236 results on '"Schievink WI"'
Search Results
2. Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks
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Schievink, WI, primary
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- 2008
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3. Screening for intracranial aneurysms in patients with bicuspid aortic valve.
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Schievink WI, Raissi SS, Maya MM, and Velebir A
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- 2010
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4. Screening for unruptured familial intracranial aneurysms
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Dreissen Jj, Limburg M, ter Berg Hw, Schievink Wi, and Peeters Fl
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Digital subtraction angiography ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,Surgery ,Contrast medium ,Aneurysm ,Angiography ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,Complication ,business ,Screening procedures - Abstract
The screening of asymptomatic individuals in families with intracranial aneurysms has been advocated to detect unruptured aneurysms before a major hemorrhage occurs. We report a 39-year-old male member of a large Dutch family, with a documented history of intracranial aneurysms, who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage 2 years after cerebral digital subtraction angiography using intravenously administered contrast medium showed no abnormalities. Conventional arteriography demonstrated three intracranial aneurysms measuring 3 x 3 mm. Potential alternative screening procedures are discussed.
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- 1991
5. Hemodialysis headache and presyrinx in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Schievink WI and Marcel Maya M
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- 2010
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6. Pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage: a CT-finding in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Tourje J, Moser FG, Schievink, Wouter I, Maya, M Marcel, Tourje, James, and Moser, Franklin G
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- 2005
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7. Filum ependymoma mimicking spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Schievink WI and Akopov SE
- Abstract
A 34-year-old man with a 2-week history of orthostatic headaches and a'dry tap' at lumbar puncture was found to have a lumbar intradural mass on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. A myxopapillary ependymoma was resected and the patient's headache completely resolved. The combination of spontaneous orthostatic headaches and a'dry tap' at the time of lumbar puncture does not always indicate the presence of a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and intracranial hypotension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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8. Cranial MRI predicts outcome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, and Louy C
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- 2005
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9. Recurrent spontaneous arterial dissections: risk in familial versus nonfamilial disease.
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Schievink WI, Mokri B, Piepgras DG, Kuiper JD, Schievink, W I, Mokri, B, Piepgras, D G, and Kuiper, J D
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- 1996
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10. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension as an incidental finding on MRI.
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Schievink WI, Mamelak AN, and Maya MM
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- 2012
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11. Headache relief from lateralizing head and neck positions in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Schievink WI
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- 2011
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12. Etiology of cervical artery dissections: The writing is in the wall.
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Schievink WI and Debette S
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- 2011
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13. Quadriplegia and cerebellar hemorrhage in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Schievink WI and Maya MM
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- 2006
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14. Jugular venous narrowing and spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: A case-control study exploring association and proposed mechanism.
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Manupipatpong S, Primiani CT, Fargen KM, Amans MR, Leithe L, Schievink WI, Luciano MG, and Hui FK
- Abstract
Background: Spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks (CSFLs) are associated with increased intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and hypothesized to relate to skull base erosions due to increased CSF pressure. Given the increasing recognition of internal jugular venous stenosis (IJVS) as a cause of intracranial hypertension (IH), we evaluated the relationship between spinal CSFL and venous causes of IH., Methods: The spinal CSFL database at a single institution was assessed to identify 12 consecutive spontaneous, non-traumatic spinal CSFL patients with CTV data. Exclusion criteria included documented IIH and iatrogenic CSFL. Demographics, clinical parameters, imaging characteristics, and IJV manometry results were recorded. Internal jugular venous stenosis was graded as: none (0-10%), mild (10-50%), moderate (50-80%), severe (>80-99%), and occluded (100%). Twelve consecutive patients who presented with cerebrovascular accidents without CSFL, matched by age and sex, were similarly analyzed as a control group. STROBE guidelines were used in reporting results., Results: All CSFL patients had IJVS (83.3% bilateral, 33.3% severe) compared to 41.7% of the control group (33.3% bilateral, 16.7% severe-occluded); p = 0.04. All CSFL patients with available venogram manometry data had at least unilateral IJV gradients. Most patients presented with modified Rankin score (mRS) of 1 (66.7%), but in those with higher mRS, medical and/or surgical interventions were associated with decreased morbidity., Conclusion: Spontaneous spinal CSFL was associated with IJVS in patients not meeting IIH criteria. Persistently high CSF pressure resulting in CSFL may cause opening pressure to be falsely normal or low. Internal jugular venous stenosis may be a viable target in recurrent CSFL management and improve morbidity., Competing Interests: Author contributionsFH and CP contributed to the design of the research and collection of data. SM contributed to the collection of data, analysis of the results, and writing of the manuscript, with input/contribution from KF, MA, LG, WS, ML, and FH. Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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15. De Novo Formation of Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, and Nuño M
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Spinal Cord Diseases diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord Diseases etiology, Hernia diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
We investigated whether idiopathic spinal cord herniation is a congenital or acquired condition and undertook a study to determine the risk of developing iSCH in patients with persistent ventral spinal CSF leaks. De novo formation of iSCH was established among all 6 patients with iSCH who had undergone prior spinal imaging for symptoms unrelated to iSCH. Among 51 patients with persistent ventral spinal CSF leaks, iSCH developed in 2 patients (probability increased from 0% at 5 years to 9.4% at 10 years). This study shows that iSCH is an acquired condition, and early treatment of ventral CSF leaks offers a unique opportunity to prevent neurologic disability., (© 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)
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- 2024
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16. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension mimicking iatrogenic spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
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Tay ASS, Maya MM, and Schievink WI
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Objective: To raise awareness that patients with persistent post-dural puncture headache should be considered for evaluation of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak., Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) due to a spinal CSF leak may occur following more-or-less trivial traumatic events. We report our experience with spontaneous spinal CSF leaks that occur following percutaneous or open spine procedures, a potential source of diagnostic confusion., Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, using a prospectively maintained database of patients with SIH, we identified all new patients evaluated between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, who were referred for evaluation of an iatrogenic spinal CSF leak but were found to have a spontaneous spinal CSF leak., Results: Nine (4%) of the 248 patients with SIH were originally referred for evaluation of an iatrogenic spinal CSF leak. The spinal procedures included epidural steroid injections, laminectomies, epidural anesthesia, and lumbar puncture. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed changes in intracranial hypotension in seven of the nine patients (78%). The spontaneous CSF leak was found to be at least five levels removed from the spinal procedure in all patients., Conclusions: A spontaneous spinal CSF leak should be suspected in patients with recalcitrant orthostatic headaches following a spinal procedure, even if symptoms of the leak occur within hours of the spinal procedure and especially if brain MRI is abnormal., (© 2024 American Headache Society.)
