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Active travel to school is one way youth can incorporate physical activity into their daily schedule. It is unclear the extent to which active travel to school is systematically monitored at local, state, or national levels. To determine the extent of active travel to school surveillance in North America and catalog the types of measures captured, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature documenting active travel to school surveillance published from 2004 to February 2018. A study was included if it addressed children’s school travel mode across two or more time-periods in North America. Criteria were applied to determine whether a data source was considered an active travel to school surveillance system. We identified 15 unique data sources; 4 of these met our surveillance system criteria. One system is conducted in the US, is nationally representative, and occurs every 5-8 years. Three are conducted in Canada, are limited geographically to regions and provinces, and are administered with greater frequency (e.g., 2-year cycles). School travel mode was the primary measure assessed, most commonly through parent report. None of the systems collected data on school policies or program supports related to active travel to school. We conclude that incorporating questions related to active travel to school behaviors into existing surveillance systems, and maintaining them over time, would enable more consistent monitoring. Concurrently capturing behavioral information along with related environmental, policy, and program supports may inform efforts to promote active travel to school.

Blockchain has become one of the most developing technologies in our country. Blockchain technology is a decentralized, distributed ledger that records the sources of digital assets. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) accommodates patient’s medical history, which has been carried out by a Physician or Doctor in a particular clinic or hospital or Healthcare center. Whereas, Electronic Health Record (EHR) holds patient’s entire health history, including immunization plans, diagnosis, lab reports, inoculation schedule, etc.,. This feature empowers the usage of Health IT in a more secure way with the amendment of blockchain technology. These records are maintained smart contract between the patient and the healthcare sector. In both EMR and EHR, the patient is the owner of his own data. This paper incorporates the features of blockchain technology to provide a collaborative work on Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and it concentrates highly in diabetes as it has a sharp magnification in current world. Though it is tedious to implement this EHR all over the country, this paper works for its implementation especially in the domain of diabetes.

Mental health treatment noncompliance (preintake attrition, premature termination) has serious consequences both for mental health providers, as well as for individuals suffering from mental illness. However, prior work has examined preintake attrition and premature treatment termination separately, which limits our ability to determine when attrition is highest (before or after intake), and whether different factors predict attrition throughout the treatment process. Moreover, preintake attrition has been conceptualized as failing to attend a scheduled intake, thereby overlooking potential attrition that may occur earlier. The current investigation sought to fill these gaps using data from a university training mental health clinic. Of the 264 individuals who initiated contact with the clinic between 2012 and 2017, only about a quarter of individuals successfully completed therapy. Nearly 60% of prospective clients who contacted the clinic did not schedule intake. Although 10% of attrition occurred before the clinic could even recontact prospective clients, being placed on a waitlist accounted for the most attrition. Indeed, nearly two thirds of individuals placed on the waitlist did not schedule an intake, accounting for 30% of the overall sample. Client factors (age, previous psychotherapy engagement) did not predict preintake attrition, but wait times did. Having just one "no show" for an appointment predicted premature termination, decreasing the likelihood of completion to one in four. Together, these findings suggest that attrition was the highest prior to scheduling intake, and different factors predicted preintake attrition and premature termination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Background Overordering of blood has been a challenge faced by the blood bank staff. The present study addresses the role of maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) in optimizing the blood inventory management. Methods The blood requests for elective surgical procedures from various surgical departments were reviewed to constitute MSBOS. Transfusion profile was assessed using crossmatch to transfused units (C/T) ratio, transfusion probability (TP), and transfusion index (TI). A cutoff of 0.3 and 5% value of TI and TP, respectively, was considered to decide on the type of crossmatch. The efficacy of MSBOS implementation has been determined prospectively by unpaired t test using SPSS software, version 20 (IBM, USA). Results A total of 2674 patients were studied. Overall red cell usage rate was 15%. The comprehensive C/T ratio was 4.57. The C/T ratios for the various departments ranged from 1 to 8.5 (adjusted C/T ratio). Highest C/T ratio was observed for surgical procedures performed in the specialties of otorhinolaryngology and urology. A C/T ratio greater than 5 was noted in 30.4% of different types of surgical procedures. Of the 176 different types of elective surgical procedures studied, type and screen protocol was applicable for 75.5% (133) of the procedures. After implementation of MSBOS, the number of crossmatches reduced by 2152 and total working time saved in our laboratory is close to 75,320 man hours. Conclusion MSBOS helps in identifying the common surgical procedures with low TP and is one of the efficient tools in preventing the overordering of the blood.

To provide the first nationwide characterization of the clinical learning environment in American urological training programs.A survey was sent to program directors (PD) at American Urological Association-accredited urological training programs after requesting their email address from each program coordinator. The 21-question survey was designed to ascertain key components of each training environment: demographics, training model, clinic structure, and resident perception.The program coordinator of 131 American Urological Association-accredited training programs received an email for participation, yielding the PD email for 113 programs. 60/113 (53%) PDs responded to the survey. Residents participated in clinic at the following types of hospitals: Children's 51 (85%), County/Indigent 23 (38%), Private 29 (48%), University 56 (93%), Veterans Administration 38 (63%). Prevalence of clinical training models is presented in table 1. On average, PDs estimated their residents spend 2.6 half days in clinic each week (1-6). Thirteen programs (22%) reported a "clinic only" rotation, varying from 1 to 6 months total. PDs reported time constraint and schedule to be the biggest barrier to teaching in clinic and 40% felt residents see clinic as a valuable part of their training while 30% felt residents see clinic as a necessary exercise but with limitations to learning opportunities.We present the first characterization of resident participation in the clinical learning environment. Structure is highly variable and directed effort is necessary to move toward improved assessment and monitoring of resident competency in clinic.

CONTEXT Accurate provider directories and whether consumers can schedule timely appointments are crucial determinants of health access and outcomes. We assessed whether consumers can rely on provider directories to find in-network primary care providers, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and gastroenterologists for 2018 and 2019 for all managed care plans in California and whether they can access these providers in a timely manner. METHOD We used large, random, and representative surveys of provider directories for all managed care plans in California for four specialties obtained from the California Department of Managed Health Care with a total of 657,012 observations (290,711 for 2018 and 475,524 for 2019). FINDINGS Surveys were able to verify provider directory entries for the four specialties for 59% to 76% of listings or 78% to 88% of providers reached. Moreover, we found that consumers were able to schedule urgent care appointments for 28% to 54% of listings or 44% to 72% of appropriately listed providers. For general care appointments, the percentages ranged from 35% to 64% of listed providers or 51% to 87% of appropriately listed providers. Differences across markets were generally small related to accuracy. Medi-Cal plans outperformed other markets with regards to timely access. Primary care consistently outperformed all other specialties. Timely access rates were higher for general appointments than for urgent care appointments. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that California is one of the most active and well-resourced regulators in the nation, we found concerning results for consumers when it comes to locating in-network providers and gaining timely access. This raises questions about the regulatory regime as well as consumer access and health outcomes.

