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1. PDRs4All XI. Empirical prescriptions for the interpretation of JWST imaging observations of star-forming regions

Author: Chown, Ryan, Okada, Yoko, Peeters, Els, Sidhu, Ameek, Khan, Baria, Schefter, Bethany, Trahin, Boris, Canin, Amelie, Van De Putte, Dries, Alarcon, Felipe, Schroetter, Ilane, Kannavou, Olga, Habart, Emilie, Berne, Olivier, Boersma, Christiaan, Cami, Jan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Goicoechea, Javier, Gordon, Karl, and Onaka, Takashi
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: (Abridged) JWST continues to deliver incredibly detailed infrared (IR) images of star forming regions in the Milky Way and beyond. IR emission from star-forming regions is very spectrally rich due to emission from gas-phase atoms, ions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Physically interpreting IR images of these regions relies on assumptions about the underlying spectral energy distribution in the imaging bandpasses. We aim to provide empirical prescriptions linking line, PAH, and continuum intensities from JWST images, to facilitate the interpretation of JWST images in a wide variety of contexts. We use JWST PDRs4All Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) imaging and Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) integral field unit (IFU) and MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) spectroscopic observations of the Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR), to directly compare and cross-calibrate imaging and IFU data at ~100 AU resolution over a region where the radiation field and ISM environment evolves from the hot ionized gas to the cold molecular gas. We measure the relative contributions of line, PAH, and continuum emission to the NIRCam and MIRI filters as functions of local physical conditions. We provide empirical prescriptions based on NIRCam and MIRI images to derive intensities of emission lines and PAH features. Within the range of the environments probed in this study, these prescriptions accurately predict Pa-alpha, Br-alpha, PAH 3.3 um and 11.2 um intensities, while those for FeII 1.644 um, H_2 1--0 S(1) 2.12 um and 1--0 S(9) 4.96 um, and PAH 7.7 um show more complicated environmental dependencies. Linear combinations of JWST NIRCam and MIRI images provide effective tracers of ionized gas, H_2, and PAH emission in PDRs. We expect these recipes to be useful for both the Galactic and extragalactic communities., Comment: 31 pages, 24 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

2. PDRs4All VIII: Mid-IR emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

Author: Van De Putte, Dries, Meshaka, Raphael, Trahin, Boris, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Berné, Olivier, Alarcón, Felipe, Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Schroetter, Ilane, Sidhu, Ameek, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Dartois, Emmanuel, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Onaka, Takashi, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Verstraete, Laurent, Wolfire, Mark G., Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Joblin, Christine, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Okada, Yoko, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Tabone, Benoit, Vicente, Sílvia, Zannese, Marion, Colgan, Sean W. J., He, Jinhua, Rouillé, Gaël, Togi, Aditya, Aleman, Isabel, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Issa, Lina, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kannavou, Olga, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Floch, Bertrand Le, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Rho, Jeonghee, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Mid-infrared emission features probe the properties of ionized gas, and hot or warm molecular gas. The Orion Bar is a frequently studied photodissociation region (PDR) containing large amounts of gas under these conditions, and was observed with the MIRI IFU aboard JWST as part of the "PDRs4All" program. The resulting IR spectroscopic images of high angular resolution (0.2") reveal a rich observational inventory of mid-IR emission lines, and spatially resolve the substructure of the PDR, with a mosaic cutting perpendicularly across the ionization front and three dissociation fronts. We extracted five spectra that represent the ionized, atomic, and molecular gas layers, and measured the most prominent gas emission lines. An initial analysis summarizes the physical conditions of the gas and the potential of these data. We identified around 100 lines, report an additional 18 lines that remain unidentified, and measured the line intensities and central wavelengths. The H I recombination lines originating from the ionized gas layer bordering the PDR, have intensity ratios that are well matched by emissivity coefficients from H recombination theory, but deviate up to 10% due contamination by He I lines. We report the observed emission lines of various ionization stages of Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Fe, and Ni, and show how certain line ratios vary between the five regions. We observe the pure-rotational H$_2$ lines in the vibrational ground state from 0-0 S(1) to 0-0 S(8), and in the first vibrationally excited state from 1-1 S(5) to 1-1 S(9). We derive H$_2$ excitation diagrams, and approximate the excitation with one thermal (~700 K) component representative of an average gas temperature, and one non-thermal component (~2700 K) probing the effect of UV pumping. We compare these results to an existing model for the Orion Bar PDR and highlight the differences with the observations., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to A&A, under review (1st revision)
Published: 2024
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3. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Author: Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Van De Putte, Dries, Alarcón, Felipe, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photo-dissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, impacting planet formation within the disks. We report JWST and Atacama Large Millimetere Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modelling their kinematics and excitation allows us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantify the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation, finding it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.
Published: 2024

4. Formation of the Methyl Cation by Photochemistry in a Protoplanetary Disk

Author: Berné, Olivier, Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline, Schroetter, Ilane, Goicoechea, Javier R., Jacovella, Ugo, Gans, Bérenger, Dartois, Emmanuel, Coudert, Laurent, Bergin, Edwin, Alarcon, Felipe, Cami, Jan, Roueff, Evelyne, Black, John H., Asvany, Oskar, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Canin, Amelie, Trahin, Boris, Joblin, Christine, Schlemmer, Stephan, Thorwirth, Sven, Cernicharo, Jose, Gerin, Maryvonne, Tielens, Alexander, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Chown, Ryan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Sidhu, Ameek, Tabone, Benoit, Van De Putte, Dries, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: Forty years ago it was proposed that gas phase organic chemistry in the interstellar medium was initiated by the methyl cation CH3+, but hitherto it has not been observed outside the Solar System. Alternative routes involving processes on grain surfaces have been invoked. Here we report JWST observations of CH3+ in a protoplanetary disk in the Orion star forming region. We find that gas-phase organic chemistry is activated by UV irradiation., Comment: Published in Nature
Published: 2024
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5. OH as a probe of the warm water cycle in planet-forming disks

Author: Zannese, Marion, Tabone, Benoît, Habart, Emilie, Goicoechea, Javier R., Zanchet, Alexandre, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., van Hemert, Marc C., Black, John H., Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Veselinova, A., Jambrina, P. G., Menendez, M., Verdasco, E., Aoiz, F. J., Gonzalez-Sanchez, L., Trahin, Boris, Dartois, Emmanuel, Berné, Olivier, Peeters, Els, He, Jinhua, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Schroetter, Ilane, Van De Putte, Dries, Canin, Amélie, Alarcón, Felipe, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Water is a key ingredient for the emergence of life as we know it. Yet, its destruction and reformation in space remains unprobed in warm gas. Here, we detect the hydroxyl radical (OH) emission from a planet-forming disk exposed to external far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation with the James Webb Space Telescope. The observations are confronted with the results of quantum dynamical calculations. The highly excited OH infrared rotational lines are the tell-tale signs of H2O destruction by FUV. The OH infrared ro-vibrational lines are attributed to chemical excitation via the key reaction O+H=OH+H which seeds the formation of water in the gas-phase. We infer that the equivalent of the Earth ocean's worth of water is destroyed per month and replenished. These results show that under warm and irradiated conditions water is destroyed and efficiently reformed via gas-phase reactions. This process, assisted by diffusive transport, could reduce the HDO/H2O ratio in the warm regions of planet-forming disks., Comment: Version submitted to Nature Astronomy
Published: 2023

