indigenous calves affected with Schistosomus reflexus was as high as 42.86%, and in crossbred this was 57.14%. The percent of female calves born with Schistosomus reflexus was higher (60.0%) than the males (40.0%). Maximum occurrence (42.86%) of Schistosomus reflexus was recorded in the summer followed by rainy (37.14%) and winter seasons (20.0%). Among the studied areas, highest occurrence was recorded in Mymensingh Sadar (68.57%) followed by in Patuakhali Sadar (17.14%) and Bauphal (14.29%) upazilla of Patuakhali district. However, this study provides some basic information to veterinarians, researchers and farmers about the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in calves.

Schistosomus reflexus is a rare cases of foetal anomaly observed in sheep and goat, but commonly seen in cattle. It is characterized by a marked ventral curvature of the spine and the occiput of the head lies near the sacrum. The body and chest walls are bent laterally and the thoracic and abdominal viscera are exposed.the pelvis is deformed.liver is cystic and abnormal in shape.The rumen is occasionally distended with fluid.The limb are usually ankylosed and rigid.in rare cases the limbs and head may be enclosed in a complete sac of skin.(Robert J, 1971).A one year old female goat presented with difficulty in birth since eight hours and delivered the foetus by manual traction.

The case of a 5-year-old crossbred female cat in her first gestation was presented for consultation. The cat had a stillborn present in the birth canal, which was extracted manually. A second puppy is expelled alive but was euthanized because of her clinical infeasibility. The two puppies presented a malformation in the abdominal region with exposure of some viscera, considered as Schistosomus reflexus syndrome. The radiological and necropsy diagnostic evaluation of the second puppy was performed, finding a closure defect of the abdominal midline with viscera exposure (small intestine, liver, right kidney and spleen among others). The radiological evaluation showed the eventration of abdominal organs without clear differentiation between them, kyphosis in the thoracolumbar segment, lordosis in the lumbar portion and oligodactyly in the right posterior limb., Se presenta el caso de una hembra felina de raza mestiza de 5 años en su primer parto llevada a consulta. La gata tenía un mortinato presente en el canal de parto el cual se extrae manualmente. Un segundo cachorro es expulsado vivo, pero por su la inviabilidad clínica se procedió a la eutanasia. Las dos crías presentaron una malformación en la región abdominal con exposición de algunas vísceras, considerada como el síndrome de Schistosomus reflexus. Se realizó la evaluación diagnóstica radiológica y por necropsia del segundo cachorro encontrando un defecto de cierre de la línea media abdominal con exposición de vísceras (intestino delgado, hígado, riñón derecho y bazo entre otros). En la evaluación radiológica se evidenció eventración de órganos abdominales sin diferenciación clara entre ellos, cifosis en el segmento toracolumbar, lordosis en la porción lumbar y oligodactilia en el miembro posterior derecho.

Juny

The olive ridley sea turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea), considered the most abundant sea turtle species, is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. The most important nesting areas are located in the Eastern Pacific, and congenital malformations have been previously reported in this species. The present study was conducted in a single population at El Verde beach, one of the most important nesting beaches for the species in the northwestern Mexican Pacific. The study was based on embryos that had been incubated in a controlled environment. Schistosomus reflexus syndrome (SRS) was observed in 124 of 20 257 olive ridley embryos (0.6%), comprising 124 of 400 (31%) cases of congenital malformations over a 7-month period. Affected embryos had malformations of the carapace, bridge, or plastron, resulting in exposure of the abdominal or thoracic viscera, as well as spinal malformation and abnormal positioning of limbs adjacent to the head with subsequent ankylosis. SRS phenotypes (although lethal) varied from mild to severe, although most cases were severe. SRS was mostly associated with congenital malformations in the neck (short neck, 80%), tail (anury, 38%), and flippers (different types of dysmelias, 53%). In most cases of severe SRS, ankyloses were present. Documenting these findings could be important to identify the cause of the developmental defects, and identification of the cause of the defects may be of significance to the population and to our efforts to manage this and other populations at risk.