Purpose To evaluate inpatient and infusion pharmacist order verification productivity when working from home and to report their perceptions of a flexible workplace setting. Methods Order verification data was pulled from the electronic medical record from April 27, 2020 – June 30, 2020, matched to the pharmacist schedule based on work setting, and reported as average orders verified per day. Pharmacist perceptions were gathered via a survey to evaluate practice setting background, workplace setting preference, and perceived changes in workflow and their productivity. Results There was an overall increase in order verification productivity when working from home. Inpatient pharmacists on average verified 152 orders per day from home and 133 orders per day on-site. Infusion pharmacists on average verified 144 orders per day working from home and 117 orders per day working on-site. 59% of pharmacists reported preferring the mix of on-site and home workplace setting and noted little change in workflow. Additionally, 57% of the pharmacists perceive themselves as being more productive, 32% as maintaining the same level of productivity, and 10% feel they are less productive when working from home. The order verification data showed a greater increase in productivity for infusion shifts worked from home than inpatient shifts. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic prompted pharmacy departments to re-evaluate their ability to provide an option for a flexible workplace for pharmacists. Our study demonstrates that pharmacists on average verified more orders when working from home, and they also perceive themselves as being more productive. The results of this study support long-term applicability of a flexible work schedule for inpatient and infusion pharmacists

Background Zimbabwe has one of the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer in the world – 61.7 per 100,000 women. The government of Zimbabwe introduced bivalent HPV vaccine with a 0,12 month schedule to all 10–14 year old girls using a pulsed-campaign approach in May 2018 (dose 1) and May 2019 (dose 2). Methods In August 2019, we conducted a population-based, two-stage cluster survey of households with girls who were eligible for the national HPV vaccination program to determine two-dose HPV vaccination coverage in three districts of Zimbabwe. All households with girls currently aged 11 to 15 years were line-listed through a census conducted in the pre-selected clusters from each district prior to survey administration. A simple random sample of eligible households was selected from these lists to estimate HPV vaccine coverage at sufficient power with a margin of error of +/- 5%. Criteria for district selection included estimated vaccine uptake (low, medium, high), rural/urban/peri-urban, geographic area, estimated number of girls not in school, and recent natural disasters or disease outbreaks. We oversampled households with girls aged 13 or 14 years at the time of dose 1. Results On-time dose 1 uptake ranged from 88 to 94% and two-dose HPV vaccine coverage ranged from 75 to 86% across the three districts. Nearly all vaccinations occurred in schools, and less than 2% of girls did not attend school. There were challenges assessing ages of girls at schools prior to vaccination – 9% of girls vaccinated were less than 10 years old at time of dose 1. Discussion Zimbabwe has demonstrated that high uptake and successful completion of 2-dose HPV vaccination can be achieved with an annual dosing schedule. Efforts going forward will need to focus on minimizing dropout between doses and routinizing annual vaccinations in schools for every subsequent new cohort of eligible girls in the country.

Purpose To evaluate the impact of the current structure and schedule of the American Board of Radiology (ABR) radiation oncology initial certification (RO-IC) examinations, with a primary focus on implications for family planning and early professional barriers among female radiation oncologists. Methods and Materials The Society of Women in Radiation Oncology (SWRO) conducted a survey of crowdsourced ABR candidates and diplomates for radiation oncology between June and July of 2020. The primary study cohort was early career female radiation oncologists of the 2016 through 2021 graduating classes. Results The survey response rate of early career female radiation oncologists was 37% (126 of an estimated 337). Among this cohort, 58% (73 of 126) reported they delayed or are currently delaying / timing pregnancy or adoption to accommodate the annual schedule of the four qualifying and certifying examinations required to achieve board certification in radiation oncology. One in every five respondents who had attempted to become pregnant reported experiencing infertility (25 of 79, 20%). Women who reported intentionally delaying pregnancy to accommodate the ABR RO-IC examination schedule were significantly more likely to experience infertility (46% versus 18%, p=0.008). Seven women (6%) reported at least a one-year delay in sitting for a RO-IC examination due to an unavoidable scheduling conflict related to childbirth and/or the peripartum period. A majority reported that full board certification had a significant impact on achieving academic promotion or professional partnership (52%), annual compensation (54%), and non-clinical professional commitments (58%)—these rates mirror those of surveyed early career male counterparts (n=101). Conclusions The current structure and scheduling of the ABR RO-IC examinations imposes noteworthy hurdles for many female radiation oncologists when entering the workforce. The recent transition to virtual examination platforms creates an important opportunity to increase flexibility in the structure and scheduling of the board examination process to improve equitable board certification practices.

Educational training in professional programs forms the foundation for how a person problem-solves throughout their career. However, training focused on only one profession ignores the value realized through collaborations among multiple professions for solving health-related problems. This is at the core of inter-professional education (IPE). Effective IPE programs can result in inter-professional collaboration and translation science endeavors across the health sciences and beyond. Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the opioid crisis highlight the importance of veterinary medicine in advancing One Health through IPE. The prevalence of IPE programs in veterinary curricula, and the process by which these have been established, has not been widely described in the literature. Through an 18-question survey sent to associate deans (ADs) of 50 veterinary schools, we sought to determine the status of IPE in the veterinary curriculum. Thirty-nine schools agreed to participate, representing primarily United States Doctor of Veterinary Medicine public and private programs with some representation from Canadian, United Kingdom, and Australasian programs. Schools that provide IPE courses developed their programs in collaboration with other health sciences programs across the 4-year curriculum. The perceived barriers for IPE offerings were no different between schools with or without opportunities; however, a lack of faculty and student-perceived value and lack of adequate space in the academic schedule were common threads. Our findings provide a snapshot of the current state of IPE in veterinary medical curricula, with a particular emphasis on the United States, and point to areas of programmatic need for the field.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether premedical programming can address the interest level and perception of barriers to women in orthopaedics held by female high school and medical students. DESIGN A thirteen-question paper-based survey was distributed among the high school and medical school participants prior to the January 2020 Perry Outreach Program and Medical Student Outreach Program. After a day of participation in mock procedures and speaker sessions, participants subsequently completed another survey of seven-questions. SETTING The Perry Outreach Program and Medical Student Outreach Program were conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham campus. PARTICIPANTS Participants consisted of high school and medical school women hailing from the Birmingham metropolitan area, who had signed up for the Perry programs via email, outreach to local high schools, and social media interest pages. Participant sampling was stratified by race and level of education (high school vs. medical school). RESULTS A total of 36 women, 18 high school and 18 medical school, attended the Perry Initiative events and responded to the pre-event and post-event surveys. Before the Perry Initiative programs, all participants felt women faced more barriers than men in pursuing a career in orthopaedics. Participation in the Perry Initiative event increased average interest in orthopaedics by 28% among high school and 11% among medical school students. CONCLUSIONS Prior to the Perry Initiative, 31% percent of the total attendees reported knowing a female orthopaedist. The Perry Initiative improved perceptions of both high school and medical students regarding the ability of women to have a work/life balance, family life, and children during orthopaedics residency. Medical student participation in the events led to a decreased belief in barriers regarding schedule, family life, perceptions of an orthopaedic surgeon, and perceptions of peers within healthcare setting.