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- 2024
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17. Expounding on the Distinction between Lateral Dural Tears and Leaking Meningeal Diverticula in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
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Madhavan AA, Farb RI, Brinjikji W, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, and Schievink WI
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- Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diagnosis, Differential, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Diverticulum diagnostic imaging, Diverticulum complications, Dura Mater diagnostic imaging, Dura Mater pathology, Meninges diagnostic imaging, Meninges pathology
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- 2024
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18. Lateral Spinal CSF Leaks in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Radiologic-Anatomic Study of Different Variants.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Tay ASS, Taché RB, Prasad RS, Wadhwa V, and Nuño M
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Middle Aged, Dura Mater diagnostic imaging, Young Adult, Aged, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Myelography methods
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Spinal CSF leaks cause spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Several types of leaks have been identified, and one of these types is the lateral dural tear. Performing myelography with the patient in the decubitus position allows precise characterization of these leaks. The purpose of the current study was to describe the different variants of spontaneous lateral CSF leaks., Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a consecutive group of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension and lateral CSF leaks who underwent digital subtraction myelography in the decubitus position and underwent surgery to repair the CSF leak between July 2018 and June 2023., Results: The mean age of the 53 patients (37 women and 16 men) was 35.5 years. Three different variants of lateral CSF leak could be identified. Forty-nine patients (92.5%) had a lateral dural tear associated with the nerve root sleeve. The dural tear was at the axilla of the nerve root sleeve in 36 patients (67.9%) and at the shoulder in 13 patients (24.5%). Four patients (7.5%) had a lateral dural tear at the level of the pedicle that was not associated with the nerve root sleeve. Findings on digital subtraction myelography were concordant with intraoperative findings in all patients. An extradural CSF collection was seen in all patients with a lateral dural tear associated with the nerve root sleeve but in only 2 of the 4 patients with the pedicular variant of a lateral dural tear., Conclusions: We identified 3 variants of spontaneous lateral dural tears. Most lateral dural tears are associated with extradural CSF collections and arise from either the axilla (67.9%) or the shoulder (24.5%) of the nerve root sleeve. Lateral dural tears at the level of the pedicle (7.5%) not associated with the nerve root sleeve are uncommon and may require specialized imaging for their detection., (© 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)
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- 2024
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19. Pediatric post-dural puncture headache and paraplegia.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Taché RB, and Walker CT
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- Humans, Male, Child, Female, Adolescent, Spinal Puncture adverse effects, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Post-Dural Puncture Headache etiology, Post-Dural Puncture Headache therapy, Paraplegia etiology
- Abstract
A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak developed in a 14-year-old girl and a 12-year-old boy following a diagnostic lumbar puncture. Two days and sixteen years later, respectively, paraplegia developed due to a functional disorder. Imaging revealed an extensive extradural CSF collection in both patients and digital subtraction myelography was required to pinpoint the exact site of a ventral dural puncture hole where the lumbar spinal needle had gone "through and through" the dural sac. The CSF leak was complicated by cortical vein thrombosis in one patient. Both patients underwent uneventful surgical repair of the ventral dural puncture hole with prompt resolution of the paraplegia. Iatrogenic ventral CSF leaks may become exceptionally long standing and may be complicated by paraplegia on a functional basis both in the acute and chronic phases., (© 2024 American Headache Society.)
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- 2024
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20. Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Role of Epidural Blood Patching.
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Callen AL, Friedman DI, Parikh S, Rau JC, Schievink WI, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Amrhein TJ, Haight E, Cowan RP, Barad MJ, Hah JM, Jackson T, Deline C, Buchanan AJ, and Carroll I
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: This review focuses on the challenges of diagnosing and treating spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), a condition caused by spinal CSF leakage. It emphasizes the need for increased awareness and advocates for early and thoughtful use of empirical epidural blood patches (EBPs) in suspected cases., Recent Findings: SIH diagnosis is hindered by variable symptoms and inconsistent imaging results, including normal brain MRI and unreliable spinal opening pressures. It is crucial to consider SIH in differential diagnoses, especially in patients with connective tissue disorders. Early EBP intervention is shown to improve outcomes., Summary: SIH remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, requiring heightened awareness and understanding. This review promotes proactive EBP use in managing suspected SIH and calls for continued research to advance diagnostic and treatment methods, emphasizing the need for innovative imaging techniques for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention., Competing Interests: The authors report no relevant disclosures. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at Neurology.org/cp., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.)