6. PDRs4All III: JWST's NIR spectroscopic view of the Orion Bar

Author: Peeters, Els, Habart, Emilie, Berne, Olivier, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Van De Putte, Dries, Trahin, Boris, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amelie, Alarcon, Felipe, Schefter, Bethany, Khan, Baria, Pasquini, Sofia, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Wolfire, Mark G., Dartois, Emmanuel, Goicoechea, Javier R., Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Onaka, Takashi, Pound, Marc W., Vicente, Silvia, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajour, Meriem, Fuente, Asuncion, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Robberto, Massimo, Roellig, Markus, Schirmer, Thiebaut, Tabone, Benoit, Zannese, Marion, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brunken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stephanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, Garcia-Lario, Pedro, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jager, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Alvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joelle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouille, Gael, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: (Abridged) We investigate the impact of radiative feedback from massive stars on their natal cloud and focus on the transition from the HII region to the atomic PDR (crossing the ionisation front (IF)), and the subsequent transition to the molecular PDR (crossing the dissociation front (DF)). We use high-resolution near-IR integral field spectroscopic data from NIRSpec on JWST to observe the Orion Bar PDR as part of the PDRs4All JWST Early Release Science Program. The NIRSpec data reveal a forest of lines including, but not limited to, HeI, HI, and CI recombination lines, ionic lines, OI and NI fluorescence lines, Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs including aromatic CH, aliphatic CH, and their CD counterparts), CO2 ice, pure rotational and ro-vibrational lines from H2, and ro-vibrational lines HD, CO, and CH+, most of them detected for the first time towards a PDR. Their spatial distribution resolves the H and He ionisation structure in the Huygens region, gives insight into the geometry of the Bar, and confirms the large-scale stratification of PDRs. We observe numerous smaller scale structures whose typical size decreases with distance from Ori C and IR lines from CI, if solely arising from radiative recombination and cascade, reveal very high gas temperatures consistent with the hot irradiated surface of small-scale dense clumps deep inside the PDR. The H2 lines reveal multiple, prominent filaments which exhibit different characteristics. This leaves the impression of a "terraced" transition from the predominantly atomic surface region to the CO-rich molecular zone deeper in. This study showcases the discovery space created by JWST to further our understanding of the impact radiation from young stars has on their natal molecular cloud and proto-planetary disk, which touches on star- and planet formation as well as galaxy evolution., Comment: 52 pages, 30 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2023
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7. PDRs4All II: JWST's NIR and MIR imaging view of the Orion Nebula

Author: Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Berné, Olivier, Trahin, Boris, Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Alarcón, Felipe, Schroetter, Ilane, Dartois, Emmanuel, Vicente, Sílvia, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Wolfire, Mark G., Zannese, Marion, Ysard, Nathalie, Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, rew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The JWST has captured the most detailed and sharpest infrared images ever taken of the inner region of the Orion Nebula, the nearest massive star formation region, and a prototypical highly irradiated dense photo-dissociation region (PDR). We investigate the fundamental interaction of far-ultraviolet photons with molecular clouds. The transitions across the ionization front (IF), dissociation front (DF), and the molecular cloud are studied at high-angular resolution. These transitions are relevant to understanding the effects of radiative feedback from massive stars and the dominant physical and chemical processes that lead to the IR emission that JWST will detect in many Galactic and extragalactic environments. Due to the proximity of the Orion Nebula and the unprecedented angular resolution of JWST, these data reveal that the molecular cloud borders are hyper structured at small angular scales of 0.1-1" (0.0002-0.002 pc or 40-400 au at 414 pc). A diverse set of features are observed such as ridges, waves, globules and photoevaporated protoplanetary disks. At the PDR atomic to molecular transition, several bright features are detected that are associated with the highly irradiated surroundings of the dense molecular condensations and embedded young star. Toward the Orion Bar PDR, a highly sculpted interface is detected with sharp edges and density increases near the IF and DF. This was predicted by previous modeling studies, but the fronts were unresolved in most tracers. A complex, structured, and folded DF surface was traced by the H2 lines. This dataset was used to revisit the commonly adopted 2D PDR structure of the Orion Bar. JWST provides us with a complete view of the PDR, all the way from the PDR edge to the substructured dense region, and this allowed us to determine, in detail, where the emission of the atomic and molecular lines, aromatic bands, and dust originate.
Published: 2023
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8. PDRs4All IV. An embarrassment of riches: Aromatic infrared bands in the Orion Bar

Author: Chown, Ryan, Sidhu, Ameek, Peeters, Els, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Cami, Jan, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Alarcón, Felipe, Canin, Amélie, Schroetter, Ilane, Trahin, Boris, Van De Putte, Dries, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, El-Yajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Zannese, Marion, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: (Abridged) Mid-infrared observations of photodissociation regions (PDRs) are dominated by strong emission features called aromatic infrared bands (AIBs). The most prominent AIBs are found at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.2 $\mu$m. The most sensitive, highest-resolution infrared spectral imaging data ever taken of the prototypical PDR, the Orion Bar, have been captured by JWST. We provide an inventory of the AIBs found in the Orion Bar, along with mid-IR template spectra from five distinct regions in the Bar: the molecular PDR, the atomic PDR, and the HII region. We use JWST NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS observations of the Orion Bar from the JWST Early Release Science Program, PDRs4All (ID: 1288). We extract five template spectra to represent the morphology and environment of the Orion Bar PDR. The superb sensitivity and the spectral and spatial resolution of these JWST observations reveal many details of the AIB emission and enable an improved characterization of their detailed profile shapes and sub-components. While the spectra are dominated by the well-known AIBs at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 $\mu$m, a wealth of weaker features and sub-components are present. We report trends in the widths and relative strengths of AIBs across the five template spectra. These trends yield valuable insight into the photochemical evolution of PAHs, such as the evolution responsible for the shift of 11.2 $\mu$m AIB emission from class B$_{11.2}$ in the molecular PDR to class A$_{11.2}$ in the PDR surface layers. This photochemical evolution is driven by the increased importance of FUV processing in the PDR surface layers, resulting in a "weeding out" of the weakest links of the PAH family in these layers. For now, these JWST observations are consistent with a model in which the underlying PAH family is composed of a few species: the so-called 'grandPAHs'., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, to appear in A&A
Published: 2023
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9. OH as a probe of the warm-water cycle in planet-forming disks

Author: Zannese, Marion, Tabone, Benoît, Habart, Emilie, Goicoechea, Javier R., Zanchet, Alexandre, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., van Hemert, Marc C., Black, John H., Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Veselinova, A., Jambrina, P. G., Menendez, M., Verdasco, E., Aoiz, F. J., Gonzalez-Sanchez, L., Trahin, Boris, Dartois, Emmanuel, Berné, Olivier, Peeters, Els, He, Jinhua, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Schroetter, Ilane, Van De Putte, Dries, Canin, Amélie, Alarcón, Felipe, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.
Published: 2024
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10. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on radiative feedback from massive stars

Author: Berné, Olivier, Habart, Émilie, Peeters, Els, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Dartois, Emmanuel, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Vicente, Silvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Alarcon, Felipe, Boersma, C., Canin, Ameélie, Chown, Ryan, Dicken, Daniel, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Pound, Marc W., Trahin, Boris, Simmer, Thomas, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Cuadrado, Sara, Guilloteau, Claire, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Schefter, Bethany R., Schirmer, Thiébaut, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Bilalbegovic, Goranka, Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brunken, Sandra, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, Garcıa-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jaeger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Joblin, Christine, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Alvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joelle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouille, Gael, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Massive stars disrupt their natal molecular cloud material through radiative and mechanical feedback processes. These processes have profound effects on the evolution of interstellar matter in our Galaxy and throughout the Universe, from the era of vigorous star formation at redshifts of 1-3 to the present day. The dominant feedback processes can be probed by observations of the Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs) where the far-ultraviolet photons of massive stars create warm regions of gas and dust in the neutral atomic and molecular gas. PDR emission provides a unique tool to study in detail the physical and chemical processes that are relevant for most of the mass in inter- and circumstellar media including diffuse clouds, proto-planetary disks and molecular cloud surfaces, globules, planetary nebulae, and star-forming regions. PDR emission dominates the infrared (IR) spectra of star-forming galaxies. Most of the Galactic and extragalactic observations obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will therefore arise in PDR emission. In this paper we present an Early Release Science program using the MIRI, NIRSpec, and NIRCam instruments dedicated to the observations of an emblematic and nearby PDR: the Orion Bar. These early JWST observations will provide template datasets designed to identify key PDR characteristics in JWST observations. These data will serve to benchmark PDR models and extend them into the JWST era. We also present the Science-Enabling products that we will provide to the community. These template datasets and Science-Enabling products will guide the preparation of future proposals on star-forming regions in our Galaxy and beyond and will facilitate data analysis and interpretation of forthcoming JWST observations., Comment: Submitted to PASP
Published: 2022
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11. PDRs4All. VIII. Mid-infrared emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