A 14-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with fever, loose stools, shortness of breath and swelling over the right popliteal fossa for 5 days. He had no significant past medical history and received all the vaccinations according to the immunisation schedule. He had an oxygen

Although coworkers are spending an increasing share of their working time interacting with one another, little is known about how the coordination of hours among heterogenous coworkers affects pay, productivity and labor supply. In this paper, we use new linked employer-employee dataon hours worked in Denmark to first document evidence of positive correlations between wages, productivity and the degree of hours coordination - measured as the dispersion of hours - within firms. We then estimate labor supply elasticities by exploiting changes made to the personal income tax schedule in 2010. We find that hours coordination is associated with attenuated labor supply elasticity and spillovers on coworkers not directly affected by the tax change. These spillovers led to a 15% increase in the marginal excess burden from the 2010 tax reform, and if ignored, they induce substantial downward bias in estimates of the labor supply elasticity. We explain these findings in a framework in which differently productive firms choose whether to coordinate hours in exchange for productivity gains, leading more productive firms to select into coordinating hours and to pay compensating wage differentials.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding his pioneering efforts in starting robotic companies and commercializing technological inventions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Jack Morrison, CEO and Co-Founder, Scythe Robotics. Morrison shares how he and his co-founders started this innovative company, the milestones and challenges he’s faced and his long-term goals. Findings Morrison received Bachelor of Arts degrees in Computer Science and German from Bowdoin College. He attended The George Washington University as a PhD student in Computer Science but left to co-found Replica Labs, a producer of software that turns any mobile phone into a high-quality 3D scanner. Morrison served as Replica’s CTO until it was acquired by Occipital in 2016, where he stayed on as a computer vision engineer until co-founding Scythe Robotics in April 2018. Originality/value While mowing his lawn in Colorado, Jack Morrison had a sudden insight: what if he could apply the latest robotics technology he was so familiar with to the challenge of commercialized landscaping? In 2018, Morrison teamed up with Replica Labs co-founder Isaac Roberts and Occipital’s Davis Foster, to create Scythe Robotics, a company that builds autonomous robotics solutions for the $105bn commercial landscaping industry. In June 2021, Scythe Robotics emerged from stealth with over $18m in funding with its first commercial product: a transformational, all-electric, fully autonomous mower designed to keep crew productivity high while also increasing the quality of cut and worker safety. The machine features eight high dynamic range cameras and a suite of other sensors that enable it to operate safely in dynamic environments by identifying and responding to the presence of humans, animals and other potential obstacles. Simultaneously, the machine captures valuable property and mower performance data, which helps landscape contractors improve workflow, identify upsell opportunities, schedule more efficiently and manage labor costs. The all-electric powertrain is quiet, emissions-free and radically more reliable than gas-powered manual mowers. Scythe Robotics’ business model is based on Robot as a Service. Instead of buying machines outright, customers are billed by acres mowed. This massively reduces contractors’ expenses and eliminates substantial costs. Scythe Robotics is headquartered in Boulder, Colorado and has offices in Vero Beach, FL and Austin, TX. Scythe is the recipient of the 2020 ALCC (Associated Landscape Contractors CO) Innovation Winner and the 2021 Colorado OEDIT Advanced Industries Grantee.

Women are the builder and moulder of nation's destiny. Though delicate and soft as lily, she has a heart, far stronger and bolder than of man. She is supreme inspiration of man's onward march. Empowerment comes from Women's groups who seek to empower themselves through greater self-reliance. They have right to determine their own choices in life. They also seek to gain control and access to resources. The present study was conducted to find out the “Constraints Faced by Women in Empowerment through Income Generating Activities in Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh.” In Vishakhapatnam District Anakapalli Mandal was selected for data collection. Data was collected from 120 respondents randomly from 6 villages using pre-tested structured interview schedule and analyzed using frequency, percentage, scoring and coefficient of correlation. From this present study the major constraints faced by the respondents are Family restriction, Lack of education, Proper marketing facilities, Lack of proper guidance and financial limitations, Lack of resources, Lack of training and Lack of knowledge, skills and Mismanagement. It was suggested that Family should support to women for participating in different type of income generating activities followed by Women farmers should focus on increasing their education, Govt. should focus on increasing the Proper marketing facilities, Women empowerment organization should focus on proper guidance and different training programmes and Govt. & private organizations should provide funds for financial supports. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i11.002

Childhood trauma has well-documented negative effects on children, including in the school setting. First Nations students are disproportionately exposed to trauma. However, limited research has explored teachers’ experiences in response to trauma-affected First Nations students. This study aimed to explore teachers’ experiences of supporting First Nations students with a trauma history. Ten teachers and school staff were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule, and the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Six themes emerged from the interviews: (1) The Landscape of Trauma; (2) The Impact of Trauma; (3) Trust and Relationships; (4) An Individualised Approach; (5) Red Tape; and (6) The Silver Lining. Results showed that culturally responsive training is required to equip schools to support First Nations students with a trauma background. Future research should also evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-informed programs with marginalised student populations.

INTRODUCTION The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) established a cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship in 2013. Programs often outline details of fellowships on their websites to help prospective applicants make informed decisions. Our primary goal was to evaluate the content quality of online information for all ASDS-accredited cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowships on program websites and the ASDS website. Our secondary goal was to describe program activity on social media platforms as another avenue for applicant recruitment. METHODS Program websites were assessed using an aggregate score from twenty-one standardized content quality variables. Social media activity on Facebook and Instagram from January 6 2021, to March 6, 2021, was categorized. RESULTS Among 24 cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship programs, 23 had websites. Basic information was provided across most websites or the ASDS website (eg, address, 95.8%), but more qualitative variables like research opportunities or didactic schedule were not consistently reported. Most programs had highly active social media accounts (91.7% on Facebook and 79.2% on Instagram). CONCLUSION There is a gap of information availability between the ASDS website and individual cosmetic dermatologic surgery fellowship websites. Increasing information availability may enhance the applicant recruitment process and serve as a low-cost intervention to ensure optimal fit.

This paper established prevalence of the characteristics in the shoplifting crimes and determined the supermarket operators’ perception of the effects of shoplifting crimes on society. The study was guided by three objectives: to establish offender characteristics of the shoplifting crimes, to establish prevalence of the characteristics in the shoplifting crimes and to determine the supermarket operators’ perception of the effects of shoplifting crimes on society. The study was guided by Rational Choice and the Routine Activity Theories. The study used a census sampling technique with a sample size of a hundred respondents. These included 90 junior employees of Tuskys, Uchumi and Naivas Supermarkets, 3 branch managers, 3 police officers within the area of the study and 4 officials of the Nairobi Supermarkets Association. Interview schedule was used to collect data. Data collected was organized, summarized and interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages. The findings revealed that the prevalence of shoplifting was 1-2 incidences in a week. The results also revealed that the most commonly used method was concealing of items which were majorly done by women. Further, whereas there are other types of shoplifters, a concern raised by 30% of the respondents is that significant number of criminals has made shoplifting a career. This should inform policy makers, especially in this era of unprecedented unemployment. Additionally, as indicated by 55% of the respondents, staff colluded with criminals to steal from the supermarkets. This should appeal to supermarket operators as this may have an implication on supermarket businesses in the CBD. The study recommends several target hardening strategies to counter shoplifting crimes that included using high Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) programmed surveillance and records linked to the law enforcement through alarm trigger alerts in case of suspicious activities, with high-quality identifiable traceable images of shoplifters, to local law enforcement agencies.