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- 2024
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21. Optic Nerve Sheath MR Imaging Measurements in Patients with Orthostatic Headaches and Normal Findings on Conventional Imaging Predict the Presence of an Underlying CSF-Venous Fistula.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Tay ASS, Nisson PL, Acharya J, Taché RB, and Nuño M
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- Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Male, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Adolescent, Young Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Myelography methods, Cohort Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Optic Nerve diagnostic imaging, Optic Nerve pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Headache diagnostic imaging, Headache etiology
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks typically cause orthostatic headache, but their detection may require specialized and invasive spinal imaging. We undertook a study to determine the value of simple optic nerve sheath MR imaging measurements in predicting the likelihood of finding a CSF-venous fistula, a type of leak that cannot be detected with routine spine MR imaging or CT myelography, among patients with orthostatic headache and normal conventional brain and spine imaging findings., Materials and Methods: This cohort study included a consecutive group of patients with orthostatic headache and normal conventional brain and spine imaging findings who underwent digital subtraction myelography under general anesthesia to look for spinal CSF-venous fistulas., Results: The study group consisted of 93 patients (71 women and 22 men; mean age, 47.5 years; range, 17-84 years). Digital subtraction myelography demonstrated a CSF-venous fistula in 15 patients. The mean age of these 8 women and 7 men was 56 years (range, 23-83 years). The mean optic nerve sheath diameter was 4.0 mm, and the mean perioptic subarachnoid space was 0.5 mm in patients with a CSF-venous fistula compared with 4.9 and 1.2 mm, respectively, in patients without a fistula ( P < .001). Optimal cutoff values were found at 4.4 mm for optic nerve sheath diameter and 1.0 mm for the perioptic subarachnoid space. Fistulas were detected in about 50% of patients with optic nerve sheath diameter or perioptic subarachnoid space measurements below these cutoff values compared with <2% of patients with optic nerve sheath diameter or perioptic subarachnoid space measurements above these cutoff values. Following surgical ligation of the fistula, optic nerve sheath diameter increased from 4.0 to 5.3 mm and the perioptic subarachnoid space increased from 0.5 to 1.2 mm ( P < .001)., Conclusions: Concerns about a spinal CSF leak should not be dismissed in patients with orthostatic headache when conventional imaging findings are normal, and simple optic nerve sheath MR imaging measurements can help decide if more imaging needs to be performed in this patient population., (© 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)
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- 2024
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22. Compulsive Repetitive Flexion With Breath-Holding in Sagging Brain Syndrome.
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Schmahmann JD and Schievink WI
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Background and Objective: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) from CSF leak commonly produces headache. It also may produce sagging brain syndrome (SBS), often with neurocognitive symptoms indistinguishable from behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). The authors describe a new clinical sign that appears to be pathognomonic of SBS., Methods: We reviewed medical records and brain imaging in patients seen at our 2 centers who presented with SIH, SBS, and bvFTD symptoms., Results: There were 51 patients (12 women, 39 men) with mean age 55.5 years (range, 26-70 years). MRI showed severe brain sagging in all. Thirteen patients displayed repetitive flexion with breath-holding at the time of clinical presentation. Five patients had repetitive flexion with breath-holding, which resolved before presenting for evaluation. Thus, 35.3% (18) of 51 patients with SBS displayed seemingly compulsive repetitive flexion with breath-holding., Discussion: Compulsive repetitive flexion with breath-holding appears to be pathognomonic of SBS, deserving the acronym CoRFBiS (compulsive repetitive flexion with breath-holding in SBS). CoRFBiS should alert the clinician to SBS with SIH as the proximate cause of the clinical constellation, rather than bvFTD., Competing Interests: The authors report no relevant disclosures. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at Neurology.org/cp., (© 2024 American Academy of Neurology.)
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- 2024
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23. Spontaneous absorption of osteophytic calcification associated with chronic dural tear and ventral spinal CSF leak.
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Rohatgi VK, Robbins MS, Schievink WI, and Chazen JL
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- Humans, Female, Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Myelography adverse effects, Myelography methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging adverse effects, Osteophyte complications, Intracranial Hypotension complications, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Calcinosis diagnostic imaging
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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypovolemia, often from a traumatic dural tear from a calcified spinal osteophyte. Visualizing osteophytes on CT imaging can guide decision making on candidate leak sites. We report the atypical case of a 41-year-old woman whose ventral CSF leak was associated with an osteophyte that resorbed over an 18-month period. Full workup and treatment were delayed due to unexpected pregnancy and completion of gestational cycle with delivery of a healthy term infant. The patient initially presented with persistent orthostatic headaches with nausea and blurred vision. Initial MRI suggested brain sagging among other findings consistent with SIH. CT myelogram showed an extensive thoracic CSF leak with a prominent ventral T11-T12 osteophyte and multiple small disc herniations. The patient did not respond to epidural blood patches and deferred additional imaging due to her pregnancy. CT myelography performed 5 months post-partum showed an absence of the osteophyte; a follow-up digital subtraction myelogram performed 10 months post-partum showed evidence of source leak at T11-T12 level. T11-T12 laminectomy visualized and repaired a 5 mm ventral dural defect with symptom resolution. This report highlights the potential for a resorbed osteophyte to be the causative agent for long-standing dural tears that do not show visible calcifications on myelography., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Dr Robbins serves on the Board of Directors of the American Headache Society and the New York State Neurological Society, the editorial boards of Continuum and Current Pain and Headache Reports, and receives book royalties from Wiley.
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- 2024
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24. Superficial siderosis and the dura.
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Schievink WI
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- Humans, Dura Mater, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Siderosis diagnosis, Siderosis diagnostic imaging
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- 2024
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25. CSF-Venous Fistula of the Clival Skull Base: A Unique Case Study and Literature Review.