Author: Van De Putte, Dries, primary, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Habart, Emilie, additional, Peeters, Els, additional, Berné, Olivier, additional, Alarcón, Felipe, additional, Canin, Amélie, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Boersma, Christiaan, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Javier Goicoechea, R., additional, Karl Gordon, D., additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Alexander Tielens, G.M., additional, Verstraete, Laurent, additional, Mark Wolfire, G., additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Edwin Bergin, A., additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Elyajouri, Meriem, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Khan, Baria, additional, Lacinbala, Ozan, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Pasquini, Sofia, additional, Marc Pound, W., additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Schefter, Bethany, additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Tabone, Benoit, additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Sean Colgan, W.J., additional, He, Jinhua, additional, Rouillé, Gaël, additional, Togi, Aditya, additional, Aleman, Isabel, additional, Auchettl, Rebecca, additional, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, additional, Bejaoui, Salma, additional, Partha Bera, P., additional, John Black, H., additional, Boulanger, Francois, additional, Bouwman, Jordy, additional, Brandl, Bernhard, additional, Brechignac, Philippe, additional, Brünken, Sandra, additional, Buragohain, Mridusmita, additional, Burkhardt, Andrew, additional, Candian, Alessandra, additional, Cazaux, Stéphanie, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Chabot, Marin, additional, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, additional, Champion, Jason, additional, Ilsa Cooke, R., additional, Coutens, Audrey, additional, Nick Cox, L.J., additional, Demyk, Karine, additional, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, additional, Foschino, Sacha, additional, García-Lario, Pedro, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Carl Gottlieb, A., additional, Guillard, Pierre, additional, Gusdorf, Antoine, additional, Hartigan, Patrick, additional, Herbst, Eric, additional, Hornekaer, Liv, additional, Issa, Lina, additional, Jäger, Cornelia, additional, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Kaufman, Michael, additional, Kemper, Francisca, additional, Kendrew, Sarah, additional, Maria Kirsanova, S., additional, Klaassen, Pamela, additional, Kwok, Sun, additional, Labiano, Álvaro, additional, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., additional, Le Floch, Bertrand, additional, Le Petit, Franck, additional, Li, Aigen, additional, Linz, Hendrik, additional, Cameron Mackie, J., additional, Suzanne Madden, C., additional, Mascetti, Joëlle, additional, Brett McGuire, A., additional, Merino, Pablo, additional, Elisabetta Micelotta, R., additional, Jon Morse, A., additional, Mulas, Giacomo, additional, Neelamkodan, Naslim, additional, Ohsawa, Ryou, additional, Omont, Alain, additional, Paladini, Roberta, additional, Elisabetta Palumbo, Maria, additional, Pathak, Amit, additional, Yvonne Pendleton, J., additional, Petrignani, Annemieke, additional, Pino, Thomas, additional, Puga, Elena, additional, Rangwala, Naseem, additional, Rapacioli, Mathias, additional, Rho, Jeonghee, additional, Ricca, Alessandra, additional, Roman-Duval, Julia, additional, Roser, Joseph, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Salama, Farid, additional, Dinalva Sales, A., additional, Sandstrom, Karin, additional, Sarre, Peter, additional, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, additional, Sellgren, Kris, additional, Sachindev Shenoy, S., additional, Teyssier, David, additional, Richard Thomas, D., additional, Adolf Witt, N., additional, Wootten, Alwyn, additional, Ysard, Nathalie, additional, Zettergren, Henning, additional, Zhang, Yong, additional, Ziwei Zhang, E., additional, and Zhen, Junfeng, additional
Published: 2024
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12. PDRs4All

Author: Peeters, Els, primary, Habart, Emilie, additional, Berné, Olivier, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Van De Putte, Dries, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Canin, Amélie, additional, Alarcón, Felipe, additional, Schefter, Bethany, additional, Khan, Baria, additional, Pasquini, Sofia, additional, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., additional, Wolfire, Mark G., additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Goicoechea, Javier R., additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Pound, Marc W., additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Bergin, Edwin A., additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Boersma, Christiaan, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Elyajouri, Meriem, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Gordon, Karl D., additional, Issa, Lina, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Lacinbala, Ozan, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Tabone, Benoit, additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Aleman, Isabel, additional, Allamandola, Louis, additional, Auchettl, Rebecca, additional, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, additional, Bejaoui, Salma, additional, Bera, Partha P., additional, Black, John H., additional, Boulanger, Francois, additional, Bouwman, Jordy, additional, Brandl, Bernhard, additional, Brechignac, Philippe, additional, Brünken, Sandra, additional, Buragohain, Mridusmita, additional, Burkhardt, Andrew, additional, Candian, Alessandra, additional, Cazaux, Stéphanie, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Chabot, Marin, additional, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, additional, Champion, Jason, additional, Colgan, Sean W. J., additional, Cooke, Ilsa R., additional, Coutens, Audrey, additional, Cox, Nick L. J., additional, Demyk, Karine, additional, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, additional, Foschino, Sacha, additional, García-Lario, Pedro, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Gottlieb, Carl A., additional, Guillard, Pierre, additional, Gusdorf, Antoine, additional, Hartigan, Patrick, additional, He, Jinhua, additional, Herbst, Eric, additional, Hornekaer, Liv, additional, Jäger, Cornelia, additional, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, additional, Kaufman, Michael, additional, Kendrew, Sarah, additional, Kirsanova, Maria S., additional, Klaassen, Pamela, additional, Kwok, Sun, additional, Labiano, Álvaro, additional, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., additional, Lee, Timothy J., additional, Lefloch, Bertrand, additional, Le Petit, Franck, additional, Li, Aigen, additional, Linz, Hendrik, additional, Mackie, Cameron J., additional, Madden, Suzanne C., additional, Mascetti, Joëlle, additional, McGuire, Brett A., additional, Merino, Pablo, additional, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., additional, Misselt, Karl, additional, Morse, Jon A., additional, Mulas, Giacomo, additional, Neelamkodan, Naslim, additional, Ohsawa, Ryou, additional, Paladini, Roberta, additional, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, additional, Pathak, Amit, additional, Pendleton, Yvonne J., additional, Petrignani, Annemieke, additional, Pino, Thomas, additional, Puga, Elena, additional, Rangwala, Naseem, additional, Rapacioli, Mathias, additional, Ricca, Alessandra, additional, Roman-Duval, Julia, additional, Roser, Joseph, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Rouillé, Gaël, additional, Salama, Farid, additional, Sales, Dinalva A., additional, Sandstrom, Karin, additional, Sarre, Peter, additional, Sciamma-O’Brien, Ella, additional, Sellgren, Kris, additional, Shenoy, Sachindev S., additional, Teyssier, David, additional, Thomas, Richard D., additional, Togi, Aditya, additional, Verstraete, Laurent, additional, Witt, Adolf N., additional, Wootten, Alwyn, additional, Ysard, Nathalie, additional, Zettergren, Henning, additional, Zhang, Yong, additional, Zhang, Ziwei E., additional, and Zhen, Junfeng, additional
Published: 2024
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13. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, and Witt, Adolf N.
Abstract: Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.
Published: 2024

