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Ethiopia's agricultural sector is predominantly dependent on rain-fed farming, and irrigation systems are becoming increasingly essential for enhancing productivity and ensuring food security. This study assesses on-farm water management practices within small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Ethiopia, focusing on two irrigation schemes, Wosha and Werka, located in the Wondo Genet District Sidama Region. The physical characteristics of the soil, crop water and irrigation requirements, irrigation scheduling, and application efficiency were evaluated. The findings revealed that Werka exhibited better soil water-holding capacity and higher application efficiency (59%) than Wosha (48.2%). Sugarcane and chat were the dominant crops in both schemes, with irrigation scheduling showing gaps between farmer practices and optimal water intervals, particularly in Wosha. Overall, Werka's irrigation system demonstrated a better performance, highlighting the need for improvements in Wosha’s irrigation management practices. Farmers in both schemes, especially in Wosha, should adopt scientifically calculated irrigation intervals to reduce water wastage and enhance crop yield. Strengthening technical proficiency in water management and providing training on modern irrigation techniques are essential for farmers to optimize water use.

In Argumentation Theory: A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective (2018), Professor van Eemeren suggests that it might be worthwhile for pragma-dialectics and informal logic to join forces, given that there is a "considerable amount of common ground" between the two. In this paper, we explore that common ground by considering both the ways logic is understood and incorporated in the pragma-dialectical model and the ways informal logic has developed since its inception in the 1970s. In the process of our investigation, we present a view of the landscape of argumentation in which the subject matter of informal logic is situated relative to theories of argumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to analyze one’s understanding of limit of a function based on Concept Image and Concept Definition schemes, which can be used as powerful tools in research that have mathematical comprehension as part of their object of study. For that, we developed and applied a set of tasks involving limits of functions to students who had already been in a Calculus course. Vinner’s study about concept image and concept definition was the theoretical framework of this paper. The results obtained let us observe the plurality of interpretations about limits and other adjacent concepts, which allowed us to trace, in this paper, a reflection upon the cognitive conflicts concerning the (lack of) understanding of these concepts.

The objective of this study was at analyzing the action schemes of two young deaf students in combinatorial situations, based on the scheme construct of Theory of Conceptual Fields by Gérard Vergnaud, in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and communicative and cognitive potential of gestures. This is a qualitative approach in design of a descriptive case study, based on a micro genetic analysis associated with videography. The deaf students mobilized schemes in space, associating gestures and signs in Libras, expressing the concepts of addition and one- to-one correspondence (finger-sign). The linguistic choices by the Libras interpreter influenced the resolution of each deaf person. Detailed description of the schemes mobilized by the deaf students may broaden the understanding of their stage of development and benefit mathematics teacher in teaching this concept in an inclusive educational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the development of human potential, improved health status is essential. Since the beginning of civilization, man has been seeking security and protection. He came across the idea of insurance because of this urge. The sharing of a few people's losses among many people is the foundation of insurance. The growth and development of the Medical Insurance Industry is dependent on people's awareness of the need for security and their ability to pay the premium. Health insurance is a crucial choice that planners and policymakers should consider. It is a type of risk management that is primarily employed to protect against the risk of a potential, unforeseen loss. In present study an attempt has been made to give a detailed view on importance and scope of health insurance in rural India. Also, different types of health insurance schemes available, challenges faced in claiming health insurances and role of government in health insurance sector are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper implementation of centrally sponsored schemes is crucial in ensuring equitable development and bridging regional disparities. Identifying the factors influencing performance is an essential step towards improving implementation procedures and eliminating regional disparities. This study sought to evaluate the regional disparities in