Introduction: There is an assumption that domestic violence only affected women. However, studies have shown that domestic violence has repercussions equally for children who witness it. Purpose: The study was set up to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence in Bungoma County, Kenya, and the influence on classroom behaviour of students in secondary schools. Methodology: Descriptive survey design was used on a target population of 576 students, 36 principles, and 36 guiding and counseling teachers, including 18 parents. The instruments used for data collection were open and closed-ended structured questionnaires for the students, an interview schedule for the principals and guiding and counseling teachers, and a focus group discussion guide for the parents. Results: The study established that domestic violence prevailed in society, and some students were victims while others were witnesses. Secondly, domestic violence manifested in the students’ classroom behaviours. Recommendations: The study recommended more sensitization of the public, creation of a workable hotline number to enable easier reporting and schools’ personnel to try and identify symptoms in the students who are victims for early rehabilitation.

The flipped classroom has been gaining increasing popularity over the last decade, especially in the university context. This pedagogical approach not only contributes to students’ engagement and motivation, but also enables a more flexible management of instructional time in class, which makes it a promising option for emergency situations. In October 2020, a ‘Women’s Strike’ took place in Poland, influencing the teaching schedule in numerous higher education institutions. Since these circumstances caused a problem with managing the course and making it possible for the students to catch up with the new material, an action research investigation was undertaken to explore the applicability of the flipped classroom in an emergency situation. Hence, this article describes the evaluation of a flipped classroom emergency intervention with one group of first-year students of Dutch Studies at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.

The increased ambulatory training time in an "X + Y" (inpatient + ambulatory) residency schedule affords more opportunities to teach geriatrics principles of care. We describe our internal medicine (IM) residency program's experience in teaching the IM-family medicine (FM) minimum geriatrics competencies (MGC) during a longitudinal geriatrics rotation embedded within interns' yearlong "4 + 2" schedule. Interns spend 1 day of the ambulatory block in a geriatrics outpatient setting (Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly, house calls, nursing home), during which geriatrics division faculty members give core didactic seminars. We revamped core seminars to address MGC related to medication management, cognitive health, complex chronic illnesses, end of life care, and ambulatory care. Three consecutive intern cohorts completed anonymous surveys pre- and postrotation, rating their confidence level in MGC addressed by the curriculum on a 5-point Likert scale. On postrotation surveys, they also rated the curriculum's contribution to geriatrics skills enhancement. Interns who completed both surveys (N = 22, 92%) reported statistically significant improved confidence ratings on all items, with the greatest point gains seen in performance of functional assessment (1.56), practice of optimal geriatric pharmacotherapy (1.78), and identification of older patients eligible for skilled (1.71) and unskilled home-based services (1.65). They rated geriatrics curricular components as being more helpful than other rotations and conferences in enhancing their geriatric skills. In conclusion, we developed a longitudinal geriatrics curriculum within the context of our "4 + 2" immersion schedule which other programs can easily adapt. Aligning curricular content with the MGC has resulted in interns' improved confidence in several important geriatrics skills.

PurposeAn important concern of economic policy analysis is how income taxes affect labor supply since this is crucial in assessing the efficiency costs of taxation and designing labor income taxation. The focus in the literature has been mostly to study the responses of high earners and women. The authors contribute to this literature by focusing more on how middle earners respond to financial incentives and whether the responses are different between men and women.Design/methodology/approachThe authors exploit substantial expansions in the level of individual income exempt from taxation and taxed at a lower marginal tax rate while the schedule of marginal tax rates remained the same. The authors adopt an empirical framework that is similar to Bosch and van der Klaauw (2012) and condition on the effects of other factors, such as inflows of foreign workers that may have affected the wages, participation and working hours of native males and females. The authors also conduct various sensitivity analyses to examine the robustness of the estimates.FindingsThe authors find robust evidence that the tax reforms increased the wages of medium and high educated married males and females significantly. They also had a positive impact on work participation that was more substantial for married women, especially the medium educated. The authors estimate significant positive own wage labor supply elasticities that are small and about the same for men and women when the authors condition on the labor outcome effects of inflows of EU and non-EU foreign workers, which changed the skill distribution of the economy and had a more significant impact on female labor outcomes. Smaller wage labor supply elasticities indicate lower disincentive effects and deadweight losses from the imposition of taxes and have implications on the design of optimal taxation of men and women.Originality/valuePrevious investigations of the labor supply responses of both men and women to a given policy change have been identified mostly by exploiting changes in joint income taxation and marginal tax rates. The authors exploit substantial expansions in the level of individual income exempt from taxation and taxed at a lower marginal tax rate while the schedule of marginal tax rates remained the same. The income effects of these reforms could be limited since the reduced marginal tax rates apply to only part of the income.

Background At the onset of social distancing, our general surgery residency transitioned its educational curriculum to an entirely virtual format with no gaps in conference offerings. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of our evolution to a virtual format and report program attitudes toward the changes. Methods On March 15, 2020, due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) our institution restricted mass gatherings. We immediately transitioned all lectures to a virtual platform. The cancellation of elective surgeries in April 2020 then created the need for augmented resident education opportunities. We responded by creating additional lectures and implementing a daily conference itinerary. To evaluate the success of the changes and inform the development of future curriculum, we surveyed residents and faculty regarding the changes. Classes and faculty answers were compared for perception of value of the online format. Results Pre-COVID-19, residency-wide educational offerings were concentrated to one half-day per week. Once restrictions were in place, our educational opportunities were expanded to a daily schedule and averaged 16.5 hours/week during April. Overall, 41/63 residents and 25/94 faculty completed the survey. The majority of residents reported an increased ability (56%) or similar ability (34.1%) to attend virtual conferences while 9.9% indicated a decrease. Faculty responses indicated similar effects (64% increased, 32% similar, 4% decreased). PGY-1 residents rated the changes negatively compared to other trainees and faculty. PGY-2 residents reported neutral views and all other trainees and faculty believed the changes positively affected educational value. Comments from PGY1 and 2 residents revealed they could not focus on virtual conferences as it was not “protected time” in a classroom and that they felt responsible for patient care during virtual lectures. A majority of both residents (61%) and faculty (84%) reported they would prefer to continue virtual conferences in the future. Conclusions The necessity for adapting our academic offerings during the COVID-19 era has afforded our program the opportunity to recognize the feasibility of virtual platforms and expand our educational offerings. The majority of participants report stable to improved attendance and educational value. Virtual lectures should still be considered protected time in order to maximize the experience for junior residents.

Background Translational research is an ideology focussed on streamlining the transition of novel research into clinical practice to ultimately benefit populations. Central to this approach is overcoming barriers to research involvement and interdisciplinary collaboration. Identifying barriers has been the subject of several studies focused on communities with large academic hospitals. The Windsor-Essex region is currently built around community hospitals which have less of an emphasis on research, employ fewer physicians holding academic appointments and generally do not provide incentivised time for research and training. In this study, we surveyed clinicians and researchers working in Windsor-Essex to gain insight into barriers to translational research important to those working in smaller sized, community-based research networks. Methods Using an anonymous close-ended Qualtrics survey distributed via email, we surveyed faculty members from The University of Windsor and clinical care providers from Windsor-Essex (n = 68). This included 24 physicians, 14 allied health professionals, and 30 non-clinician researchers. Results Managing competing interests, lack of time, funding, infrastructure, and networks were identified by greater than 75% of participants as barriers to research involvement. 62% of physicians identified the lack of permanent post-graduate medical trainees as a barrier. Clinicians were consistently less experienced in research skills compared to others; particularly in publishing results and applying for funding (p Conclusions This study identifies several important barriers to translational research in Windsor-Essex and suggests that many motivated researchers are unhappy with their current involvement. These results will inform decision making in the research community of Windsor-Essex and provides insight for communities of similar size and research capacity. Ultimately, enabling the translation of clinical research in all communities is required to ensure equitable access to cutting edge care.