14. Formation of the methyl cation by photochemistry in a protoplanetary disk

Author: Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), University of Ontario, Canadian Space Agency, National Research Council of Canada, German Research Foundation, European Commission, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Berné, Olivier [0000-0002-1686-8395], Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline [0000-0002-5460-4294], Schroetter, Ilane [0000-0002-1099-7401], Goicoechea, Javier R. [0000-0001-7046-4319], Jacovella, Ugo [0000-0003-2152-261X], Gans, Bérenger [0000-0001-9658-2436], Dartois, Emmanuel [0000-0003-1197-7143], Coudert, Laurent H. [0000-0003-0498-6957], Bergin, Edwin [0000-0003-4179-6394], #NODATA#, Cami, Jan [0000-0002-2666-9234], Roueff, Evelyne [0000-0002-4949-8562], Black, John H. [0000-0001-7221-7207], Asvany, Oskar [0000-0003-2995-0803], Peeters, Els [0000-0002-2541-1602], Canin, Amelie [0000-0002-7830-6363], Trahin, Boris [0000-0001-5875-5340], Joblin, Christine [0000-0003-1561-6118], Schlemmer, Stephan [0000-0002-1421-7281], Cernicharo, José [0000-0002-3518-2524], Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo [0000-0002-8452-8675], Boersma, Christiaan [0000-0002-4836-217X], Cuadrado, Sara [0000-0002-7393-1813], Dicken, Daniel [0000-0003-0589-5969], Elyajouri, Meriem [0000-0002-6086-2337], Fuente, Asunción [0000-0001-6317-6343], Le Gal, Romane [0000-0003-1837-3772], Okada, Yoko [0000-0002-6838-6435], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Pound, Marc W. [0000-0002-7269-342X], Röllig, Markus [0000-0001-6205-2242], Schefter, Bethany [0000-0001-5080-8030], Tabone, Benoit [0000-0002-1103-3225], Van De Putte, Dries [0000-0002-5895-8268], Vicente, Sílvia [0000-0001-8973-0752], Berné, Olivier, Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline, Schroetter, Ilane, Goicoechea, Javier R., Jacovella, Ugo, Gans, Bérenger, Dartois, Emmanuel, Coudert, Laurent H., Bergin, Edwin, Alarcon, Felipe, Cami, Jan, Roueff, Evelyne, Black, John H., Asvany, Oskar, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Canin, Amelie, Trahin, Boris, Joblin, Christine, Schlemmer, Stephan, Thorwirth, Sven, Cernicharo, José, Gerin, Maryvonne, Tielens, Alexander, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Chown, Ryan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Sidhu, Ameek, Tabone, Benoit, Van De Putte, Dries, Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), University of Ontario, Canadian Space Agency, National Research Council of Canada, German Research Foundation, European Commission, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Berné, Olivier [0000-0002-1686-8395], Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline [0000-0002-5460-4294], Schroetter, Ilane [0000-0002-1099-7401], Goicoechea, Javier R. [0000-0001-7046-4319], Jacovella, Ugo [0000-0003-2152-261X], Gans, Bérenger [0000-0001-9658-2436], Dartois, Emmanuel [0000-0003-1197-7143], Coudert, Laurent H. [0000-0003-0498-6957], Bergin, Edwin [0000-0003-4179-6394], #NODATA#, Cami, Jan [0000-0002-2666-9234], Roueff, Evelyne [0000-0002-4949-8562], Black, John H. [0000-0001-7221-7207], Asvany, Oskar [0000-0003-2995-0803], Peeters, Els [0000-0002-2541-1602], Canin, Amelie [0000-0002-7830-6363], Trahin, Boris [0000-0001-5875-5340], Joblin, Christine [0000-0003-1561-6118], Schlemmer, Stephan [0000-0002-1421-7281], Cernicharo, José [0000-0002-3518-2524], Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo [0000-0002-8452-8675], Boersma, Christiaan [0000-0002-4836-217X], Cuadrado, Sara [0000-0002-7393-1813], Dicken, Daniel [0000-0003-0589-5969], Elyajouri, Meriem [0000-0002-6086-2337], Fuente, Asunción [0000-0001-6317-6343], Le Gal, Romane [0000-0003-1837-3772], Okada, Yoko [0000-0002-6838-6435], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Pound, Marc W. [0000-0002-7269-342X], Röllig, Markus [0000-0001-6205-2242], Schefter, Bethany [0000-0001-5080-8030], Tabone, Benoit [0000-0002-1103-3225], Van De Putte, Dries [0000-0002-5895-8268], Vicente, Sílvia [0000-0001-8973-0752], Berné, Olivier, Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline, Schroetter, Ilane, Goicoechea, Javier R., Jacovella, Ugo, Gans, Bérenger, Dartois, Emmanuel, Coudert, Laurent H., Bergin, Edwin, Alarcon, Felipe, Cami, Jan, Roueff, Evelyne, Black, John H., Asvany, Oskar, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Canin, Amelie, Trahin, Boris, Joblin, Christine, Schlemmer, Stephan, Thorwirth, Sven, Cernicharo, José, Gerin, Maryvonne, Tielens, Alexander, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Chown, Ryan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Sidhu, Ameek, Tabone, Benoit, Van De Putte, Dries, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.
Abstract: Forty years ago, it was proposed that gas-phase organic chemistry in the interstellar medium can be initiated by the methyl cation CH3+ (refs. 1–3), but so far it has not been observed outside the Solar System 4,5. Alternative routes involving processes on grain surfaces have been invoked 6,7. Here we report James Webb Space Telescope observations of CH3+ in a protoplanetary disk in the Orion star-forming region. We find that gas-phase organic chemistry is activated by ultraviolet irradiation.
Published: 2023

15. PDRs4All: VI. Probing the photochemical evolution of PAHs in the Orion Bar using machine learning techniques.

Author: Pasquini, Sofia, Peeters, Els, Schefter, Bethany, Khan, Baria, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Cami, Jan, Tielens, Alexander, Alarcón, Felipe, Canin, Amélie, Schroetter, Ilane, Trahin, Boris, Van De Putte, Dries, Boersma, Christiaan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Onaka, Takashi, Candian, Alessandra, Hartigan, Patrick, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., and Rouillé, Gaël
Subjects: PHOTOAFFINITY labeling, POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons, K-means clustering
Abstract: Context. Extraordinary observations of the Orion Bar by JWST have shown, for the first time, the incredible richness of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission bands and their variation on very small scales. These variations are the result of photochemical evolution of the PAH carrier. Aims. We aim to probe the photochemical evolution of PAHs across the key zones of the ideal photodissociation region (PDR) that is the Orion Bar using unsupervised machine learning. Methods. We used JWST NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS observations of the Orion Bar from the JWST Early Release Science programme PDRs4All (ID: 1288). We levered bisecting k-means clustering to generate highly detailed spatial maps of the spectral variability in the 3.2–3.6, 5.95–6.6, 7.25–8.95, and 10.9–11.63 μm wavelength regions. We analysed and subsequently described the variations in the cluster profiles and connected them to the conditions of the physical locations from which they arise. We interpreted the origin of the observed variations with respect to the following key zones: the H II region, the atomic PDR zone, and the layers of the molecular PDR zone stratified by the first, second, and third dissociation fronts (DF 1, DF 2, and DF 3, respectively). Results. Observed PAH emission exhibits spectral variation that is highly dependent on the spatial position in the PDR. We find the 8.6 μm band to behave differently than all other bands, which vary systematically with one another. Notably, we find a uniform variation in the 3.4–3.6 μm bands and 3.4/3.3 intensity ratio. We attribute the carrier of the 3.4–3.6 μm bands to a single side group attached to very similarly sized PAHs. Further, cluster profiles reveal a transition between characteristic profile classes of the 11.2 μm feature from the atomic to the molecular PDR zones. We find the carriers of each of the profile classes to be independent, and reason the latter to be PAH clusters existing solely deep in the molecular PDR. Clustering also reveals a connection between the 11.2 and 6.2 μm bands and that clusters generated from variation in the 10.9–11.63 μm region can be used to recover those in the 5.95–6.6 μm region. Conclusions. Clustering is a powerful and comprehensive tool for characterising PAH spectral variability on both spatial and spectral scales. For individual bands as well as global spectral behaviours, we find ultraviolet processing to be the most important driver of the evolution of PAHs and their spectral signatures in the Orion Bar PDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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16. PDRs4All: III. JWST's NIR spectroscopic view of the Orion Bar.