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Simmons JK, Nadeem W, Maya MM, Wu AW, Schievink WI, Mamelak AN, and Tang DM
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- Adolescent, Humans, Male, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Skull Base diagnostic imaging, Cranial Fossa, Posterior, Intracranial Hypotension diagnosis, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension surgery, Fistula complications
- Abstract
An adolescent male presented with orthostatic headaches following head trauma. MRI showed cerebellar tonsil displacement and a bony defect in the clival skull base. Digital subtraction myelography (DSM) confirmed a cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula (CVF). This was repaired endoscopically. CVFs cause uncontrolled flow of CSF into the venous system resulting in symptoms of intracranial hypotension. They're often difficult to identify on initial imaging. This is the first reported CVF originating in the central skull base, and the first treated via endoscopic trans-nasal approach. CVFs may elude initial imaging, making DSM crucial for unexplained spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Laryngoscope, 134:645-647, 2024., (© 2023 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)
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- 2024
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26. Endoscopic endonasal transclival clipping of a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation feeding vessel and associated aneurysm; a 2D operative video.
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Nisson PL, Palsma R, Barnard ZR, Schievink WI, and Mamelak AN
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- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Endoscopy methods, Nose pathology, Cerebellum diagnostic imaging, Cerebellum surgery, Cerebellum blood supply, Intracranial Aneurysm diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Aneurysm surgery, Intracranial Aneurysm pathology, Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebellar Diseases
- Abstract
Positioned along the ventral surface of the pons, proximal superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms account for only 1.7% of all intracranial aneurysms [1]. Unlike more commonly encountered basilar artery aneurysms, patients often experience good outcomes when treated via endovascular coiling or surgical clipping [1,2]. These lesions frequently have a lateral projection and paucity of perforator arteries [2]. With further development of endoscopic endonasal techniques, access to this region is possible via a direct frontal exposure to the ventral brainstem, basilar artery and branching vessels. To date, there are only a limited number of reports describing an endoscopic endonasal transclival (EETC) approach for surgical clipping [3-5]. In this operative video, we detail the surgical clipping of a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation feeding vessel and an associated aneurysm using the EETC approach in a 59-year-old woman who presented with sudden onset of a severe headache. The feeding vessel and aneurysm's midline location, just below the take-off of the SCA made it a good candidate for this surgery. Major steps included in this video include 1) transsphenoidal exposure of and subsequent drilling of the clivus, 2) dural opening into the pre-pontine cistern and dissection of the aneurysm, 3) clipping of the aneurysm, and 4) multi-layered closure of the skull base defect. Overall, the patient tolerated the procedure well and was found to have no residual filling of the aneurysm or the AVM feeding vessel at 2-year follow-up. EETC is a viable surgical option for the treatment of aneurysm located along the midline of the pre-pontine cistern., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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27. Tandem cranial and spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks presenting with otogenic tension pneumocephalus: illustrative case.
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Chau D, Barnard ZR, Muelleman TJ, Olszewski AM, D'Agostino AK, Maya MM, Nisson PL, Peng KA, Schievink WI, and Lekovic GP
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Background: Cranial and spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are associated with opposite CSF fluid dynamics. The differing pathophysiology between spontaneous cranial and spinal CSF leaks are, therefore, mutually exclusive in theory., Observations: A 66-year-old female presented with tension pneumocephalus. The patient underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning, which demonstrated left-sided tension pneumocephalus, with an expanding volume of air directly above a bony defect of the tegmen tympani and mastoideum. The patient underwent a left middle fossa craniotomy for repair of the tegmen CSF leak. In the week after discharge, she developed a recurrence of positional headaches and underwent head CT. Further magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and thoracic spine showed bilateral subdural hematomas and multiple meningeal diverticula., Lessons: Cranial CSF leaks are caused by intracranial hypertension and are not associated with subdural hematomas. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for intracranial hypotension due to spinal CSF leak whenever "otogenic" pneumocephalus is found. Close postoperative follow-up and clinical monitoring for symptoms of intracranial hypotension in any patients who undergo repair of a tegmen defect for otogenic pneumocephalus is recommended.
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- 2023
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28. Postoperative Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistulas Associated With Dural Tears in Patients With Intracranial Hypotension or Superficial Siderosis-A Digital Subtraction Myelography Study.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Chu RM, Perry TG, Moser FG, Taché RB, Wadhwa VS, and Prasad RS
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- Male, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Myelography adverse effects, Myelography methods, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension surgery, Siderosis diagnostic imaging, Siderosis surgery, Siderosis complications, Fistula
- Abstract
Background: Postoperative spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are common but rarely cause extensive CSF collections that require specialized imaging to detect the site of the dural breach., Objective: To investigate the use of digital subtraction myelography (DSM) for patients with extensive extradural CSF collections after spine surgery., Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify a consecutive group of patients with extensive postoperative spinal CSF leaks who underwent DSM., Results: Twenty-one patients (9 men and 12 women) were identified. The mean age was 46.7 years (range, 17-75 years). The mean duration of the postoperative CSF leak was 3.3 years (range, 3 months to 21 years). MRI showed superficial siderosis in 6 patients. DSM showed the exact location of the CSF leak in 19 (90%) of the 21 patients. These 19 patients all underwent surgery to repair the CSF leak, and the location of the CSF leak could be confirmed intraoperatively in all 19 patients. In 4 (19%) of the 21 patients, DSM also showed a CSF-venous fistula at the same location as the postoperative dural tear., Conclusion: In this study, DSM had a 90% detection rate of visualizing the exact site of the dural breach in patients with extensive postoperative spinal CSF leaks. The coexistence of a CSF-venous fistula in addition to the primary dural tear was present in about one-fifth of patients. The presence of a CSF-venous fistula should be considered if CSF leak symptoms persist in spite of successful repair of a durotomy., (Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2023. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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29. Adolescent Headache Due to Congenital Pelvic/Sacral Vascular Malformation.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, and Borst AJ
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- Humans, Adolescent, Sacrum diagnostic imaging, Sacrum abnormalities, Vascular Diseases, Vascular Malformations complications, Vascular Malformations diagnostic imaging
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- 2023
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30. Bibrachial Amyotrophy Due to Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.