Objectives Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main global problems faced by healthcare institutions. Healthcare professionals as service providers must have a basic understanding of this emerging threat; additionally, considering the evolving role of pharmacists in both the community and hospital setting, it is crucial that pharmacists are part of the fight against this threat. Therefore, this study aimed to assess infectious disease subjects covered in the pharmacy curriculum in Saudi Arabia, to evaluate teaching and knowledge assessment strategies concerning infectious diseases, and to explore challenges faced by faculty members in teaching infectious disease courses. Methods We constructed a questionnaire with 26 items and sent it to infectious disease faculty members at 26 Saudi Arabian pharmacy colleges. It included questions regarding the faculty and institution, infectious disease topics, hours dedicated to each topic, and tools and strategies used in the courses for better understanding and assessment of students. In addition, we enquired about the faculty members’ current satisfaction of, and future plans for, the curriculum. Results The questionnaire was completed by infectious disease faculty members, department chairs, or college deans. Among the respondent schools, 85.5% were governmental and 14.5% were private institutions. The majority of colleges (98.2%) followed a semester format schedule, with 67.3% offering solely the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program. More than 78% of respondents covered all tier 1 infectious disease topics from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Didactic Curriculum Toolkit. The main tool used for teaching was lectures (94.5%), while patient case application was the main teaching strategy (54.5%). Approximately 63% of respondents thought that the curricula were adequate when they were asked about their opinion of the curricula coverage, and 63.64% thought that the curriculum provided adequate baseline knowledge on infectious diseases for the following 5 years. Conclusions The study revealed variations in infectious disease topics covered and the time dedicated to them among pharmacy colleges in Saudi Arabia. The faculty members who responded to our questionnaire were generally satisfied with their infectious disease curriculum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess infectious disease curricula among Saudi pharmacy colleges. Thus, the findings of this study may encourage faculty members to advocate for the standardization of infectious disease courses offered at Saudi Arabian pharmacy colleges.

Hedge funds go beyond their statements on the transaction purpose in Schedule 13D by stating their activism objectives in a letter to the corporate management. Anyhow, prior work does not examine the impact of the communication channel systematically. The content of the letters aims at enabling corporate management to understand the activism goals better. Therefore, the communication channel might reduce the perceived uncertainty regarding the expected activism value. Hence, we presume higher abnormal returns compared to events with no letter. Our results reveal that activism is related to positive reactions, but intensified communication per se is not the reason.

Background Despite recent incentives through Medicare (Australia’s universal health insurance scheme) to increase retinal screening rates in primary care, comprehensive diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening has not been reached in Australia. The current study aimed to identify key factors affecting the delivery of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in Australian general practices. Methods A descriptive qualitative study involving in-depth interviews was carried out from November 2019 to March 2020. Using purposive snowballing sampling, 15 general practitioners (GPs) were recruited from urban and rural general practices in New South Wales and Western Australia. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from participants. All interviews were conducted over the phone by one facilitator, and each interview lasted up to 45 min. The Socio-Ecological Model was used to inform the content of the interview topic guides and subsequent data analysis. Recorded data were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify and classify recurrent themes. Results Of 15 GPs interviewed, 13 were male doctors, and the mean age was 54.7 ± 15.5 years. Seven participants were practising in urban areas, while eight were practising in regional or remote areas. All participants had access to a direct ophthalmoscope, but none owned retinal cameras. None of the participants reported performing DR screening. Only three participants were aware of the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) items 12,325 and 12,326 that allow GPs to bill for retinal screening. Seven themes, a combination of facilitators and barriers, emerged from interviews with the GPs. Despite the strong belief in their role in managing chronic diseases, barriers such as costs of retinal cameras, time constraints, lack of skills to make DR diagnosis, and unawareness of Medicare incentives for non-mydriatic retinal photography made it difficult to conduct DR screening in general practice. However, several enabling strategies to deliver DR screening within primary care include increasing GPs’ access to continuing professional development, subsidising the cost of retinal cameras, and the need for a champion ace to take the responsibility of retinal photography. Conclusion This study identified essential areas at the system level that require addressing to promote the broader implementation of DR screening, in particular, a nationwide awareness campaign to maximise the use of MBS items, improve GPs’ competency, and subsidise costs of the retinal cameras for small and rural general practices.

The present investigation was conducted in chaka, jasra, and kaundhiara blocks of Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh. One hundred twenty respondents were selected randomly from 10 villages which were selected from the data given by KVK staff of naini, prayagraj. Respondents were taken as trainees and non-trainees to compare the economic condition between them. Where non trainees were selected from 5 of the 10 villages for appropriate results. The primary data were gathered by the researcher itself through pre-structured interview schedule. Appropriate statistical tools were used to interpret the collected data to draw logical conclusion. The finding inferred that majority of trainees have shown medium and high level of economical status, whereas non trainees have shown low level of economical status when annual income, physical assets, land holding were taken as a parameters to compare. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.009

Cucumber is one of the oldest vegetable crop grown widely throughout India as well as tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Nagaland, one of the eight states of the north east region is blessed with suitable agro climatic conditions and its soil is suitable for agriculture, where cucumber is grown in all the districts. Cucumber farmers in Nagaland have a lot of potential to venture out economically and establish successful adoption practices. The study was conducted with the objectives to study the characteristics of cucumber growers, the extent of knowledge and determine the level of adoption by off season cucumber growers and to delineate the constraints faced by the respondents and to obtain their suggestions. An interview schedule based on the study was prepared and data were collected with the help of interview schedule and processed through primary and secondary tables and statistical analysis. The present study was conducted in Baghty block of Wokha district of Nagaland. A total number of 120 respondents from 4 villages were selected using proportionate random sampling procedure. The respondents were contacted personally and interviewed. The study revealed that majority of the cucumber belonged to middle aged group, educated between primary and high school level, had medium level of annual income with medium size of land holding. Majority of them had medium year of farming experience, use of sources of information and medium level of extension contact. It was observed that the majority of the respondents had medium level of adoption of recommended off season cucumber cultivation practices. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.010

Health is the primary concern of senior citizens because they might experience many changes and uncertainties that might affect their lives. Further, ageing people tend to forget things, including taking medicine. Failing to follow medication instruction may lead to serious side effects and can worsen their health. The advancement of technologies, especially in mobile applications, could assist senior citizens in managing their health. Therefore, this project proposes a mobile app for senior citizen health monitoring, developed to provide a health monitoring facility for senior citizens by exploiting advanced information and communication technologies. It aims to provide healthcare support for senior citizens to have greater control over monitoring their health. This application assists them daily in their life, such as organizing their medication and taking medicine on schedule with the correct doses. Other than that, the information about their health condition such as allergies, medicine intake, and doctor's information can be accessed quickly from their mobile device in case of emergency. This project was developed using the agile methodology.