Author: Peeters, Els, Habart, Emilie, Berné, Olivier, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Van De Putte, Dries, Trahin, Boris, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Alarcón, Felipe, Schefter, Bethany, Khan, Baria, Pasquini, Sofia, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Wolfire, Mark G., Dartois, Emmanuel, Goicoechea, Javier R., Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Onaka, Takashi, and Pound, Marc W.
Subjects: INTERSTELLAR medium, CHEMICAL processes, PROTOPLANETARY disks, STARS, GALACTIC evolution, SUPERGIANT stars
Abstract: Context. JWST has taken the sharpest and most sensitive infrared (IR) spectral imaging observations ever of the Orion Bar photodis-sociation region (PDR), which is part of the nearest massive star-forming region the Orion Nebula, and often considered to be the 'prototypical' strongly illuminated PDR. Aims. We investigate the impact of radiative feedback from massive stars on their natal cloud and focus on the transition from the H II region to the atomic PDR – crossing the ionisation front (IF) –, and the subsequent transition to the molecular PDR – crossing the dissociation front (DF). Given the prevalence of PDRs in the interstellar medium and their dominant contribution to IR radiation, understanding the response of the PDR gas to far-ultraviolet (FUV) photons and the associated physical and chemical processes is fundamental to our understanding of star and planet formation and for the interpretation of any unresolved PDR as seen by JWST. Methods. We used high-resolution near-IR integral field spectroscopic data from NIRSpec on JWST to observe the Orion Bar PDR as part of the PDRs4All JWST Early Release Science programme. We constructed a 3″ × 25″' spatio-spectral mosaic covering 0.97– 5.27 μm at a spectral resolution R of ~2700 and an angular resolution of 0.075″–0.173″. To study the properties of key regions captured in this mosaic, we extracted five template spectra in apertures centred on the three H2 dissociation fronts, the atomic PDR, and the H II region. This wealth of detailed spatial-spectral information was analysed in terms of variations in the physical conditions-incident UV field, density, and temperature – of the PDR gas. Results. The NIRSpec data reveal a forest of lines including, but not limited to, He I, H I , and C I recombination lines; ionic lines (e.g. Fe III and Fe II); O I and N I fluorescence lines; aromatic infrared bands (AIBs, including aromatic CH, aliphatic CH, and their CD counterparts); pure rotational and ro-vibrational lines from H2; and ro-vibrational lines from HD, CO, and CH+, with most of them having been detected for the first time towards a PDR. Their spatial distribution resolves the H and He ionisation structure in the Huygens region, gives insight into the geometry of the Bar, and confirms the large-scale stratification of PDRs. In addition, we observed numerous smaller-scale structures whose typical size decreases with distance from θ1 Ori C and IR lines from C I , if solely arising from radiative recombination and cascade, reveal very high gas temperatures (a few 1000 K) consistent with the hot irradiated surface of small-scale dense clumps inside the PDR. The morphology of the Bar, in particular that of the H2 lines, reveals multiple prominent filaments that exhibit different characteristics. This leaves the impression of a 'terraced' transition from the predominantly atomic surface region to the CO-rich molecular zone deeper in. We attribute the different characteristics of the H2 filaments to their varying depth into the PDR and, in some cases, not reaching the C+/C/CO transition. These observations thus reveal what local conditions are required to drive the physical and chemical processes needed to explain the different characteristics of the DFs and the photochemical evolution of the AIB carriers. Conclusions. This study showcases the discovery space created by JWST to further our understanding of the impact radiation from young stars has on their natal molecular cloud and proto-planetary disk, which touches on star and planet formation as well as galaxy evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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17. Formation of the methyl cation by photochemistry in a protoplanetary disk