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Schievink WI and Maya MM
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- Humans, Muscular Atrophy, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension
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- 2023
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31. Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis and Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Harris J, Galvan J, Taché RB, and Nuño M
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- Male, Humans, Female, Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Meninges, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Intracranial Hypotension complications, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension therapy, Siderosis complications, Siderosis diagnostic imaging, Siderosis surgery, Fistula complications
- Abstract
Objective: Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks cause intracranial hypotension (SIH) and also may cause infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS) but the rate of development among different CSF leak types and outcome of treatment are not known. We determined the time interval from SIH onset to iSS and the outcome of treatment., Methods: A total of 1,589 patients with SIH underwent neuroimaging and iSS was detected in 57 (23 men and 34 women, mean age = 41.3 years [3.6%]). We examined the type of underlying CSF leak by various imaging modalities. Percutaneous and surgical procedures were used to treat the CSF leaks., Results: The iSS was detected in 46 (10.3%) of 447 patients with ventral CSF leaks, in 2 (3.9%) of 51 patients with dural ectasia, in 5 (2.6%) of 194 patients with CSF-venous fistulas, in 4 (0.9%) of 457 patients with simple meningeal diverticula, and in none of the 101 patients with lateral CSF leaks or the 339 patients with leaks of indeterminate origin (p < 0.001). The estimated median latency period from SIH onset to iSS was 126 months. Ventral CSF leaks could not be eliminated with percutaneous procedures in any patient and surgical repair was associated with low risk (<5%) and resulted in resolution of the CSF leak in all patients in whom the exact site of the CSF leak could be determined. Other types of CSF leak were treated with percutaneous or surgical procedures., Interpretation: The iSS can develop in most types of spinal CSF leak, including CSF-venous fistulas, but mainly in chronic ventral CSF leaks, which require surgical repair. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:64-75., (© 2022 American Neurological Association.)
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- 2023
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32. The reversible impairment of behavioral variant frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome: Challenges and opportunities.
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Schievink WI, Maya M, Barnard Z, Taché RB, Prasad RS, Wadhwa VS, Moser FG, and Nuño M
- Abstract
Introduction: Due to loss of brain buoyancy, spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks cause orthostatic headaches but also can cause symptoms indistinguishable from behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) due to severe brain sagging (including the frontal and temporal lobes), as visualized on brain magnetic resonance imaging. However, the detection of these CSF leaks may require specialized spinal imaging techniques, such as digital subtraction myelography (DSM)., Methods: We performed DSM in the lateral decubitus position under general anesthesia in 21 consecutive patients with frontotemporal dementia brain sagging syndrome (4 women and 17 men; mean age 56.2 years [range: 31-70 years])., Results: Nine patients (42.8%) were found to have a CSF-venous fistula, a recently discovered type of CSF leak that cannot be detected on conventional spinal imaging. All nine patients underwent uneventful surgical ligation of the fistula. Complete or near-complete and sustained resolution of bvFTD symptoms was obtained by all nine patients, accompanied by reversal of brain sagging, but in only three (25.0%) of the twelve patients in whom no CSF-venous fistula could be detected ( P = 0.0011), and who were treated with non-targeted therapies., Discussion: Concerns about a spinal CSF leak should not be dismissed in patients with frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome, even when conventional spinal imaging is normal. However, even with this specialized imaging the source of the loss of spinal CSF remains elusive in more than half of patients., Competing Interests: The authors report no disclosures. Author disclosures are available in the supporting information., (© 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Surgical Ligation of Spinal CSF-Venous Fistulas after Transvenous Embolization in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Tache RB, and Maya MM
- Subjects
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak etiology, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Humans, Myelography methods, Embolization, Therapeutic methods, Fistula complications, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension therapy
- Abstract
A spinal CSF-venous fistula is an increasingly recognized type of CSF leak that causes spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The detection of these fistulas requires specialized imaging such as digital subtraction myelography or dynamic CT myelography, and several treatment options are available. A novel treatment for these CSF-venous fistulas consisting of transvenous embolization with the liquid embolic agent Onyx has been described recently, but some patients require further treatment if embolization fails. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of surgery following transvenous embolization. In a series of 6 consecutive patients who underwent surgical ligation of the fistula after endovascular embolization, there were no surgical complications. Postoperatively, complete resolution of symptoms was reported by 5 of the 6 patients, and brain MR imaging findings of spontaneous intracranial hypotension resolved in all patients. This study suggests that surgical ligation of spontaneous spinal CSF-venous fistulas after endovascular embolization is effective and safe., (© 2022 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)
- Published
- 2022
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34. Incidence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a community: Beverly Hills, California, 2006-2020.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Moser FG, Simon P, and Nuño M
- Subjects
- California epidemiology, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Female, Humans, Incidence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Intracranial Hypotension etiology
- Abstract
Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed with an increasing frequency, but epidemiologic data are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population., Methods: Using a prospectively maintained registry, all patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension residing in Beverly Hills, California, evaluated at our Medical Center between 2006 and 2020 were identified in this population-based incidence study. Our Medical Center is a quaternary referral center for spontaneous intracranial hypotension and is located within 1.5 miles from downtown Beverly Hills., Results: A total of 19 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were identified. There were 12 women and seven men with a mean age of 54.5 years (range, 28 to 88 years). The average annual incidence rate for all ages was 3.7 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 5.3), 4.3 per 100,000 for women (95% CI, 1.9 to 6.7) and 2.9 per 100,000 population for men (95% CI, 0.8 to 5.1)., Conclusion: This study, for the first time, provides incidence rates for spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population.
