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Giraffes live in a fission-fusion society (Bercovitch & Berry, 2012; Carter et al., 2013), with adult males often solitary, moving among female herds as a roaming reproductive strategy to assess female reproductive status (Bercovitch et al., 2006; Dagg, 2014). Actual values of hormone metabolite concentrations are only added for the female and the "winning" bull (M5) gl On day 6 M5 joined the herd and approached F19. We also observed F19 neck rubbing against M4's hindquarters, an affiliative giraffe behaviour (see Table 1 for daily descriptions of behaviours). Afterwards, M5 began mate guarding and cofeeding with F19, and several hours after the fight M5 started bumping into F19 and tapping against her hind legs using his front leg, a bull giraffe courtship activity. [Extracted from the article]