performance levels and to investigate the factors affecting the performance of centrally sponsored schemes. Using a composite performance index, the study assessed the performance levels at inter-district and intra-district levels. The study found that districts like Kupwara and Anantnag exhibited higher performance levels compared to districts like Srinagar, Pulwama, Shopian, and Ganderbal, which displayed lower performance levels. Moreover, most blocks fall under the low or medium-performing category. The study identified fund availability, fund utilization, socio-economic development, poverty levels, low wages rates, migration, physical setting, and lack of official staff as the factors affecting the performance of centrally sponsored schemes. Finally, the study recommends the policymakers to improve implementation procedures and address the flaws in ongoing schemes, especially in low-performing regions, to bridge the regional disparity gap and promote equitable development across all regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The purpose of the study is a scientific review of the stages of development of refrigeration technology with sorption action on solid sorbents and an assessment of the current state of development of such household equipment in relation to the use of solar energy.Method. The dynamics of the development of solar energy refrigeration equipment based on sorption thermotransformers, the working vapors of which are solid sorbents and ozone-safe refrigerants, are analyzed. The beginning of development comes from the creation of periodic installations operating from the thermal energy of traditional energy carriers: hot water, burning of hydrocarbon or organic fuels, electric energy, and cooling with water and air and ends with modern refrigeration units operating from the energy of solar radiation and the daily temperature difference of the environment.Result. The peculiarities of making technical decisions underlying the design of the main devices of solar energy refrigeration units are noted. Circuit designs and operating principles of installations and their devices used to improve operating efficiency are described. The main trends in research conducted by scientists to improve the operation of solar energy thermal transformers of cyclic action are considered.Conclusion. This article may be useful to young scientists, engineers and designers for the design and development of innovative autonomous thermal transmitters and refrigeration units for cooling and short-term storage of products and medicines, obtaining food ice, air conditioning, operating independently from solar energy. Such installations are easy to manufacture and operate.

By classical results of Dedekind and Zermelo, second order logic imposes categoricity features on Peano Arithmetic and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. However, we have known since Skolem's anti-categoricity theorems that the first order formulations of Peano Arithmetic and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (i.e., PA and ZF) are not categorical. Here we investigate various categoricity-like properties (including tightness, solidity, and internal categoricity) that are exhibited by a distinguished class of first order theories that include PA and ZF, with the aim of understanding what is special about canonical foundational first order theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of an Emotion Focused theoretical framework of human functioning based on the primacy of affect. This is followed by a brief review of the fundamental principles of Emotion Focused Therapy practice. A survival and growth tendency is seen as the main human motivational system, and emotion is seen as in-born and evolutionarily developed, to promote survival and growth. Emotion is seen as more basic than motivation, and therefore more fundamental than either the actualizing tendency or an attachment motive. The latter motivations are both seen as being driven by emotion. Having discussed the nature of emotional functioning the paper concludes by discussing principles of emotional change, and how to work with emotion to change emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employ the lens provided by formal truth theory to study axiomatizations of Peano Arithmetic ${\textsf {(PA)}}$. More specifically, let Elementary Arithmetic ${\textsf {(EA)}}$ be the fragment $\mathsf {I}\Delta _0 + \mathsf {Exp}$ of ${\textsf {PA}}$ , and let ${\textsf {CT}}^-[{\textsf {EA}}]$ be the extension of ${\textsf {EA}}$ by the commonly studied axioms of compositional truth ${\textsf {CT}}^-$. We investigate both local and global properties of the family of first order theories of the form ${\textsf {CT}}^-[{\textsf {EA}}] +\alpha $ , where $\alpha $ is a particular way of expressing " ${\textsf {PA}}$ is true" (using the truth predicate). Our focus is dominantly on two types of axiomatizations, namely: (1) schematic axiomatizations that are deductively equivalent to ${\textsf {PA}}$ and (2) axiomatizations that are proof-theoretically equivalent to the canonical axiomatization of ${\textsf {PA}}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State-level institutes have an important role in strengthening the national STI ecosystem. SERB-SURE scheme was launched in 2022 to support research at state-level institutes to strengthen the national STI ecosystem. The scheme also promotes researchers with no ongoing/completed project proposals under SERB and thus is a platform to appraise the upcoming talent pool of the country. The details of proposals submitted and recommended have been gathered from the PRISM website and SERB online portal. The present article quantitatively analyses the trend of project proposal submission and approval based on parameters such as gender, state, institute type and subject area between the financial year 2022-23. Based on these early indicators, some recommendations for promoting research at state-level institutes are provided here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mental model is an essential element that influences the quality of problem-solving. This study explores mental models, strategies, and schemes that are active in solving the maximum rectangular area problem. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. A total of four pre-service mathematics teachers as subjects were selected from 108 prospective subjects involved in the study. Data collection was carried out by providing task sheets for solving the most significant rectangular area problem and semi-structured interviews. Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion are three stages in analyzing the research data. This study indicates three mental models for pre-service mathematics teachers in solving maximum rectangular area problems: initial, adaptive, and formal. Each has different strategies and schemes that are active while solving problems. The results of this study imply that mental models influence the quality of the problem solving process until results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hon'ble Prime Minister of India has been addressing the nation every month since 2014 on the emerging issues of national and international importance through his Mann Ki Baat programme in radio. The issues related to agriculture and allied sectors covered in the programme have attracted the attention of farmers as well as the change agencies. The importance of Farmers Producer Company (FPOs) and its role in strengthening the farmers' income were highlighted in Mann Ki Baat. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of the episodes on the farmers as well as the FPOs. An integrated approach of survey and case study method with ex-post-facto research design was followed. Using purposive sampling, 44 FPOs were selected from across the country covering 40 districts from 19 states for the study. The survey results showed that 98.50 per cent of the FPOs were formed during the PM's Mann Ki Baat programme (2014-2023), FPOs had the highest shareholders of 4409 and paid-up capital of Rs. 1.31 crore. The business of FPOs covered almost all major crops, seed production of important crops, sale of agricultural inputs especially fertilizers and pesticides, custom hiring and value-added products. Successful cases of entrepreneurship development in FPOs were observed e.g., Puthari Farmers Producer Co Ltd., Kodagu, Karnataka operating at 10000 ha land of plantation crops with a turnover of Rs. 2.20 crore. Due to collective action, there was a reduction in the cost of cultivation by 20-25 per cent. FPOs' feedback indicated that with Mann Ki Baat episodes most of them became aware about the different policies and schemes. The FPOs are ensuring several benefits to member farmers like acquainting with different government schemes, delivering inputs at doorsteps, reducing cost of cultivation and so on. However, there is a need to strengthen FPOs through further support of government and allied departments. With awareness and increasing access to institutional resources through the enabling environment, being made by Mann Ki Baat, the employment opportunities and livelihood resilience of farmers will be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green revolution was capable of mitigating hunger and malnutrition but it had reportedly made a negative impact in terms of soil and water degradation. Diversification was also seen as one of the solutions to problems brought out by green revolution. As part of farm diversification, the Haryana government has initiated programmes like Mera Pani Meri Virasat (MPMV), Crop Cluster Development Programme (CCDP), Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojana (BBY) etc. This study highlights the impact of MPMV Scheme in a detailed way. It was undertaken in three agro ecological zones of the Indian state of Haryana. One district from each agro- ecological zone was chosen. From each district, 60 farmers were contacted. The study reveals that there is only limited acceptance of new diversification schemes among farmers as it is reflected in their area of adoption. Adequate amount of incentives and timely provision of the compensation amount are likely to further improve the utilization of these programmes among farmers.