Author: Berné, Olivier, primary, Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline, additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Goicoechea, Javier R., additional, Jacovella, Ugo, additional, Gans, Bérenger, additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Coudert, Laurent H., additional, Bergin, Edwin, additional, Alarcon, Felipe, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Black, John H., additional, Asvany, Oskar, additional, Habart, Emilie, additional, Peeters, Els, additional, Canin, Amelie, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Schlemmer, Stephan, additional, Thorwirth, Sven, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Tielens, Alexander, additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Boersma, Christiaan, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Elyajouri, Meriem, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Gordon, Karl D., additional, Issa, Lina, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Khan, Baria, additional, Lacinbala, Ozan, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Pasquini, Sofia, additional, Pound, Marc W., additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Schefter, Bethany, additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Tabone, Benoit, additional, Van De Putte, Dries, additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, and Wolfire, Mark G., additional
Published: 2023
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18. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Maryland, University of Michigan, University of Toledo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), German Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Berné, Olivier [0000-0002-1686-8395], Habart, Émilie [0000-0001-9136-8043], Peeters, Els [0000-0002-2541-1602], Abergel, Alain [0000-0003-2364-2260], Bergin, Edwin A. [0000-0003-4179-6394], Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo [0000-0002-8452-8675], Bron, Emeric [0000-0003-1532-7818], Cami, Jan [0000-0002-2666-9234], Dartois, Emmanuel [0000-0003-1197-7143], Fuente, Asunción [0000-0001-6317-6343], Goicoechea, Javier R. [0000-0001-7046-4319], Gordon, Karl D. [0000-0001-5340-6774], Okada, Yoko [0000-0002-6838-6435], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Robberto, Massimo [0000-0002-9573-3199], Röllig, Markus [0000-0001-6205-2242], Tielens, Alexander G.G.M. [0000-0003-0306-0028], Vicente, Sílvia [0000-0001-8973-0752], Wolfire, Mark G. [0000-0003-0030-9510], Alarcón, Felipe [0000-0002-2692-7862], Boersma, C. [0000-0002-4836-217X], Canin, Amélie [0000-0002-7830-6363], Chown, Ryan [0000-0001-8241-7704], Dicken, Daniel [0000-0003-0589-5969], Le Gal, Romane [0000-0003-1837-3772], Pound, Marc W. [0000-0002-7269-342X], Trahin, Boris [0000-0001-5875-5340], Sidhu, Ameek [0000-0003-3771-4990], Van De Putte, Dries [0000-0002-5895-8268], Cuadrado, Sara [0000-0002-7393-1813], Guilloteau, Claire [0000-0001-5800-9647], Maragkoudakis, Alexandros [0000-0003-2552-3871], Schefter, Bethany R. [0000-0001-5080-8030], Schirmer, Thiébaut [0000-0002-8086-4890], Aleman, Isabel [0000-0002-7989-9041], Allamandola, Louis [0000-0002-6049-4079], Auchettl, Rebecca [0000-0001-9296-0751], Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe [0000-0002-3688-160X], Bejaoui, Salma [0000-0001-8646-9464], Bera, Partha P. [0000-0003-0843-3209], Bilalbegović, Goranka [0000-0002-1058-6610], Black, John H. [0000-0001-7221-7207], Boulanger, Francois [0000-0003-1097-6042], Bouwman, Jordy [0000-0002-3615-1703], Brandl, Bernhard [0000-0001-9737-169X], Brünken, Sandra [0000-0001-7175-4828], Burkhardt, Andrew [0000-0003-0799-0927], Candian, Alessandra [0000-0002-5431-4449], Cernicharo, José [0000-0002-3518-2524], Chakraborty, Shubhadip [0000-0002-2982-6450], Champion, Jason [0000-0002-9256-8917], Colgan, Sean W.J. [0000-0001-6275-7437], Cooke, Ilsa R. [0000-0002-0850-7426], Coutens, Audrey [0000-0003-1805-3920], Cox, Nick L.J. [0000-0002-7926-4492], Demyk, Karine [0000-0002-5019-8700], Donovan Meyer, Jennifer [0000-0002-3106-7676], Engrand, Cécile [0000-0002-0396-5583], Foschino, Sacha [0000-0003-2455-2355], Gavilan, Lisseth [0000-0001-8645-8415], Gerin, Maryvonne [0000-0002-2418-7952], Godard, Marie [0000-0002-7276-4021], Gottlieb, Carl A. [0000-0003-2845-5317], Guillard, Pierre [0000-0002-2421-1350], Gusdorf, Antoine [0000-0002-0354-1684], Hartigan, Patrick [0000-0002-5380-549X], He, Jinhua [0000-0002-3938-4393], Herbst, Eric [0000-0002-4649-2536], Hornekaer, Liv [0000-0003-0828-3642], Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo [0000-0003-0079-3912], Joblin, Christine [0000-0003-1561-6118], Kaufman, Michael [0000-0002-2521-1985], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kendrew, Sarah [0000-0002-7612-0469], Kirsanova, Maria S. [0000-0003-4338-9055], Klaassen, Pamela [0000-0001-9443-0463], Knight, Collin [0000-0003-2968-3522], Kwok, Sun [0000-0001-7708-081X], Labiano, Álvaro [0000-0002-0690-8824], Lai, Thomas S.Y. [0000-0001-8490-6632], Lee, Timothy J. [0000-0002-2598-2237], Lefloch, Bertrand [0000-0002-9397-3826], Le Petit, Franck [0000-0001-8738-6724], Li, Aigen [0000-0002-1119-642X], Linz, Hendrik [0000-0002-8115-8437], MacKie, Cameron J. [0000-0003-2885-2021], Madden, Suzanne C. [0000-0003-3229-2899], Mascetti, Joëlle [0000-0002-8585-9118], McGuire, Brett A. [0000-0003-1254-4817], Merino, Pablo [0000-0002-0267-4020], Micelotta, Elisabetta R. [0000-0002-6555-5109], Morse, Jon A. [0000-0001-5895-2256], Berné, Olivier, Habart, Émilie, Peeters, Els, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Tielens, Alexander G.G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Alarcón, Felipe, Boersma, C., Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Dicken, Daniel, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Pound, Marc W., Trahin, Boris, Simmer, Thomas, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Cuadrado, Sara, Guilloteau, Claire, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Schefter, Bethany R., Schirmer, Thiébaut, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Bilalbegović, Goranka, Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W.J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L.J., Demyk, Karine, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Joblin, Christine, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Le Petit, Franck, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, MacKie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Maryland, University of Michigan, University of Toledo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), German Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Berné, Olivier [0000-0002-1686-8395], Habart, Émilie [0000-0001-9136-8043], Peeters, Els [0000-0002-2541-1602], Abergel, Alain [0000-0003-2364-2260], Bergin, Edwin A. [0000-0003-4179-6394], Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo [0000-0002-8452-8675], Bron, Emeric [0000-0003-1532-7818], Cami, Jan [0000-0002-2666-9234], Dartois, Emmanuel [0000-0003-1197-7143], Fuente, Asunción [0000-0001-6317-6343], Goicoechea, Javier R. [0000-0001-7046-4319], Gordon, Karl D. [0000-0001-5340-6774], Okada, Yoko [0000-0002-6838-6435], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Robberto, Massimo [0000-0002-9573-3199], Röllig, Markus [0000-0001-6205-2242], Tielens, Alexander G.G.M. [0000-0003-0306-0028], Vicente, Sílvia [0000-0001-8973-0752], Wolfire, Mark G. [0000-0003-0030-9510], Alarcón, Felipe [0000-0002-2692-7862], Boersma, C. [0000-0002-4836-217X], Canin, Amélie [0000-0002-7830-6363], Chown, Ryan [0000-0001-8241-7704], Dicken, Daniel [0000-0003-0589-5969], Le Gal, Romane [0000-0003-1837-3772], Pound, Marc W. [0000-0002-7269-342X], Trahin, Boris [0000-0001-5875-5340], Sidhu, Ameek [0000-0003-3771-4990], Van De Putte, Dries [0000-0002-5895-8268], Cuadrado, Sara [0000-0002-7393-1813], Guilloteau, Claire [0000-0001-5800-9647], Maragkoudakis, Alexandros [0000-0003-2552-3871], Schefter, Bethany R. [0000-0001-5080-8030], Schirmer, Thiébaut [0000-0002-8086-4890], Aleman, Isabel [0000-0002-7989-9041], Allamandola, Louis [0000-0002-6049-4079], Auchettl, Rebecca [0000-0001-9296-0751], Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe [0000-0002-3688-160X], Bejaoui, Salma [0000-0001-8646-9464], Bera, Partha P. [0000-0003-0843-3209], Bilalbegović, Goranka [0000-0002-1058-6610], Black, John H. [0000-0001-7221-7207], Boulanger, Francois [0000-0003-1097-6042], Bouwman, Jordy [0000-0002-3615-1703], Brandl, Bernhard [0000-0001-9737-169X], Brünken, Sandra [0000-0001-7175-4828], Burkhardt, Andrew [0000-0003-0799-0927], Candian, Alessandra [0000-0002-5431-4449], Cernicharo, José [0000-0002-3518-2524], Chakraborty, Shubhadip [0000-0002-2982-6450], Champion, Jason [0000-0002-9256-8917], Colgan, Sean W.J. [0000-0001-6275-7437], Cooke, Ilsa R. [0000-0002-0850-7426], Coutens, Audrey [0000-0003-1805-3920], Cox, Nick L.J. [0000-0002-7926-4492], Demyk, Karine [0000-0002-5019-8700], Donovan Meyer, Jennifer [0000-0002-3106-7676], Engrand, Cécile [0000-0002-0396-5583], Foschino, Sacha [0000-0003-2455-2355], Gavilan, Lisseth [0000-0001-8645-8415], Gerin, Maryvonne [0000-0002-2418-7952], Godard, Marie [0000-0002-7276-4021], Gottlieb, Carl A. [0000-0003-2845-5317], Guillard, Pierre [0000-0002-2421-1350], Gusdorf, Antoine [0000-0002-0354-1684], Hartigan, Patrick [0000-0002-5380-549X], He, Jinhua [0000-0002-3938-4393], Herbst, Eric [0000-0002-4649-2536], Hornekaer, Liv [0000-0003-0828-3642], Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo [0000-0003-0079-3912], Joblin, Christine [0000-0003-1561-6118], Kaufman, Michael [0000-0002-2521-1985], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kendrew, Sarah [0000-0002-7612-0469], Kirsanova, Maria S. [0000-0003-4338-9055], Klaassen, Pamela [0000-0001-9443-0463], Knight, Collin [0000-0003-2968-3522], Kwok, Sun [0000-0001-7708-081X], Labiano, Álvaro [0000-0002-0690-8824], Lai, Thomas S.Y. [0000-0001-8490-6632], Lee, Timothy J. [0000-0002-2598-2237], Lefloch, Bertrand [0000-0002-9397-3826], Le Petit, Franck [0000-0001-8738-6724], Li, Aigen [0000-0002-1119-642X], Linz, Hendrik [0000-0002-8115-8437], MacKie, Cameron J. [0000-0003-2885-2021], Madden, Suzanne C. [0000-0003-3229-2899], Mascetti, Joëlle [0000-0002-8585-9118], McGuire, Brett A. [0000-0003-1254-4817], Merino, Pablo [0000-0002-0267-4020], Micelotta, Elisabetta R. [0000-0002-6555-5109], Morse, Jon A. [0000-0001-5895-2256], Berné, Olivier, Habart, Émilie, Peeters, Els, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Tielens, Alexander G.G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Alarcón, Felipe, Boersma, C., Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Dicken, Daniel, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Pound, Marc W., Trahin, Boris, Simmer, Thomas, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Cuadrado, Sara, Guilloteau, Claire, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Schefter, Bethany R., Schirmer, Thiébaut, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Bilalbegović, Goranka, Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W.J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L.J., Demyk, Karine, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Joblin, Christine, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Le Petit, Franck, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, MacKie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, and Morse, Jon A.
Abstract: Massive stars disrupt their natal molecular cloud material through radiative and mechanical feedback processes. These processes have profound effects on the evolution of interstellar matter in our Galaxy and throughout the universe, from the era of vigorous star formation at redshifts of 1-3 to the present day. The dominant feedback processes can be probed by observations of the Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs) where the far-ultraviolet photons of massive stars create warm regions of gas and dust in the neutral atomic and molecular gas. PDR emission provides a unique tool to study in detail the physical and chemical processes that are relevant for most of the mass in inter-and circumstellar media including diffuse clouds, proto-planetary disks, and molecular cloud surfaces, globules, planetary nebulae, and star-forming regions. PDR emission dominates the infrared (IR) spectra of star-forming galaxies. Most of the Galactic and extragalactic observations obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will therefore arise in PDR emission. In this paper we present an Early Release Science program using the MIRI, NIRSpec, and NIRCam instruments dedicated to the observations of an emblematic and nearby PDR: the Orion Bar. These early JWST observations will provide template data sets designed to identify key PDR characteristics in JWST observations. These data will serve to benchmark PDR models and extend them into the JWST era. We also present the Science-Enabling products that we will provide to the community. These template data sets and Science-Enabling products will guide the preparation of future proposals on star-forming regions in our Galaxy and beyond and will facilitate data analysis and interpretation of forthcoming JWST observations.
Published: 2022