Se reporta un caso de Schistosomus reflexus ocurrido en una ganadería en Maní, Casanare, Colombia. El motivo de consulta fue una vaca con distocia, a la cual se le realizó examen obstétrico por palpación transvaginal, reportándose una malformación del ternero con exposición de vísceras abdominales. Se procede a realizar una cesárea y se extrae una cría muerta con inversión espinal, cierre incompleto de la pared ventral abdominal, exposición de vísceras abdominales y artrogriposis, compatible con Schistosomus reflexus. Este es el primer caso reportado de esta deformidad en bovinos en Colombia., A case of Schistosomus reflexus occurred in a cattle farm in Maní, Casanare, Colombia is reported. The reason for consultation was a cow with dystocia, who underwent obstetric examination by transvaginal palpation, reporting a malformation of the calf with exposure of abdominal viscera. A cesarean was performed and a dead calf with spinal inversion was extracted, the calf had incomplete closure of the abdominal ventral wall, exhibition of abdominal viscera and arthrogryposis, compatible with Schistosomus reflexus. This is the first reported case of this deformity in cattle in Colombia.

Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare monstrosity primarily in cattle. This fatal congenital anomaly is characterized by defect fusion that result in abdominal and sometimes thoracic viscera exposure (schistosomus), ventral curvature of the spine and curved chest walls as lateral (reflexus). The present study describes schistosomus (Fissura abdominalis) without reflexus in a Turkoman foal. The foal exhibited rupture of abdominal wall and the internal organs were exposed and outside the body. Arthrogryposis and atresia ani were other anomalies associated with SR. The occurrence of inherited anomalies is economically considerable. To the authors’ knowledge, it seems the first report of SR with atresia ani and arthrogryposis in a foal.

Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is seen most commonly in cattle, but is rare in sheep, goat and swine (Roberts et al., 1971). The highest prevalence of SR is believed to occur in cattle ranging from a low of 0.01% (Sloss and Johnston, 1967) to a high of 1.3% (Knight, 1996) of bovine dystocia. Such occurrences are costly to the cattle industry because of the reduction in the number of viable offspring, loss of milk production, infertility or prolonged inter-calving interval and expenses on management of dystocia. Schistosomus reflexus is a major congenital anomaly which occurs during embryonic development. The aetiology is unknown but it may be due to genetic factors, mutation, chromosomal anomalies, infectious agents and environmental factors or combination of all the factors (Ozsoy et al., 2009). The main defect is acute angulations of the vertebral column such that the tail lies close to the head. This fatal congenital syndrome is characterized by the presence of exposed abdominal and sometimes thoracic viscera (Noakes et al., 2002). The present case report describes dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus in a Hariana cow and its successful management through fetotomy.

Congenital anomalies, and less frequently multiple congenital anomalies, are encountered in domestic animals, which in turn may cause obstetrical problems (Noakes et al., 2002). Schistosomus reflexus is characterized by anomaly of the trunk with actual angulation of vertebral column, herniation of abdominal organs and skeleton defects leading to dystocia. Only cases that display both visceral exposure and spinal inversion are considered as true Schistosomus reflexus (Laughton et al., 2005). The condition is a type of monstrosity reported most commonly in cattle (Knight, 1996; Kalirajan and Rani, 2016; Prabaharan et al., 2016), buffalo (Kumar et al., 2012), sheep (Mukasa- Mugerwa and Bekele, 1989) and goats (Barman et al., 2010). The prevalence of Schistosomus reflexus is believed to occur in cattle from as low as 0.01% (Sloss and Johnston, 1967) to 1.3% (Knight, 1996).

Schistosomus reflexus is a rare type of congenital fetal monstrosity commonly seen in cattle and occasionally in other species (Knight, 1996). It is characterized by spinal inversion either dorsoflexion or retroflexion of vertebral column with or without ankylosis and exposure of abdominal and some time thoracic viscera (Denis and Meyer, 1965; Cavalieri and Farin, 1999; Ozcan et al., 2003). The condition belongs to the family of defects involving incomplete closure of ventral body wall (Sacchan et al., 2013). The incidence ranges from 0.01% (Sloss and Johnston, 1967) to 1.3% (Knight, 1996) of bovine dystocia. The cases that display both visceral exposure and spinal inversion are considered as true schistosomus reflexus (Roberts, 1971).

A 7.5-yr-old female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) aborted spontaneously at approximately 13 mo gestation. The fetus exhibited malformations consistent with schistosomus reflexus syndrome, including spinal inversion and ventral midline abdominal defect with externalization of abdominal viscera. A computed tomography was performed and revealed severe scoliosis, a spiral rotation of the spine, multiple vertebral anomalies, hypoplasia of multiple bones of the skull, and mild prognathism. This is the first report of schistosomus reflexus–like syndrome in a nondomestic species, and the first report to characterize these skeletal changes by three-dimensional computed tomography.