Revealing the time structure of physical or biological objects is usually performed thanks to the tools of signal processing such as the fast Fourier transform, Ramanujan sum signal processing, and many other techniques. For space-time topological objects in physics and biology, we propose a type of algebraic processing based on schemes in which the discrimination of singularities within objects is based on the space-time-spin group S L (2 , C) . Such topological objects possess an homotopy structure encoded in their fundamental group, and the related S L (2 , C) multivariate polynomial character variety contains a plethora of singularities somehow analogous to the frequency spectrum in time structures. Our approach is applied to a model of quantum computing based on an Akbulut cork in exotic R 4 , to an hyperbolic model of topological quantum computing based on magic states and to microRNAs in genetics. Such diverse topics reveal the manifold of possibilities of using the concept of a scheme spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present qualitative study aims to describe the understanding of integral by college students as prospective teachers based on the APOS theory with regard to gender differences. The research subjects were one female student (FS) and one male student (MS). The data were collected through assignments on integral and interviews. The results of data analysis showed that at the actions stage, FS and MS solved the integral problem procedurally. In the processes stage, FS explained the step of determining the area using a definite integral by installing the boundaries taken from the given equation. On the other hand, MS used a definite integral while still paying attention to the influence of the area on the x-axis. In the objects stage, both subjects showed some integral relationships as the totality of the process based on integral characteristics. At the schemes stage, the coherence of the two subjects' schemes was different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a double scaling limit of two multi-matrix models: the U (N) 2 × O (D) -invariant model with all quartic interactions and the bipartite U (N) × O (D) -invariant model with tetrahedral interaction (D being here the number of matrices and N being the size of each matrix). Those models admit a double, large N and large D expansion. While N tracks the genus of the Feynman graphs, D tracks another quantity called the grade. In both models, we rewrite the sum over Feynman graphs at fixed genus and grade as a finite sum over combinatorial objects called schemes. This is a result of combinatorial nature which remains true in the quantum mechanical setting and in quantum field theory. Then we proceed to the double scaling limit at large D, i.e. for vanishing grade. In particular, we find that the most singular schemes, in both models, are the same as those found in Benedetti et al for the U (N) 2 × O (D) -invariant model restricted to its tetrahedral interaction. This is a different universality class than in the 1-matrix model whose double scaling is not summable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a geometric interpretation of the Stanley–Reisner correspondence, extend it to schemes, and interpret it in terms of the field of one element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the southern portion of the Presidency and in the Northern Circars, the only implement in use is the plough which is common to eastern countries. This plough stirs the soil but does not invert it. In some districts containing black-cotton soils, a large plough drawn by six or eight bullocks is used to reclaim land overgrown with weeds. The system of water conservation through field embankments is peculiar to central Indian tracts and is commonly in vogue in the northern Madhya Pradesh, Bundhelkhand region of Uttar-Pradesh and eastern Rajasthan. In the Bundhelkhand region, these works are popularly known as 'bundhies' which consist of earthen embankments thrown across gently sloping ground. During the rainy season water is stored upstream and the land gets submerged. If the land slope, is gradual; often large areas get submerged even by low embankments. Ordinarily, no direct irrigation is carried out and benefit is mostly due to submergence. In nearly all these areas, the soil is generally black which is retentive of moisture. After remaining submerged' under water during the rainy season, the soil retains sufficient moisture to grow good rabi crops. The remaining water is let out and the submerged land released for cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we deal with the problem of Hybrid Energy Harvesting control strategies, while paying attention to their properties and suggesting criteria to assess their suitability for specific energy harvesting techniques, as well as their application in different areas of technology—especially Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things. Many research works have already been published on the topic of combining resources for Energy Harvesting; nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the control strategies for such systems and a comparison of their most important properties is missing. This is the genesis and the main subject of this article. We have performed a deep research investigation of available resources. We have identified eight different control strategies and defined a set of the most important parameters (including their possible ranges/states) as criteria to be able to compare them. The corresponding sections of this article begin with a general description of the respective strategies and their principles (including generalized schemes), which is followed by specific examples of best practices. The key conclusions of the performed analysis are summarized in a comparison table that allows the readers to make their own conclusions and choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have shown that early maladaptive schemes play a role in various aspects of human life, but there is a research gap in the relationship between these schemes and career path adaptability. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between early maladaptive schemes and adaptability of students' career path by network analysis. Methods: The research method was descriptive, correlational and research tools were Young's Scheme Questionnaire (1990) and Savickas' Career Adaptability Questionnaire (2012). The statistical population included all students of universities and higher education institutions in the country in 2019, sampling method was non -random with maximum variation and the sample size was 849 people. Questionnaires were provided to students through Google Docs. Network analysis, R software and Qgragh package were used for data analysis. Results: Based on the betweenness index, Unrelenting Standards scheme (20) and the confidence (19) were ranked first. Also, the shortest path between adaptability dimensions and schemes was obtained separately: The dimension of Concern, with the schemes of Approval -Seeking (10/21), Subjugation(10/76) and Insufficient Self- control(13/17), Control dimension, with schemes of Emotional Deprivation(9/99), Insufficient Self-Control(10/69) and Unrelenting Standards(11/76), Curiosity dimension with Insufficient Self-control(10/26), Emotional deprivation(10/99) and Mistrust(11/21), And the dimension of Confidence with Insufficient Self-control(8/10), Unrelenting Standards(9/17) and Failure to Achive(10/36), have the shortest distance, respectively . Conclusion: The results showed that from 18 early maladaptive scheme, 8 schemes of Approval - Seeking, Subjugation, Insufficient self-control, Emotional Deprivation, Unrelenting Standards, Entitlement, Mistrust and Failure to Achive have the most role in various dimensions of students' career path adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil thermal conductivity (λ) is an important parameter to describe the heat transfer ability of soil, which is of great significance to engineering construction in permafrost and seasonally frozen regions. Its values are highly dependent on soil type, composition, and texture. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of special soils needs to be studied distinctively. Turfy soil is a widely distributed special kind of humus soil, with characteristics of high-porosity ratio, high-water content, high-permeability, and high-organic matter. Here, fundamental properties of turfy soil from Changbai Mountains, northeastern China, were determined, and thermal conductivity was investigated using the steady-state comparison method. The results revealed that the thermal conductivity of unfrozen and frozen turfy soil was about 0.58 W∙m−1 k−1 and 1.32 W∙m−1 k−1, respectively, and phase transition in soil mainly happened from –2 to –3 ℃. Thermal conductivity of unfrozen turfy soil was negative correlated with soil water content, organic matter content, and porosity. Compared with common thermal conductivity schemes, it was found that Nikoosokhan scheme got the best prediction effect for unfrozen turfy soil, and Tian scheme was suitable for frozen turfy soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article raises the issue of the nature of space projects. Some of them were implemented, but most remained on paper. On the one hand, the author discusses specific features of nonconventional social engineering to which he, in particular, refers space projects, and on the other hand ? the successful social Donor Project. He demonstrates that the designer cannot rely on existing prototypes in nonconventional design. Therefore, he/she is compelled to constitute the object being designed. To characterize the processes being developed and conditions defining them, he/she has to conduct researches and formulate concepts of these processes, to form the environment and the strategy of implementation of the project. Besides, nonconventional design implies the formation of a number of new kinds of activity (involvement of users in the designing, complex management, expert examination of projects, etc.). The analysis of the Donor Project made it possible to identify such conditions of success of this project as sound financial support, efficient project management, availability of administrative resource¸ methodological support, and interest of the main social subjects in its implementation. The author used characteristics of nonconventional and social design revealed in the analysis in the second part of the article at the discussion of space projects. He considers conditions under which such projects may be developed and implemented. The Donor Project could be developed and implemented due to creating a number of unique conditions, but in terms of scale, this project is nothing compared to space projects. Though the author shows the problematical character of the development of space projects – as yet there are no necessary conditions required for their implementation – he deems it necessary to continue to work on them, keeping in mind that it is a matter of nonconventional and social design.

Learners’ autonomy constitutes one of the current requirements and social and politico-economic demands to be taken into consideration by the current educational systems. The reform known as "the second generation" tends to develop this transversal competence in Algerian learners by involving them more in the teaching-learning process. It is crowned by the proposal of new textbooks for certain levels. The analytical study of the new manual of French of the 5th year primary school allowed identifying a presence of a contents aiming at the development of schemes and an intrinsic and extrinsic autonomy but which remain insufficient compared to the centering of this manual on knowledge.