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This deliverable focuses on the creation of a current knowledge and research needs inventory for Nature-Based adaptation Solutions (NbaS). Carried out as part of Action A2 of the ARTISAN project, it aims to: (i) provide a multiscalar (international, regional and national) review of the current NbaS, (ii) identify and list research limitations and gaps, and (iii) propose perspectives for bridging the identified gaps and for developing further knowledge on NbaS. For the international scale, reports issued from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) were examinated. The regional scale (Europe) was studied using the works of research projects funded udner the H2020 programme, while the national scale (France) was investigated using scientific literature from the SCOPUS database. The rationale behind the multiscalar approach articulates around two main ideas: (i) understanding and studying the transition from NbS to NbaS and (ii) situate the current state and progress in each scale and compare it with those of the other levels. Consequently, an inventory simultaneously grouping individual and multileveled current knowledge and research needs is provided. The main findings and conclusions of this work are summarized below. For more detailed information per scale, each chapter presents a separate section for analysis.

This deliverable focuses on the inventory of existing initial and continuing training related to Nature- based adaptation Solutions (NbaS). Carried out as part of Action A1 of the ARTISAN project, it aims to: (i) analyze how NbaS are introduced into these training courses (which NbaS (s), through which thematic (s), etc.), (ii) draw up a map of the current training offer according to their specificities, and (iii) list the gaps to be filled and reflections that will be pursued in Action C4 dedicated to the development of training courses. The main conclusions of this work are summarized below.Initial trainingThe number of Masters training courses related to environmental issues and evoking the NbaS is much higher than that of the other studied post-baccalaureate training courses (DUT and Professional Licenses). These seem to be more generalist and more operational.NBAS terminology- the concept of NbaS is little known and / or poorly understood- it encompasses old concepts more commonly used depending on the considered environment - they are implicitly and widely introduced within the teaching courses- they are seen more as management tools than adaptation ones- climate change is rarely discussed in these training coursesEnvironments- the classification by environment highlights the predominance of generalist courses interested in many environments- the urban environment is also the subject of several training courses in connection with NbaS- the theme of water is addressed in many of these training programs, showing the importance of this resource- some environments do not have training specifically dedicated to them, such as maritime, natural or forest environmentsMapping- no real training in connection with NbaS seems to be offered in the North, the Center and on the Mediterranean coast- a third of the offer is located in the Paris region- there are training courses dedicated to a very specific environment, often near the areas concerned (eg: mountain environment near mountains)- training focused on the urban environment is given more in the north-west of France- training courses dedicated to the agricultural sector are all located to the west of the Lille-Marseille axisLabor market:- local authorities ask for NbaS to appear in training programs- there are few specific jobs related to NbaS- NbaS can be linked to the implementation of labeling- stakeholder networks are very important to generate operational demand and bring it back to academic sphere

The evolution of the precipitation events is a key-question of climate change. Due to its outstanding complexity, its answer mainly relies on the improvement of both measurement technologies (mainly small weather radars such as polarimetric X-band radars) and the analysis techniques of the large data sets they produced. We focus on the case study of, different products of the X-band radar operate over a 64 km x 64 km grid in the Greater Paris area. The spatial resolution is of 250 m while the temporal one is of 3,4 min. The analysis is based on the widely used Universal Multifractals (UM) framework by Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (hmco.enpc.fr) during three events of different duration that enable to quantify the variability across scales of a field with the help of only three physically meaningful parameters with: • the mean intermittency (C1), • the multifractality index (alpha) and • the degree of non-conservation (H) They are estimated for all the radar products via (classical) spectral analysis, Trace Moment (TM) and Double Trace Moment (DTM).Due to a rather systematic discrepancy between the theoretical TM curve and the empirical curve, we have been led to modify the TM method by introducing a (mono/uni) fractal correction. This correction is supported by various theoretical arguments that we discuss. We also point out several consequences, in particular the fact that the DTM results are biased. This leads us to revise the time evolution of the UM parameters, hence that of the characteristics of the precipitation.