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- 2022
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35. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
- Author
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Schievink WI
- Subjects
- Brain diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnosis, Headache etiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Myelography, Optic Nerve diagnostic imaging, Subarachnoid Space diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension physiopathology
- Published
- 2021
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36. Long-term Risks of Persistent Ventral Spinal CSF Leaks in SIH: Superficial Siderosis and Bibrachial Amyotrophy.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Maya M, Moser F, and Nuño M
- Subjects
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cohort Studies, Headache diagnosis, Humans, Intracranial Hypotension complications, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Siderosis complications
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Superficial siderosis, bibrachial amyotrophy, and spinal cord herniation are unusual but serious long-term sequelae of persistent spontaneous spinal CSF leaks in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), particularly ventral spinal CSF leaks. However, the risk of developing such sequelae has not been established in this population. We undertook this study to determine the risk of these serious complications of persistent ventral spinal CSF leaks., Methods: This cohort study was conducted using data from a prospectively maintained database of patients who meet the modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria for SIH. The patient population consisted of a consecutive group of patients with SIH and persistent ventral spinal CSF leaks who were first seen within 1 year of onset of SIH symptoms and who had at least 1 year of follow-up., Results: Among 51 patients with SIH and a persistent ventral spinal CSF leak, superficial siderosis developed in 6 patients and bibrachial amyotrophy in 2 patients during 280 patient-years of follow-up. The probability of these complications increased from 0% at 48 months to 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0%-28.0%) at 56 months, 10.5% (95% CI 3.0%-36.4%) at 96 months, 32.7% (95% CI 15.0%-62.8%) at 144 months, and 57.9% (95% CI 30.2%-87.6%) at 192 months. None of the patients developed spinal cord herniation., Discussion: Among patients with SIH and a persistent ventral spinal CSF leak, the risk of developing serious long-term sequelae is considerable. This study shows that early treatment of a ventral spinal CSF leak offers a unique opportunity to prevent neurologic disability from superficial siderosis and bibrachial amyotrophy., (© 2021 American Academy of Neurology.)
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- 2021
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37. Computed Tomography vs Heavily T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Myelography for the Initial Evaluation of Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
- Author
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Tay ASS, Maya M, Moser FG, Nuño M, and Schievink WI
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Myelography methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Published
- 2021
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38. Multiple Spinal CSF Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Do They Exist?
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Moser F, Prasad R, Wadhwa V, Cruz R, and Nuño M
- Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of multiple spinal CSF leaks in a recent group of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) who were investigated with digital subtraction myelography (DSM)., Methods: This observational study was conducted using data from a prospectively maintained data base of patients who meet the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition, criteria for SIH. The patient population consisted of a consecutive group of 745 patients with SIH who underwent DSM between March 2009 and February 2020. Based on the results of DSM, participants were classified according to the type and number of spinal CSF leaks., Results: Among 398 patients with SIH and extradural CSF on spinal imaging, multiplicity of CSF leaks was observed in none of 291 patients with type 1a ventral leaks and in 4 (6.2%) of 65 patients with type 1b (postero-) lateral leaks. Among 97 patients with SIH from spinal CSF-venous fistulas (type 3 leaks) who did not have extradural CSF on spinal imaging, 9 patients (9.3%) had multiple fistulas ( p < 0.0001 for comparison between groups). Type 3 and type 1a or 1b CSF leaks coexisted in an additional 5 patients., Conclusions: Among patients with SIH, multiplicity of CSF leaks was observed radiographically in none of the patients with ventral leaks, in 6% of patients with lateral leaks, and in 9% of patients with CSF-venous fistulas. These results suggest that patients with SIH can be reassured that the occurrence of multiple CSF leaks is negligible to uncommon at most, depending on the type of CSF leak., (© 2021 American Academy of Neurology.)
- Published
- 2021
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39. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Due to Skull-Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.
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Schievink WI, Michael LM 2nd, Maya M, Klimo P Jr, and Elijovich L
- Subjects
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Child, Headache etiology, Headache surgery, Humans, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension surgery, Male, Skull Base surgery, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Headache diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Skull Base diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2021
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40. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension secondary to congenital spinal dural ectasia and genetic mosaicism for tetrasomy 10p: illustrative case.
- Author
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Nisson PL, Schreck R, Graham JM Jr, Maya MM, and Schievink WI
- Abstract
Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension has historically been a poorly understood pathology that is often unrecognized and undertreated. Even more rarely has it been described in pediatric patients with an otherwise benign past medical history., Observations: Herein the authors describe one of the youngest patients ever reported, a 2-year-old girl who developed severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting and experienced headache relief after lying down. Imaging revealed tonsillar herniation 14 mm below the foramen magnum, presumed to be a Chiari malformation, along with extensive dural cysts starting from thoracic level T2 down to the sacrum. She was found to have streaky skin pigmentary variation starting from the trunk down to her feet. Genetic analysis of skin biopsies revealed mosaicism for an isodicentric marker chromosome (10p15.3-10q11.2 tetrasomy) in 27%-50% of cells. After undergoing a suboccipital and cervical decompression at an outside institution, she continued to be symptomatic. She was referred to the authors' hospital, where she was diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension., Lessons: After receiving a series of epidural blood patches, the patient experienced almost complete relief of her symptoms. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time this chromosomal anomaly has ever been reported in a living child, and this may represent a new genetic association with dural ectasia., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper., (© 2021 The authors.)
