Search

The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis suggests that there will be greater individual differences in personality traits for those individuals who are more intelligent. Conversely, less intelligent individuals will be more similar to each other in their personality traits. The hypothesis was tested with a large sample of managerial job candidates who completed an omnibus personality measure with 16 scales and five intelligence measures (used to generate an intelligence "g"-factor). Based on the "g"-factor composite, the sample was split using the median to conduct factor analyses within each half. A five-factor model was tested for both the lower and higher intelligence halves and were found to have configural invariance but not metric or scalar invariance. In general, the results provide little support for the differentiation hypothesis as there was no clear and consistent pattern of lower inter-scale correlations for the more intelligent individuals.

This study explores the relationship between alcohol dependence and humor styles based on a large data set of 2752 adults. Participants completed a humor styles questionnaire, assessing four dimensions: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating. Participants also completed a telephone survey assessing their lifetime use and problems with alcohol. The survey classified individuals as meeting or failing to meet the DSM-IV definition of alcohol dependence. Logistic regression analyses in predicting alcohol dependence categorization resulted in a 95.6% correct classification and two significant predictors: being a man and aggressive humor style scores. These results show that those who characteristically engage in an aggressive humor style, are more likely to meet the criteria for alcohol dependence., Author(s): Julie Aitken Schermer [sup.1] , Marisa L. Kfrerer [sup.2] , Michael T. Lynskey [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.39381.30, 0000 0004 1936 8884, Management and Organizational Studies, Faculty of Social [...]

Responses to a measure of the four humor styles of affiliative, aggressive, self-enhancing, and self-defeating from the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ; Martin et al. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(1), 48-75, 2003 (See CR23)) were collected from individuals (N = 8361) in 28 countries encompassing 21 different languages. The purpose of this global collaboration was to examine both differences and similarities of humor styles across nations at the descriptive level. Across the countries, typically the highest scores were for the affiliative humor style. When each humor style was examined, some country samples demonstrated differences in mean scores. For example, the samples from Hungary, Indonesia, South Africa, and Serbia had high self-enhancing scores and Japan scored the lowest. In contrast to mean differences, almost all of the countries demonstrated positive inter-scale correlations, similar sex differences, and similar correlations with age, suggesting more similarities than differences. As discussed, some of the samples had low internal consistency values and poorly fitting factor structures for the humor style scales, suggesting that those results should be interpreted with caution., Author(s): Julie Aitken Schermer [sup.1] , Radoslaw Rogoza [sup.2] , Maria Magdalena Kwiatkowska [sup.2] , Christopher Marcin Kowalski [sup.1] , Sibele Aquino [sup.3] , Rahkman Ardi [sup.4] , Henrietta Bolló [...]

Climate change threatens mental health via increasing exposure to the social and economic disruptions created by extreme weather and large-scale climatic events, as well as through the anxiety associated with recognising the existential threat posed by the climate crisis. Considering the growing levels of climate change awareness across the world, negative emotions like anxiety and worry about climate-related risks are a potentially pervasive conduit for the adverse impacts of climate change on mental health. In this study, we examined how negative climate-related emotions relate to sleep and mental health among a diverse non-representative sample of individuals recruited from 25 countries, as well as a Norwegian nationally-representative sample. Overall, we found that negative climate-related emotions are positively associated with insomnia symptoms and negatively related to self-rated mental health in most countries. Our findings suggest that climate-related psychological stressors are significantly linked with mental health in many countries and draw attention to the need for cross-disciplinary research aimed at achieving rigorous empirical assessments of the unique challenge posed to mental health by negative emotional responses to climate change., Author(s): Charles Adedayo Ogunbode [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ståle Pallesen [sup.3] , Gisela Böhm [sup.3] [sup.4] , Rouven Doran [sup.3] , Navjot Bhullar [sup.5] , Sibele Aquino [sup.6] , Tiago Marot [...]

This study investigates the Dark Triad in relation to the Big Five facets and the putative redundancy of Machiavellianism and psychopathy. A sample of 442 participants completed measures of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, as well as the Big Five. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression analyses with age, sex, and facets of the Big Five as predictors of each dark trait were examined. We found that 13 of the correlations between the Big Five facets and Machiavellianism and psychopathy differed significantly (p < .01; z values ranging from -3.61 to -3.77 and 2.36 to 4.99). Specifically, the relationships between Machiavellianism and anxiety, depression, self-consciousness, vulnerability, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, values, straightforwardness, compliance, modesty, dutifulness, and deliberation differed significantly from the relationships of psychopathy and these facets. Moreover, Machiavellianism and psychopathy differed in terms of their Big Five facet predictors. Of the Big Five facets, psychopathy was independently predicted by excitement-seeking, straightforwardness, altruism, and compliance, facets purported to underlie psychopathy (O'Boyle et al. Journal of Personality, 83, 644-664, 2015 (See CR44)). Machiavellianism, on the other hand, was independently predicted by self-consciousness, fantasy, values, trust, and straightforwardness. Narcissism was independently predicted by assertiveness, fantasy, ideas, and modesty. Future research is needed to further clarify these differences, and future directions on how to further the Dark Triad redundancy debate are discussed., Author(s): Christopher Marcin Kowalski [sup.1] , Philip A. Vernon [sup.1] , Julie Aitken Schermer [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.39381.30, 0000 0004 1936 8884, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, [...]

There is a well-supported link between experiences of childhood neglect and levels of loneliness in adulthood, with emotional neglect from caregivers being predictive of loneliness. However, current research has yet to explore additional, sex-linked factors that influence this relationship. This study investigates the impact of different neglect types on loneliness, with a focus on the parental figure involved and the child's sex. It was hypothesized that men who experienced emotional neglect from their fathers would score higher in loneliness compared to other parent–child combinations. The findings showed no significant differences in father–son relationships within the context of emotional neglect. However, there was a significant difference in father–son relationships in the context of supervision neglect and loneliness outcomes, relative to all other parent combinations. Consistent with existing research, emotional neglect emerged as the strongest predictor of loneliness. Additionally, sex differences were observed, with women experiencing greater levels of loneliness stemming from neglect compared to men. These findings help address the knowledge gap present in childhood neglect research, with the goal of understanding the long-term consequences of adverse childhood experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]