PO Puspa Jaya is a company that is growing rapidly and is a company that is taken into account in land transportation services in Lampung. but in its service puspa jaya still perform manually, such as ticket booking, departure schedule information, and payment transactions carried out at pull puspa jaya. For that, there is a need for supporting facilities to book tickets at pull puspa jaya. From this problem came the idea to create an android-based application, which can make bus ticket reservations in po puspa jaya. The method used in the creation of applications is the Waterfall method. Programming language used by Android studio. With a MySQL support database. The testing method used is ISO 9126 (Usability, Fungtionality, Portability, Efficiency). Supported by the internet connection in the agency. This application will later be used as a medium of ticket booking and passenger data control. This application is for several features, namely determining the time and destination of departure, choosing the desired seat, tray information, contact information and information about. The ticket booking application in po puspa jaya has been tested using ISO 9126 which consists of four aspects of testing namely Usability, Fungtionality, Portability, Efficiency. The Usability aspect obtained an 80.50% result with a decent record. Fungtionality gets 100% results

The effectiveness of implementing Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan, a new program of introduction to teaching internship, for PE students, is still questionable, starting from its impact on teaching skills, learning effectiveness, and students' teaching load. Meanwhile, this point is significant in Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM). For this reason, this analytic study will criticize MBKM by providing evidence of the effectiveness of existing internships in the form of teaching skills, learning effectiveness, and students' teaching load. A total of 32 students were selected using consecutive sampling. Teaching skills were measured by observing 12 indicators and learning effectiveness was measured using Formative Class Evaluation (FCE) instrument. Anova Repeated Measure was used to analyse the data. The results show that the new program of introduction to teaching internship is not practical, proved by the progressive improvement of teaching skills followed by the ineffectiveness of the learning process. Students feel they have an overload teaching schedule, so that self-development activities are minimal, even though the tutor teachers have guided optimally. It can be concluded that the new program of introduction to teaching internship is less effective because of the overload teaching schedule in such limited time. It is then expected that the longer internship duration would enrich students' experiences under supervision and more comprehensive teaching load regulation.

The American Chemical Society (ACS) Project SEED (Summer Experiences for the Economically Disadvantaged) program has been exposing students to chemistry-related research for over half a century. The program was created and designed to recruit and prepare high school students from economically challenged households to explore and build their confidence in chemistry and STEM, enter college, and hopefully pursue a STEM career. Historically, the students engaged in a summer research experience on college campuses, industrial laboratories, or government facilities, working alongside a scientist mentor. However, the 2020 summer on-campus experiences were not possible due to COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Thus, even after the program planning and recruitment for the experience was well underway, the program pivoted to a virtual camp. The camp's format was substantially different from the on-campus experiences, with 291 students nationwide participating in webinars, small group discussions, and completing assignments based on a schedule with due-dates. Gathering a combination of quantitative and qualitative data before and after the camp revealed increases in the students' professional skills, STEM identity, and college preparation. We failed to find a change in their professional identity. We determined that students participating in future Project SEED programming could benefit from engaging in a combination of on-campus and online events to experience authentic laboratory research and gain a more global perspective of chemistry careers and the potential for extended networking with other Project SEED participants and alumni. © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.

XYZ is a palm oil mill . Produce crude palm oil (CPO) PT. XYZ have not implemented the system machine maintenance effectively, maintenance system that has been implemented is corrective maintenance that is make improvements when there is a break down. Besides that it is also assisted with planned maintenance scheduled every week for cleaning production machines. The refore it is necessary to identify the engine components who are prone to breakage (critical component) and necessary to do action maintenance specifically against critical components engine by applying maintenance schedule prediktif ( prevention) simulation technique, often know as estimate reliability using a random sampling scenario failure mode and effects (FMEA) defined as a process used to deter mine action to be done to guarantee each item physical or system can go well according to the function performed by its usersthen basedon data processing, replacement, inspection of turn filter componentsone time per year with atime sixty minutes, thegear box is worn outonetime per year with a time of one hundred andtwenty minutes, leaking in the engine body as much asone a year during eighty minutes, thewire caught fire one time per year with time fifty minutes, cable having problems as much one time per year with time one hundred eighty minutes.

Public health inspectors may schedule the frequency of their inspections by using a criterion that reflects the level of risk in a food facility’s food handling practices. Previous research has shown that higher risk facilities have more difficulty adhering to food safety practices, and thus are linked with more restaurant associated foodborne illness outbreaks. Given limits on state spending for public health, this methodology of spending more resources on perceived higher risk establishments makes fiscal sense. Foodservice establishments with a greater potential risk for harm are inspected more often. The next logical point would be to record whether the high-risk foodservice establishment had more opportunities for food safety infractions simply because of a greater total observed and applicable food safety practices. For example, there are significant differences in the number of potential food safety violations for a facility that only serves pre-packaged foods compared to a facility that prepares raw ingredients and cooks meals on site. The objective of the present study was to address gaps in the literature by accounting for variations in health inspections in Arkansas validating whether foodservice establishments labeled as higher risk are more likely to incur food safety violations. Our analysis of Arkansas food service inspection reports showed that high priority facilities had the highest critical and non-critical violation rates, followed by medium and low priority facilities. Average critical violations per inspection were 0.65, 1.01, and 2.07 for low, medium, high priority establishments, respectively. The results in this study show the risk classification scheme used by the Arkansas state health department coincides with health inspection violation rates and total applicable and observed food safety items.

Over the last several years, there has been a surge of readily available curricular resources for global health (GH) educators that theoretically has enabled them to overcome the barrier of needing to create new content for their programs. Despite this increase in available resources, integrating GH education into the already busy schedule of residency is a common challenge to the growing number of GH track directors. In this perspectives piece, GH educators from multiple institutions will share a novel model for packaging, administering, and monitoring GH educational curricula. This model transposes traditional GH learning objectives into self-paced, longitudinal maps of opportunities suitable for the time-intensive demands of residency, with flexibility for individual learning preferences and built-in tracking mechanisms.

Pandemi dunia yang telah ditetapkan pada tahun 2019 lalu yang ditemukan di Wuhan, China dan menyebar keseluruh dunia yaitu penyakit Virus Corona atau Covid-19. Indonesia kasus covid-19 setiap harinya meningkat drastis, hingga diberlakukan lockdown, PSBB dan PPKM. Hal tersebut adalah upaya indonesia dalam mengurangi peningkatan covid-19. Setelah adanya pengembangan vaksin di indonesia dan sudah di distribusikan keseluruh wilayah indonesia, pemerintah mewajibkan masyarakat untuk vaksin. Begitu pula di wilayah Kab. Ngawi. masyarakat dapat mendaftarkan diri ke Dinas Kesehatan untuk mendapatkan jadwal vaksin dan penempatan lokasinya. Dengan menggunakan metode algoritma k-means dalam penempatan vaksin Dinas Kesehatan dapat membantu pengelompokan lokasi vaksin bagi masyarakat berdasarkan data-data yang ada. Dalam membangun sistem website pengelompokan dengan menerapkan algoritma k-means digunakan metode pengembangan sistem model Waterfall. Website yang akan dibangun akan menampilkan hasil perhitungan algoritma k-means dengan cluster yang telah ditentukan dan menampilkan jarak terdekat. Dari perhitungan tersebut website juga dapat menampilkan pengelompokan penempatan lokasi vaksin yang terbagi menjadi 3 cluster yaitu puskesmas ngawi, puskesmas ngawi purba dan puskesmas padas. Penerapan metode algoritma k-means pada website tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu kinerja Dinas Kesehatan dalam menentukan penempatan lokasi vaksin bagi calon pasien vaksin yang sudah mendaftar.