A two years' old, white and brown Yankassa ewe, weighing 20 kg was presented with dystocia of about 48 h duration at Mabs Veterinary Centre Ltd, Lagos. On thorough physical and vaginal examination, there were evidences of feotal parts and foul smelling discharges per vagina. A systematic and calculated traction and retropulsion revealed schistosomus reflexus cojoined twins. There was a complete recovery of the ewe 3 days post operative management. Finally, this case reported a true schistosomus reflexus cojoined twins in Yankassa ewe which was successfully relieved through traction and retropulsion despite the supposedly small birth canal which precluded the procedure in ewes except for caesarian section or fetotomy

Γίνeται ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας από άποψη συχνότητας και αιτιολογίας της σχιστοσωμίας (Schistosomus reflexus) στα κατοικίδια ζώα και πeριγράφeται ένα πeριστατικό δυστοκίας σe δίδυμη κυοφορία (μe ένα φυσιολογικό και ένα σχιστοσωμικό έμβρυο). Από τα αναπαραγωγικά αρχeία 210 αγeλαδοτροφικών μονάδων της πeριοχής Πeνταλόφου Θeσσαλονίκης μe ζωικό κeφάλαιο 10000 πeρίπου αγeλάδων προέκυψe ότι από τα 2050 πeριστατικά δυστοκίας που παρουσιάστηκαν κατά τη 17eτία 1982-1999 μόνον 1 (0,05%) προκλήθηκe από σχιστοσωμία και αντιμeτωπίστηκe μe καισαρική τομή.

An adult ewe weighing 34.65 kg at full term of pregnancy as per the owner was presented with the history of straining and unable to undergo the normal physiological process of lambing. Vaginal examination revealed a deformed fetus in the pelvic cavity that left insufficient room for fetal manipulation. The dystocia was relieved by caesarean section and a case of true Schistosomus reflexus (SR) in a ewe was confirmed from physical examination of the defective fetus. The ewe was under observation for four weeks. The ewe was found active on 25 days post-surgery with gain of extra 3 kg bodyweight.

Gutierrez, C., Rodriguez, J.L., Sagrera, M.C., Corbera, J.A. and Montoya, J.A. 1999. Two cases of schistosomus reflexus and two of omphalocele in the Canarian goat. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 15: 93–96. Schistosomus reflexus is a ruminant congenital abnormality whose pathogenesis is not well understood. Omphalocele is another congenital abnormality possibly related as an intermediate stage between schistosomus reflexus and umbilical hernia. This paper describes two cases of schistosomus reflexus and two of omphalocele occurred in Canary goats with estimated inbreeding coefficient between 15 and 25%. These data suggest that if schistosomus reflexus is an inherited defect as suggested by Roberts (1986), which might also occur to omphalocele, inbreeding could be a predisposing factor for their presentation.

The present manuscript reports an unusual case of schistosomus reflexus in a Hariana cow. The clinical findings include free floating viscera, mandibular prognathism, unilateral Amelia, mild hydrocephalus but lacking the typical ventral curvature of spine.

A rare case of dystocia due to schistosomus reflexus in a goat and its successful management.

Durante la realización de una cesárea en el Centro de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES se encontró un neonato de la raza Bull Terrier con signos de Schistosomus reflexus, una alteración congénita en la formación de la pared abdominal con exposición de las vísceras. El cachorro del presente reporte nació con vida y se realizó la corrección quirúrgica de la agenesia de la pared abdominal, procedimiento que le permitió su supervivencia por una semana más. El artículo describe el caso clínico de este neonato que según lo reporta la literatura, es el segundo caso de Schistosomus reflexus en un canino. During the execution of a caesarean section in the 'Centro de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES' a Bull terrier neonate with signs of Schistosomus reflexus, a congenital abnormality in the formation of the abdominal wall with exposure of the viscera, was found. The puppy of this report was born alive and the surgical correction of the abdominal agenesis was performed, which allowed its survival for a week. This article describes the clinic case of this puppy which, according to available literature, is the second Schistosomus reflexum case observed in a dog.