- Published
- 2021
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41. Regression of Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis Following Surgical Repair of a Spontaneous Spinal CSF Leak.
- Author
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Schievink WI and Maya M
- Published
- 2021
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42. Reversible parkinsonism and FTD due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Gupta HV, Sharma VD, and Schievink WI
- Subjects
- Humans, Frontotemporal Dementia, Intracranial Hypotension diagnosis, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Parkinsonian Disorders diagnosis, Parkinsonian Disorders diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Open Repair of Hemangioma-Associated Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistula.
- Author
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Chan JL, Maya MM, and Schievink WI
- Subjects
- Blood Patch, Epidural, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak physiopathology, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology, Cognitive Dysfunction physiopathology, Female, Fistula complications, Fistula diagnostic imaging, Foraminotomy, Headache etiology, Headache physiopathology, Hemangioma complications, Hemangioma diagnostic imaging, Humans, Hyperacusis etiology, Hyperacusis physiopathology, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension physiopathology, Laminectomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meninges diagnostic imaging, Middle Aged, Myelography, Photophobia etiology, Photophobia physiopathology, Pleural Neoplasms complications, Pleural Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Fistula surgery, Hemangioma surgery, Intracranial Hypotension surgery, Ligation, Meninges surgery, Pleural Neoplasms surgery
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas in patients with orthostatic headaches and normal conventional brain and spine imaging.
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Schievink WI, Maya M, Prasad RS, Wadhwa VS, Cruz RB, Moser FG, and Nuno M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak therapy, Female, Headache etiology, Headache therapy, Humans, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intracranial Hypotension therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Myelography, Prospective Studies, Spinal Diseases complications, Spinal Diseases therapy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Vascular Fistula complications, Vascular Fistula therapy, Veins pathology, Young Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Headache diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging, Spinal Diseases diagnostic imaging, Vascular Fistula diagnostic imaging, Veins diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective: To determine the occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-venous fistulas, a type of spinal CSF leak that cannot be detected with routine computerized tomography myelography, among patients with orthostatic headaches but normal brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging., Background: Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks cause orthostatic headaches but their detection may require sophisticated spinal imaging techniques., Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with orthostatic headaches and normal brain and conventional spine imaging who underwent digital subtraction myelography (DSM) to look for CSF-venous fistulas, between May 2018 and May 2020, at a quaternary referral center for spontaneous intracranial hypotension., Results: The mean age of the 60 consecutive patients (46 women and 14 men) was 46 years (range, 13-83 years), who had been suffering from orthostatic headaches between 1 and 180 months (mean, 43 months). DSM demonstrated a spinal CSF-venous fistula in 6 (10.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-20.5%) of the 60 patients. The mean age of these five women and one man was 50 years (range, 41-59 years). Spinal CSF-venous fistulas were identified in 6 (19.4%; 95% CI: 7.5-37.5%) of 31 patients with spinal meningeal diverticula but in none (0%; 95% CI: 0-11.9%) of the 29 patients without spinal meningeal diverticula (p = 0.024). All CSF-venous fistulas were located in the thoracic spine. All patients underwent uneventful surgical ligation of the fistula. Complete and sustained resolution of symptoms was obtained in five patients, while in one patient, partial recurrence of symptoms was noted 3 months postoperatively., Conclusion: Concerns about a spinal CSF leak should not be dismissed in patients suffering from orthostatic headaches when conventional imaging turns out to be normal, even though the yield of identifying a CSF-venous fistula is low., (© 2021 American Headache Society.)
- Published
- 2021
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45. Spinal CSF-Venous Fistulas in Morbidly and Super Obese Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Maya M, Prasad RS, Wadhwa VS, Cruz RB, and Moser FG
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myelography methods, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Obesity, Morbid complications, Vascular Fistula complications, Vascular Fistula diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Spinal CSF-venous fistulas are increasingly recognized as the cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Here, we describe the challenges in the care of patients with CSF-venous fistulas who are morbidly or super obese., Materials and Methods: A review was undertaken of all patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension and a body mass index of >40 who underwent digital subtraction myelography in the lateral decubitus position to look for CSF-venous fistulas., Results: Eight patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension with a body mass index of >40 underwent lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelography. The mean age of these 5 women and 3 men was 53 years (range, 45 to 68 years). Six patients were morbidly obese (body mass indexes = 40.2, 40.6, 41, 41.8, 45.4, and 46.9), and 2 were super obese (body mass indexes = 53.7 and 56.3). Lumbar puncture showed an elevated opening pressure in 5 patients (26.5-47 cm H
2 O). The combination of an elevated opening pressure and normal conventional spine imaging findings resulted in a misdiagnosis (midbrain glioma and demyelinating disease, respectively) in 2 patients. Prior treatment included surgical nerve root ligation for suspected CSF-venous fistula in 3 patients. Digital subtraction myelography demonstrated a CSF-venous fistula in 6 patients (75%). Rebound high-pressure headache occurred in all 6 patients following surgical ligation of the fistula, and papilledema developed in 3., Conclusions: In our series, opening pressure was generally elevated in patients with morbid or super obesity. The yield of identifying CSF-venous fistulas with digital subtraction myelography in this patient population can approach that of the nonobese patient population. These patients may be at higher risk of developing rebound high-pressure headaches and papilledema., (© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
46. Spontaneous spinal CSF-venous fistulas associated with venous/venolymphatic vascular malformations: report of 3 cases.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Moser FG, Tuchman A, Cruz RB, Farb RI, Rebello R, Reddy K, and Prasad RS
- Subjects
- Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnosis, Female, Fistula cerebrospinal fluid, Fistula complications, Fistula diagnosis, Humans, Intracranial Hypotension complications, Intracranial Hypotension diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Myelography methods, Spine surgery, Vascular Malformations diagnosis, Veins surgery, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Intracranial Hypotension surgery, Vascular Malformations complications, Vascular Malformations surgery
- Abstract
Spontaneous CSF-venous fistulas may be present in up to one-fourth of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. This is a recently discovered type of CSF leak, and much remains unknown about these fistulas. Spinal CSF-venous fistulas are usually seen in coexistence with a spinal meningeal diverticulum, suggesting the presence of an underlying structural dural weakness at the proximal portion of the fistula. The authors now report the presence of soft-tissue venous/venolymphatic malformations associated with spontaneous spinal CSF-venous fistulas in 2 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, suggesting a role for distal venous pathology. In a third patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension and a venolymphatic malformation, such a CSF-venous fistula is strongly suspected.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelography to identify spinal CSF-venous fistulas in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, Moser FG, Prasad RS, Cruz RB, Nuño M, and Farb RI
- Abstract
Objective: Spontaneous spinal CSF-venous fistulas are a distinct type of spinal CSF leak recently described in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Using digital subtraction myelography (DSM) with the patient in the prone position, the authors have been able to demonstrate such fistulas in about one-fifth of patients with SIH in whom conventional spinal imaging (MRI or CT myelography) showed no evidence for a CSF leak (i.e., the presence of extradural CSF). The authors compared findings of DSM with patients in the lateral decubitus position versus the prone position and now report a significantly increased yield of identifying spinal CSF-venous fistulas with this modification of their imaging protocol., Methods: The population consisted of 23 patients with SIH who underwent DSM in the lateral decubitus position and 26 patients with SIH who underwent DSM in the prone position. None of the patients had evidence of a CSF leak on conventional spinal imaging., Results: A CSF-venous fistula was demonstrated in 17 (74%) of the 23 patients who underwent DSM in the lateral decubitus position compared to 4 (15%) of the 26 patients who underwent DSM in the prone position (p < 0.0001). The mean age of these 16 women and 5 men was 52.5 years (range 36-66 years)., Conclusions: Among SIH patients in whom conventional spinal imaging showed no evidence of a CSF leak, DSM in the lateral decubitus position demonstrated a CSF-venous fistula in about three-fourths of patients compared to only 15% of patients when the DSM was performed in the prone position, an approximately five-fold increase in the detection rate. Spinal CSF-venous fistulas are not rare among patients with SIH.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. False localizing signs of spinal CSF-venous fistulas in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: report of 2 cases.
- Author
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Schievink WI, Maya MM, and Moser FG
- Abstract
A spinal CSF-venous fistula is one of three specific types of spinal CSF leak that can be seen in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). They are best demonstrated on specialized imaging, such as digital subtraction myelography (DSM) or dynamic myelography, but often they are diagnosed on the basis of increased contrast density in the draining veins (the so-called hyperdense paraspinal vein sign) on early postmyelography CT scans. The authors report on 2 patients who underwent directed treatment (surgery in one patient and glue injection in the other) based on the hyperdense paraspinal vein sign, in whom the actual site of the fistula did not correspond to the level or laterality of the hyperdense paraspinal vein sign. The authors suggest consideration of DSM or dynamic myelography prior to undertaking treatment directed at these fistulas.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Posterior Approach and Spinal Cord Release for 360° Repair of Dural Defects in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
- Author
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Beck J, Raabe A, Schievink WI, Fung C, Gralla J, Piechowiak E, Seidel K, and Ulrich CT
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Dura Mater surgery, Female, Humans, Intracranial Hypotension etiology, Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Spinal Cord surgery, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak surgery, Intracranial Hypotension surgery, Neurosurgical Procedures methods
- Abstract
Background: Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are the cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH)., Objective: To propose a surgical strategy, stratified according to anatomic location of the leak, for sealing all CSF leaks around the 360° circumference of the dura through a single tailored posterior approach., Methods: All consecutive SIH patients undergoing spinal surgery were included. The anatomic site of the leak was exactly localized. We used a tailored hemilaminotomy and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) for all cases. Neurological status was assessed before and up to 90 d after surgery., Results: Forty-seven SIH patients had an identified CSF leak between the levels C6 and L1. Leaks, anterior to the spinal cord, were approached by a transdural trajectory (n = 28). Leaks lateral to the spinal cord by a direct extradural trajectory (n = 17) and foraminal leaks by a foraminal microsurgical trajectory (n = 2). The transdural trajectory necessitated cutting the dentate ligament accompanied by elevation and rotation of the spinal cord under continuous neuromonitoring (spinal cord release maneuver, SCRM). Four patients had transient defiticts, none had permanent neurological deficits. We propose an anatomic classification of CSF leaks into I ventral (77%, anterior dural sac), II lateral (19%, including nerve root exit, lateral, and dorsal dural sac), and III foraminal (4%)., Conclusion: Safe sealing (with IOM) of all CSF leaks around the 360° surface of the dura is feasible through a single posterior approach. The exact surgical trajectory is selected according to the anatomic category of the leak., (Copyright © 2018 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Intracranial Hypotension and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.
- Author
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Chan SM, Chodakiewitz YG, Maya MM, Schievink WI, and Moser FG
- Subjects
- Brain pathology, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak cerebrospinal fluid, Headache etiology, Humans, Intracranial Hypotension cerebrospinal fluid, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Myelography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Brain diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak diagnostic imaging, Diagnostic Imaging methods, Intracranial Hypotension complications, Intracranial Hypotension diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Review of the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and management of headache secondary to intracranial hypotension., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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