The evaluation of dizziness as a chief complaint can be exceptionally challenging to otolaryngologists. The critical piece in evaluating dizzy patients is to have a plan for how to screen and schedule, how to gather data, and to develop a workflow for testing that allows clinical efficiency. This article provides an overview of evidence-based practices on how to screen dizzy patients before being scheduled, how to efficiently move patients through the otolaryngologist's clinic, and strategies for managing a dizzy practice.

Objective To evaluate the urology providers’ (through a range of training levels) experience utilizing telemedicine given the rapid nationwide implementation of telemedicine in urology practices due to COVID-19. Several studies focusing on the patient's perspective have illustrated that telemedicine is comparable to traditional office visits in terms of cost, communication, and overall satisfaction. However, there is sparse data on the provider's experience. Methods With IRB approval, we assessed provider satisfaction with telemedicine at Urology programs in the U.S. through an electronic survey. The 25-question survey was based on the Patient Assessment of Communication of Telehealth which is a validated 33 question instrument that has been utilized to assess the quality of patient-provider communication in telemedicine. Experience with telemedicine was assessed in 2 categories: technical aspects and communication with patients. Variables were rated using a 5-point Likert Scale. Results There were 144 responses to the survey. 50% of providers reported not receiving any formal training in using telemedicine. This differed significantly by training level with 55% of attendings having had received training vs 20% of residents. Providers felt they would most benefit from training in billing (52%) rather than equipment use (33%) or communication (28%). 87% of providers felt comfortable discussing sensitive topics while only 55% felt comfortable using telehealth to schedule surgery (P Conclusion Urology providers are generally satisfied with their experience communicating with patients via telemedicine and the majority would opt to continue utilizing telemedicine. Nevertheless, many providers are hesitant to schedule surgery via telemedicine. Providers would benefit from formal training in telemedicine.

Microfinance is a widely accepted tool for poverty alleviation and socio-economic development of its beneficiaries and currently promoted as a key strategy for women empowerment and for reaching the unreached poor. There was lack of knowledge on the impact of microfinance on women empowerment; hence there arises the need for the study. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study in Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. Six villages in Holagarh block of Prayagaraj district is selected for the study. From each village, 20 respondents were selected constitutes 120 respondents. The primary data were collected with the help of interview schedule and with appropriate statistical tools the data is processed. The findings of the study are majority of the respondents were middle aged, literate, earns medium level of annual income, low level of mass media exposure, had above 3 acres of land holding, medium level of leadership capacity and medium level of social participation. Further, nearly half of the respondents had medium level of impact on operational aspects and individual aspects of micro-finance on women empowerment and more than two-third of the respondents had medium level of impact of micro-finance on family aspects. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.001

The study was conducted, in Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. Random sampling technique was used for the selection of blocks, villages and proportionate random sampling for selection of growers. From the list, 200 growers were selected, using proportionate sampling method i.e. 90 small, 70 medium and 40 large farmers respectively. The primary data were collected from the respondents by using interview schedule, while secondary data were collected from the official records, published data, magazines etc. The marketable surplus for Aonla in the area was found to be 140, 160 and 180 quintals per farm which constituting (99.10%), (99.48%) and (99.48%) to their total Aonla production. Channel-I, Marketing cost when producers sold their produce to consumer in the market was Rs.90/quintal. Net price received by the producer is 410/quintal. Producer share in consumer price was 82 per cent. Price spread is Rs 90. Marketing efficiency was 5.55 per cent. Channel-II, Marketing cost when producers sold their produce to retailers was Rs.105/quintal. Among these cost transportation charges was most important which accounted for Rs.15/quintal, followed by loading and unloading cost Rs.10/quintal, market cost Rs.10/quintal, labour cost was Rs.10/quintal and miscellaneous cost Rs.50/quintal respectively. Sale price of the producer to retailer was Rs.500/quintals inn different farms size group. Channel-III, this is identified as the longest channel. The producer sells his produce to the commission agents, who in turn sell it to retailer in the market. Finally, the produce reaches to the consumer after collecting margin. Average marketing cost when producer sold their produce to commission agents, in the market was Rs.165. Among these grading, cleaning etc. was Rs. 10 and 10 per Qts. loading and unloading cost Rs. 10 per Qtl. Transportation cost Rs. 20per Qts, Miscellaneous charges Rs. 25/qts, respectively. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.016

The present study was undertaken with the main objective of assessing the effectiveness of agricultural programmes of different channels as perceived by the televiewing farmers. Before and After research design was followed in the present investigation. The study was conducted in Tirupathi mandal, Chittoor district which were selected purposively. The data were collected randomly by talking personally interview of 120 televiewers. The data was collected by personal interview method through structured interview schedule. Majority of the respondents were middle aged, had medium level of education, medium farming experience, medium land holding, medium level of extension contact, mass media exposure, economic orientation, achievement motivation and innovativeness. Majority of the respondents had perception of televiewing farmers of different channels with respect to components of effectiveness, namely understandability, usefulness, demonstration mode of presentation, entertainment and relevancy of pictures. “Time duration is not sufficient”, “Telecast time is not convenient”, “Telecast programmes are useful to the farming community” and “Telecast programme are drawing attention of the farmers to bring awareness on new technology” were the major reactions of the respondents. Telecast time need to be changed from 6:00am-7.00am and 7.00pm-9.00pm, all programmes should be telecasted should be telecasted daily, information on the schedule of the topics to be telecasted in the telecasted in the consecutive week should be advertised at the starting of the week, separate television channel is required to telecast agriculture related activities. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.013

The article investigates the risks involved in retail apparel product development. Due to the complexity of the fashion business due to short production cycles, the subjective variables involved in consumer decision making, and the difficulty in balancing collection attributes, the risks of apparel products not having a satisfactory commercial performance is significant. Thus, the objective of the research was to propose recommendations associated with retail apparel product development to reduce the risks of poor collection performance from the perspective of experts. To this end, an applied research was carried out combining the quantitative and qualitative methods in a single data collection instrument. Theory addressed the main risks of fashion according to Cietta (2017), Kotler, Armstrong and Opresnik (2018), Shaw and Koumbis (2014), among others. The resulting set of recommendations addresses aspects related to the company's target audience, performance indicators, planning, schedule, and agility, among others. As a product of the research, a visual matrix was presented with the recommendations related to the main risks identified.