19. Modeling selectivity of antimicrobial peptides: how it depends on the presence of host cells and cell density

Author: Lee, Suemin, primary, Schefter, Bethany R., additional, Taheri-Araghi, Sattar, additional, and Ha, Bae-Yeun, additional
Published: 2023
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20. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

Author: Berné, Olivier, additional, Habart, Émilie, additional, Peeters, Els, additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Bergin, Edwin A., additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Goicoechea, Javier R., additional, Gordon, Karl D., additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, Wolfire, Mark G., additional, Alarcón, Felipe, additional, Boersma, C., additional, Canin, Amélie, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Pound, Marc W., additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Simmer, Thomas, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Van De Putte, Dries, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Guilloteau, Claire, additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Schefter, Bethany R., additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Cazaux, Stéphanie, additional, Aleman, Isabel, additional, Allamandola, Louis, additional, Auchettl, Rebecca, additional, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, additional, Bejaoui, Salma, additional, Bera, Partha P., additional, Bilalbegović, Goranka, additional, Black, John H., additional, Boulanger, Francois, additional, Bouwman, Jordy, additional, Brandl, Bernhard, additional, Brechignac, Philippe, additional, Brünken, Sandra, additional, Burkhardt, Andrew, additional, Candian, Alessandra, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Chabot, Marin, additional, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, additional, Champion, Jason, additional, Colgan, Sean W. J., additional, Cooke, Ilsa R., additional, Coutens, Audrey, additional, Cox, Nick L. J., additional, Demyk, Karine, additional, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, additional, Engrand, Cécile, additional, Foschino, Sacha, additional, García-Lario, Pedro, additional, Gavilan, Lisseth, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Godard, Marie, additional, Gottlieb, Carl A., additional, Guillard, Pierre, additional, Gusdorf, Antoine, additional, Hartigan, Patrick, additional, He, Jinhua, additional, Herbst, Eric, additional, Hornekaer, Liv, additional, Jäger, Cornelia, additional, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Kaufman, Michael, additional, Kemper, Francisca, additional, Kendrew, Sarah, additional, Kirsanova, Maria S., additional, Klaassen, Pamela, additional, Knight, Collin, additional, Kwok, Sun, additional, Labiano, Álvaro, additional, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., additional, Lee, Timothy J., additional, Lefloch, Bertrand, additional, Le Petit, Franck, additional, Li, Aigen, additional, Linz, Hendrik, additional, Mackie, Cameron J., additional, Madden, Suzanne C., additional, Mascetti, Joëlle, additional, McGuire, Brett A., additional, Merino, Pablo, additional, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., additional, Misselt, Karl, additional, Morse, Jon A., additional, Mulas, Giacomo, additional, Neelamkodan, Naslim, additional, Ohsawa, Ryou, additional, Omont, Alain, additional, Paladini, Roberta, additional, Elisabetta Palumbo, Maria, additional, Pathak, Amit, additional, Pendleton, Yvonne J., additional, Petrignani, Annemieke, additional, Pino, Thomas, additional, Puga, Elena, additional, Rangwala, Naseem, additional, Rapacioli, Mathias, additional, Ricca, Alessandra, additional, Roman-Duval, Julia, additional, Roser, Joseph, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Rouillé, Gaël, additional, Salama, Farid, additional, Sales, Dinalva A., additional, Sandstrom, Karin, additional, Sarre, Peter, additional, Sciamma-O’Brien, Ella, additional, Sellgren, Kris, additional, Shannon, Matthew J., additional, Shenoy, Sachindev S., additional, Teyssier, David, additional, Thomas, Richard D., additional, Togi, Aditya, additional, Verstraete, Laurent, additional, Witt, Adolf N., additional, Wootten, Alwyn, additional, Ysard, Nathalie, additional, Zettergren, Henning, additional, Zhang, Yong, additional, Zhang, Ziwei E., additional, and Zhen, Junfeng, additional
Published: 2022
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21. Modeling Cell Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptides: How Is the Selectivity Influenced by Intracellular Peptide Uptake and Cell Density

Author: Schefter, Bethany R., primary, Nourbakhsh, Shokoofeh, additional, Taheri-Araghi, Sattar, additional, and Ha, Bae-Yeun, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