Durante la realización de una cesárea en el Centro de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES se encontró un neonato de la raza Bull Terrier con signos de Schistosomus reflexus, una alteración congénita en la formación de la pared abdominal con exposición de las vísceras. El cachorro del presente reporte nació con vida y se rea-lizó la corrección quirúrgica de la agenesia de la pared abdominal, procedimiento que le permitió su supervivencia por una semana más. El artículo describe el caso clínico de este neonato que según lo reporta la literatura, es el segundo caso de Schistosomus reflexus en un canino.

Many of these malformations are reported sporadically, but a few are common, and several have important clinical implications. One example is schistosomus reflexus, which is always a challenge for veteran clinicians and often baffling to inexperienced obstetricians. The recent finding that early palpation of the amniotic vesicle can cause intestinal atresia in calves is extremely significant for dairy practitioners. Finally, there is the ethical question in breeding animals--repairing defects that are thought to be genetic, such as atresia ani, scrotal hernia, and umbilical hernia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:37:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:46:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN0102-5716-2010-17-02-214-218.pdf: 354314 bytes, checksum: 0b48a6c8610ccc5830ff6a37b9e0f3a3 (MD5) O Schistosomus reflexus (SR) é uma anomalia congênita fatal e rara, primariamente observada em ruminantes, gestando um feto com dobradura da coluna vertebral, exposição das vísceras abdominais e torácicas, anquilose dos membros, hipoplasia hepática e diafragmática, escoliose e anormalidade do sistema digestório e genitourinário. Foi trazido ao Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ - UNESP – Botucatu/ SP, uma aberração congênita disforme removida por tração forçada em um parto distócico de vaca mestiça, pertencente a um criador do Município de Lençóis Paulista/ SP. Pelas características gerais e achados de necropsia foi possível concluir tratar-se de um caso raro de SR, não havendo na literatura relato de caso similar desta má formação integralmente revestida pela epiderme e derme. The Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a fatal congenital and rare aberration, found primarily in ruminants, gestating a fetus with folding of the backbone, exposure of the abdominal and thoracic viscera, ankylosis of the limbs, diaphragm and liver hypoplasia, scoliosis and abnormalities of the digestive and genitourinary systems. A deformed congenital aberration removed by forced traction in dystocia of a crossbred cow, belonging to a breeder of Lençóis Paulista/ SP city was attended in Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ - UNESP – Botucatu/ SP. Trough the general characteristics and necropsy findings we concluded that this is a rare case of SR. There are no reports about similar cases of this malformation, malformation completely covered by epidermis and dermis. El Schistosomus reflexus (SR) es una anomalía congénita fatal y rara, que se encuentra principalmente en rumiantes, gestando un feto con plegado de la columna vertebral, la exposición de las vísceras abdominales y torácicas, anquilosis de las extremidades, hipoplasia hepática y diafragmática, escoliosis y anomalías del sistemas digestivo y genitourinario. Fue llevado al Hospital Veterinario, FMVZ - UNESP - Botucatu /SP, una aberración congénita deforme removida por tracción forzada en la distocia de vaca mestiza perteneciente a un ganadero en la ciudad de Lençóis Paulista /SP. Por las características generales y resultados de la necropsia fue posible concluir que este es un caso raro de SR, no hay informes sobre casos similares de esta malformación totalmente cubiertos por la epidermis y dermis. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

An adult Dorper ewe was presented to the Large Animal Clinic with dystocia. Reddish masses were seen hanging from the vulva of the ewe. Vaginal examination revealed a deformed fetus in the pelvic cavity that left insufficient room for fetal manipulation. A tentative diagnosis of dystocia due to fetal deformity was made. The dystocia was relieved by cesarean section and a case of true schistosomus reflexus in a lamb was confirmed from physical examination of the defective fetus.

A 5-year-old Holstein-Friesian cow was presented with a primary problem of difficult in parturition (Dystocia). This was the third calving for the cow. A disoriented foetus was palpated per rectum, and on vaginal examination the head of the foetus was palpated which was ventral to the body of the foetus. A caesarotomy (caesarean section) was performed which aided in the diagnosis of a shistosomus reflexus. The shistosomus reflexus was examined grossly and the features observed were exposed abdominal organs, malformed skeleton, improperly positioned limbs which were adjacent to the head. Scoliosis (u shaped or curved spine) and this severe spinal inversion resulted in the head lying in close approximation to the sacrum.