The agricultural growth considerably depends on the communication of information and knowledge which is transferred among farmers the mass media plays an important role in dissemination of agricultural information, the mass media contributes in spreading of information and enables remote areas farmers to make decision about farming activities (Chhachhar, 2012). Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state was selected purposively based on the maximum farmers’ availability. Descriptive research design was used for the present study. A total of 120 respondents were selected purposively as a sample for the present investigation. The data was collected by using pre-tested schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools chi-square test was applied to find out the relationship between the utilization of mass media by farmers with independent variables. It was concluded that the socio-economic status of the respondents constitute medium level. It was observed that majority of the respondents belonged to the high level of Utilization of mass media. There was a positive relationship between utilization of mass media with independent variables like Age, family size, annual income, education, land holding, mass media exposure and extension contacts. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.014

India is an agrarian based country with two third of population as farming community. Wheat, ‘King of cereals’ also the second most cultivated food crop has technological gap in adoption of improved variety, hence the present study aims to understand the socio-economic profile, knowledge, attitude and adoption level of respondents to identify the technological gap and increase the adoption rate. The present study is carried out with 120 respondents from ten villages of Holgarh block of Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. Primary data collected with the help of semi-structured interview schedule and subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that majority of the wheat growers had medium level of knowledge, attitude and adoption towards SHUATS W-6 variety. Further, it was recommended for timely availability of seeds, fertilizer, proper marketing facility and reducing the cost of critical inputs. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.008

The present study was conducted in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh to find out the socio-economic condition of women tea growers, to find out the constraints faced by them and seek suggestions to improve better working conditions. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data was collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out meaningful result. The result showed that the women tea growers found that there was improper sanitation facility inside the tea garden. They suggested that improved sanitation facility and social mobility could help them to improve better working environment. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.002

Background of research on mother's knowledge of toddlers in providing feeding schedules, especially snacks. Giving snacks that are not right on schedule will have an influence on the growth and development of infants. Through the Emotional Demontration method, eating schedule for snacking can be controlled. Emotional Demonstration is the provision of education not only through lectures but also through games so that the key messages conveyed can be remembered by mothers of toddlers in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya. The Emo Demo method is one solution to reduce the stunting rate. In 2017 the stunting rate in Indonesia reached 22.2%. Based on the results of the survey conducted through interviews with nutritionists, it was explained that there were 16 stunting toddlers in Posyandu V Surabaya. Quantitative Research Methodology, a quasi-experimental research design method with one group pretest posttest approach. The population in this study were all mothers of children under five in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya as many as 36 people, samples as many as 36 mothers of toddlers. With a total sampling technique. Analyze data with Paired T-test. The results showed the mean value of the pre test was 6.06, the mean value after the post test reached 8.16. While the significance value of p value = 0,000 with α = 0.05 through the Paired T-test. The conclusion is that there are differences in the knowledge of pre and post test among mothers of children under five in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya, p value = 0,000 with α = 0.05. Suggestions for health workers to continue to make improvements in practicing emotional demonstration to participants because it is very useful in increasing knowledge to prevent increased stunting rates.

A business of Anyaman Mansiang in Taratak, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province has existed for a long time and is a hereditary business. One of the groups of craftsmen of this Mansiang leaf is the Sejahtera Group. The problems faced by partners are product development and lack of marketing performance. The purpose of this activity was to increase business growth, develop product competitiveness, accelerate technology and management diffusion from university to partners. In particular, the activity's objective was to develop mansiang leaf handicraft products in the Taratak Sejahtera woven mansiang group. The activity was carried out in 3 stages, namely the preparation stage, starting with socialization and obtaining permits with related institutions, contacting craftsmen to decide on the activity schedule and preparing activity modules, and preparing for the implementation of activities. The production aspect implementation stage used quality control methods, training methods on product variations, practical methods for tidying up products, training methods for product creation, and business consulting. At the monitoring and evaluation stage, activities were carried out to evaluate the implementation of activities and monitor the performance of activities. The activity results were related to quality control, increased product variety, increased product neatness and yarn that matches the color of the webbing, development of design innovation, and quality improvement to target the middle and upper segments. Mentoring activities need to be continued to help the business of the Taratak Sejahtera woven mansiang group continue to perform well.

Problem setting. On-call work is today a poorly-investigated by science of labor law form of non-standard employment. Since 2019, there are several draft laws developed in Ukraine that deal with on-call work. These drafts describe it such as employment contract with non-fixing working hour. The latest draft No. 5161 of 25.02.2021 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the regulation of some non-standard forms of employment" has been submitted to Parliament. This bill was developed according to the Directive (EU) 2019/1152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on transparent and predictable working conditions in the European Union. However, we believe some provisions of this bill on the establishment of working time need further adaptation. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The issue of legal regulation of non-standard employment has been analysed by V.Venedidikov, N. Vyshnevska, I. Gorgoriev, I. Kiselev, A. Lushnikov, D. Morozov, O. Mozna, N. Nikitina, O. Process, O. Rimkevich, V. Soyfer, M. Sorokishin, O. Yaroshenko. On-call work was the subject of doctor’s and candidate’s thesis of V. Gnidenko, O. Korkin, O.Pilipko, M. Shabanova. At the same time a number of legal problems were arised after the project No. 5161 had been adopted. For instance, peculiarities of the establishment of working time, the legal regulation of new legal categories in an employment contract with non-fixed working time need further adaptation. Аrticle’s main body. In the employment contract with non-fixing working hour the maximum working hours of the employee is determined, fixed in the contract, however the minimum working time is not defined due to the fact that the employer does not have a duty to provide employee work. The minimum duration of working time defined in the draft law depends only on the amount of the wage or compensation for staying in a state of waiting. In order to strengthen the coherence of terminology and better reconcile the typology and character of this non-standard employment form with the provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/1152, the draft law should enter and (or) determine the terms, such as a schedule of work, basic hours and days, mode of operation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In the contract with non-fixed working hours, the installation and distribution of working time has specific features: maximum duration of the employee's working time is determined, fixed in the contract, and the minimum working time is not determined at all, since the employer does not have a duty in the employer to provide employee work. The minimum duration of working time defined in the draft law depends only on the amount of the wage or compensation for staying in a state of waiting. In such an employment contract basic days and hours should be establishes, that is, a time interval when an employee must perform its labor duties in case of a demand. The employee's calling on work, in turn, must be carried out by the employer in compliance with the conditions established in the contract itself (for example, the method and minimum term of the employee's notice of the start of work). The mode of operation is predictive to the employee, the one can predict "theoretically" that he can be called on in certain days and hours. The schedule of work with each call on work is really unpredictable. This schedule should be agreed between the employee and the employer before the work is started, although we believe such agree does not matter because the schedule is made within the basic days and hours that are already known to the employee.

Research institutions in Indonesia have an important role in improving knowledge, skills, and the economy of the community through the use of research results. However, until now, the results of domestic research have not been well disseminated. One of the factors that influence it is the not yet optimal collaboration between researchers and public relations as science communicators in communicating research results to the public. This study uses qualitative method with case study approach of dissemination of Beyonic Startmik-LIPI Biological Organic Fertilizer in 2021. The study used the primary data source of conversations between researchers and publicists through whatsapp media. Interview techniques are conducted online through zoom meetings. In analyzing conversations between researchers and public relations, this study uses Coordinated Meaning Management Theory. Secondary data sources are obtained through dissemination activity report documents as well as POH Beyonic Startmik-LIPI news on the website. The results showed the communication strategy of public relations and researchers in the dissemination activities of POH Beyonik Startmik through three stages, namely: (1) the preparation stage includes coordinating schedule information and confirmation of resource persons, (2) the implementation stage shall include coordinating the preparation of the trip and the presentation method, (3) the evaluation stage shall include coordinating the preparation of news content.