Author: Olivier Berné, Émilie Habart, Els Peeters, Alain Abergel, Edwin A. Bergin, Jeronimo Bernard-Salas, Emeric Bron, Jan Cami, Emmanuel Dartois, Asunción Fuente, Javier R. Goicoechea, Karl D. Gordon, Yoko Okada, Takashi Onaka, Massimo Robberto, Markus Röllig, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Sílvia Vicente, Mark G. Wolfire, Felipe Alarcón, C. Boersma, Amélie Canin, Ryan Chown, Daniel Dicken, David Languignon, Romane Le Gal, Marc W. Pound, Boris Trahin, Thomas Simmer, Ameek Sidhu, Dries Van De Putte, Sara Cuadrado, Claire Guilloteau, Alexandros Maragkoudakis, Bethany R. Schefter, Thiébaut Schirmer, Stéphanie Cazaux, Isabel Aleman, Louis Allamandola, Rebecca Auchettl, Giuseppe Antonio Baratta, Salma Bejaoui, Partha P. Bera, Goranka Bilalbegović, John H. Black, Francois Boulanger, Jordy Bouwman, Bernhard Brandl, Philippe Brechignac, Sandra Brünken, Andrew Burkhardt, Alessandra Candian, Jose Cernicharo, Marin Chabot, Shubhadip Chakraborty, Jason Champion, Sean W. J. Colgan, Ilsa R. Cooke, Audrey Coutens, Nick L. J. Cox, Karine Demyk, Jennifer Donovan Meyer, Cécile Engrand, Sacha Foschino, Pedro García-Lario, Lisseth Gavilan, Maryvonne Gerin, Marie Godard, Carl A. Gottlieb, Pierre Guillard, Antoine Gusdorf, Patrick Hartigan, Jinhua He, Eric Herbst, Liv Hornekaer, Cornelia Jäger, Eduardo Janot-Pacheco, Christine Joblin, Michael Kaufman, Francisca Kemper, Sarah Kendrew, Maria S. Kirsanova, Pamela Klaassen, Collin Knight, Sun Kwok, Álvaro Labiano, Thomas S.-Y. Lai, Timothy J. Lee, Bertrand Lefloch, Franck Le Petit, Aigen Li, Hendrik Linz, Cameron J. Mackie, Suzanne C. Madden, Joëlle Mascetti, Brett A. McGuire, Pablo Merino, Elisabetta R. Micelotta, Karl Misselt, Jon A. Morse, Giacomo Mulas, Naslim Neelamkodan, Ryou Ohsawa, Alain Omont, Roberta Paladini, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Amit Pathak, Yvonne J. Pendleton, Annemieke Petrignani, Thomas Pino, Elena Puga, Naseem Rangwala, Mathias Rapacioli, Alessandra Ricca, Julia Roman-Duval, Joseph Roser, Evelyne Roueff, Gaël Rouillé, Farid Salama, Dinalva A. Sales, Karin Sandstrom, Peter Sarre, Ella Sciamma-O’Brien, Kris Sellgren, Matthew J. Shannon, Sachindev S. Shenoy, David Teyssier, Richard D. Thomas, Aditya Togi, Laurent Verstraete, Adolf N. Witt, Alwyn Wootten, Nathalie Ysard, Henning Zettergren, Yong Zhang, Ziwei E. Zhang, Junfeng Zhen, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid, Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Physikalisches Institut [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Meisei University, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), Australian Synchrotron [Clayton], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), University of Zagreb, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute for Molecules and Materials [Nijmegen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], Wellesley College, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Charlottesville] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Rice University [Houston], Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), University of Virginia, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Telespazio, Services par satellites, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques Laboratoire (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Stockholm University, Texas State University, Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BEL, BRA, CHL, TWN, HRV, DNK, JPN, IND, NLD, PRT, CHN, RUS, SWE, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Maryland, University of Michigan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), German Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, San José State University Research Foundation, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Émilie, Peeters, Els, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Tielens, Alexander G.G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Alarcón, Felipe, Boersma, C., Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Dicken, Daniel, Le Gal, Romane, Pound, Marc W., Trahin, Boris, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Cuadrado, Sara, Guilloteau, Claire, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Schefter, Bethany R., Schirmer, Thiébaut, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Bilalbegović, Goranka, Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brünken, Sandra, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cernicharo, José, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W.J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L.J., Demyk, Karine, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Joblin, Christine, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Le Petit, Franck, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, MacKie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Molecular Spectroscopy (HIMS, FNWI), and HIMS (FNWI)
Subjects: Gaseous Nebulae, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, FELIX Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy, Star Forming Regions, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Infrared Telescopes, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Photodissociation Regions, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs), Massive stars, Orion Bar, MIRI, NIRSpec, NIRCam, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: 22 pags., 8 figs., 1 tab., Massive stars disrupt their natal molecular cloud material through radiative and mechanical feedback processes. These processes have profound effects on the evolution of interstellar matter in our Galaxy and throughout the universe, from the era of vigorous star formation at redshifts of 1-3 to the present day. The dominant feedback processes can be probed by observations of the Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs) where the far-ultraviolet photons of massive stars create warm regions of gas and dust in the neutral atomic and molecular gas. PDR emission provides a unique tool to study in detail the physical and chemical processes that are relevant for most of the mass in inter-and circumstellar media including diffuse clouds, proto-planetary disks, and molecular cloud surfaces, globules, planetary nebulae, and star-forming regions. PDR emission dominates the infrared (IR) spectra of star-forming galaxies. Most of the Galactic and extragalactic observations obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will therefore arise in PDR emission. In this paper we present an Early Release Science program using the MIRI, NIRSpec, and NIRCam instruments dedicated to the observations of an emblematic and nearby PDR: the Orion Bar. These early JWST observations will provide template data sets designed to identify key PDR characteristics in JWST observations. These data will serve to benchmark PDR models and extend them into the JWST era. We also present the Science-Enabling products that we will provide to the community. These template data sets and Science-Enabling products will guide the preparation of future proposals on star-forming regions in our Galaxy and beyond and will facilitate data analysis and interpretation of forthcoming JWST observations., Support for JWST-ERS program ID 1288 was provided through grants from the STScI under NASA contract NAS5-03127 to STScI (K.G., D.V.D.P., M.R.), Univ. of Maryland (M.W., M.P.), Univ. of Michigan (E.B., F.A.), and Univ. of Toledo (T.S.-Y.L.). O.B. and E.H. are supported by the Programme National “Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES, and through APR grants 6315 and 6410 provided by CNES. E. P. and J.C. acknowledge support from the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant program (RGPIN-2020-06434 and RGPIN-2021-04197 respectively). E.P. acknowledges support from a Western Strategic Support Accelerator Grant (ROLA ID 0000050636). J.R.G. and S.C. thank the Spanish MCINN for funding support under grant PID2019-106110GB-I00. Work by M.R. and Y.O. is carried out within the Collaborative Research Centre 956, subproject C1, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)—project ID 184018867. T.O. acknowledges support from JSPS Bilateral Program, grant No. 120219939. M.P. and M.W. acknowledge support from NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program award #80NSSC19K0573. C.B. is grateful for an appointment at NASA Ames Research Center through the San José State University Research Foundation (NNX17AJ88A) and acknowledges support from the Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Directed Work Package at NASA Ames titled: “Laboratory Astrophysics—The NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database.”
Published: 2022
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23. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk.

Author: Berné O, Habart E, Peeters E, Schroetter I, Canin A, Sidhu A, Chown R, Bron E, Haworth TJ, Klaassen P, Trahin B, Van De Putte D, Alarcón F, Zannese M, Abergel A, Bergin EA, Bernard-Salas J, Boersma C, Cami J, Cuadrado S, Dartois E, Dicken D, Elyajouri M, Fuente A, Goicoechea JR, Gordon KD, Issa L, Joblin C, Kannavou O, Khan B, Lacinbala O, Languignon D, Le Gal R, Maragkoudakis A, Meshaka R, Okada Y, Onaka T, Pasquini S, Pound MW, Robberto M, Röllig M, Schefter B, Schirmer T, Simmer T, Tabone B, Tielens AGGM, Vicente S, Wolfire MG, Aleman I, Allamandola L, Auchettl R, Baratta GA, Baruteau C, Bejaoui S, Bera PP, Black JH, Boulanger F, Bouwman J, Brandl B, Brechignac P, Brünken S, Buragohain M, Burkhardt A, Candian A, Cazaux S, Cernicharo J, Chabot M, Chakraborty S, Champion J, Colgan SWJ, Cooke IR, Coutens A, Cox NLJ, Demyk K, Meyer JD, Engrand C, Foschino S, García-Lario P, Gavilan L, Gerin M, Godard M, Gottlieb CA, Guillard P, Gusdorf A, Hartigan P, He J, Herbst E, Hornekaer L, Jäger C, Janot-Pacheco E, Kaufman M, Kemper F, Kendrew S, Kirsanova MS, Knight C, Kwok S, Labiano Á, Lai TS, Lee TJ, Lefloch B, Le Petit F, Li A, Linz H, Mackie CJ, Madden SC, Mascetti J, McGuire BA, Merino P, Micelotta ER, Morse JA, Mulas G, Neelamkodan N, Ohsawa R, Paladini R, Palumbo ME, Pathak A, Pendleton YJ, Petrignani A, Pino T, Puga E, Rangwala N, Rapacioli M, Ricca A, Roman-Duval J, Roueff E, Rouillé G, Salama F, Sales DA, Sandstrom K, Sarre P, Sciamma-O'Brien E, Sellgren K, Shannon MJ, Simonnin A, Shenoy SS, Teyssier D, Thomas RD, Togi A, Verstraete L, Witt AN, Wootten A, Ysard N, Zettergren H, Zhang Y, Zhang ZE, and Zhen J
Abstract: Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.
Published: 2024
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23 results on '"Schefter, Bethany"'

1. PDRs4All XI. Empirical prescriptions for the interpretation of JWST imaging observations of star-forming regions

2. PDRs4All VIII: Mid-IR emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

3. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

4. Formation of the Methyl Cation by Photochemistry in a Protoplanetary Disk

5. OH as a probe of the warm water cycle in planet-forming disks

6. PDRs4All III: JWST's NIR spectroscopic view of the Orion Bar

7. PDRs4All II: JWST's NIR and MIR imaging view of the Orion Nebula

8. PDRs4All IV. An embarrassment of riches: Aromatic infrared bands in the Orion Bar

9. OH as a probe of the warm-water cycle in planet-forming disks

10. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on radiative feedback from massive stars

11. PDRs4All. VIII. Mid-infrared emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

12. PDRs4All

13. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

14. Formation of the methyl cation by photochemistry in a protoplanetary disk

15. PDRs4All: VI. Probing the photochemical evolution of PAHs in the Orion Bar using machine learning techniques.

16. PDRs4All: III. JWST's NIR spectroscopic view of the Orion Bar.

17. Formation of the methyl cation by photochemistry in a protoplanetary disk

18. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

19. Modeling selectivity of antimicrobial peptides: how it depends on the presence of host cells and cell density

20. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

21. Modeling Cell Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptides: How Is the Selectivity Influenced by Intracellular Peptide Uptake and Cell Density

22. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

23. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk.

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23 results on '"Schefter, Bethany"'

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