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Bedelsiz çek kavramı ya da çekte bedelsizlik kavramı,kanunî bir kavram olmayıp, uygulamada ve özellikle Yargıtay kararlarıylaoluşmuş bir kavramdır. Bu kavram ile temel borç ilişkisindeki karşı ediminyerine getirilmediği ifade edilmektedir. Karşı edimin yerine getirilmemesinedeniyle çek de bedelsiz hale gelmektedir. Bu durumda borçlu menfi tespitdavası açmak suretiyle borçlu olmadığını tespit ettirebilir. Yalnızca temelborç ilişkisinin tarafı olarak senet lehtarı olmuş kişiye karşı açılabilecek budavanın temelinde ise, sebepsiz zenginleşme iddiası yer alır., Ungedeckter Scheck ist kein gesetzlicher Begriff,vielmehr ein Begriff, der aus der Praxis und insbesondere durch Beschlüsse desObersten Gerichtshofs entstanden ist. Mit diesem Begriff wird die Verletzungeiner Pflicht, die aus dem dem Scheck zugrunde liegenden Schuldverhältnisentsteht, zum Ausdruck gebracht. Wird diese Pflicht nicht erfüllt, so ist derScheck ungedeckt. In diesem Fall kann der Schuldner mit einer negativenFeststellungsklage geltend machen, dass der geforderte Anspruch nicht mehrbesteht. Hinter dieser Klage, die lediglich gegen den aufgrund des dem Scheckzugrunde liegenden Schuldverhältnisses Gläubiger gewordenen erhoben werdenkann, steckt die Behauptung zur ungerechten Bereicherung.

Gelişmiş ülkelerdeki yeni finansman tekniklerini benimseyen ve bu teknikleri gecikmeksizin uygulamaya koyan ülkemizde faktoring faaliyetleri ilk kez 1983 yılında başlamıştır. Alacakların takibi (istihbarat), tahsili, garanti edilmesi, finansman sağlanması, pazar araştırması, kredi istihbaratı yapılması, ticari risklerin üstlenilmesi ve muhasebe kayıtlarının tutulması gibi hizmetleri içeren faktoring, yeni bir finans tekniği olmasına rağmen ülkemizde özellikle küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerde çok hızlı bir gelişim göstermiş ve ortaya çıkan ihtiyaca paralel olarak 21.12.2012 tarihinde kabul edilen ve 12.12.2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren “6361 sayılı Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring ve Finansman Şirketleri Kanunu” ile kapsamlı bir şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Finansal kuruluş olarak faaliyet gösteren finansal kiralama, faktoring ve finansman şirketlerinin kuruluş ve çalışma esasları ile finansal kiralama, faktoring ve finansman sözleşmelerine ilişkin usul ve esasları düzenleme amacını taşıyan 6361 sayılı Kanun’da düzenlenen hükümlerden sadece bir kısmının emredici nitelik taşımaları sözleşmelerde esnek ve faktoring faaliyetine uygun hükümlere yer verilebilmesine imkân sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte; factor ile temellük edilen alacağın borçlusu arasında herhangi bir hukuki ilişki bulunmadığından, borçlunun müşterisine karşı sahip olduğu ve aralarındaki temel ilişkiden kaynaklanan def’ilerini factore karşı ileri sürüp süremeyeceği sorununu ortaya çıkarmaktadır In unserem Land, in welchem die neuesten Finanztechniken angenommen und ohne Verzögerung angewandt werden, beginnen die Factoingleistungen erstmals im Jahre 1983. Factoring, welches sich in jüngster Zeit zu einer gefragten Finanzierungsalternative entwickelt hat, die besonders für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen attraktiv ist, ermöglicht es einem Unternehmen die Betreibung und Garantierung von Forderungen, Liquiditätsgewinn, Kreditwürdigkeit Risikoabsicherung, Enstlastung der Buchandlung. Um den praktischen Bedarf zu decken, wurde am 21.12.2012 Leasing-, Factoring und Finanzunternehmensgesetz Nummer 6361 erlassen und am 12.12.2012 im Gezetsezblatt veröffentlicht. Das Gesetz Nummer 6361, welches die zum Teil obligatorische Vorschriften zur Gründung und Regelung von Leasing-, Factoring-, und Finanzunternehmen sowie zur Grundlagen von Factoringverträgen beinhaltet, ermöglicht die flexible Gestaltung von Factoringverträgen. Dabei, da es zwischem dem Factor und dem Zedenten kein rechtliches Verhältnis besteht, kommt die Frage auf, ob der Schuldner, die persönlichen Einreden, die aus dem Grundverhältnis entstammen und sich gegen den Gläubiger richten, gegen den Factor geltendmachen kann

Since the mid-1990s, the U.S. payment system has been undergoing a transformation featuring a significant decline in the use of paper checks that has been quite uneven across consumers and not well understood. This paper estimates econometric models of consumers' adoption (extensive margin) and use (intensive margin) of checks plus six other common U.S. payment instruments, using a comprehensive new data source on consumer payment choice. We find that payment characteristics are the most important determinants of payment instrument use. Plausible changes in the relative convenience and cost of checks can explain directly about 25 and 14 percent, respectively, of the 8.4 percentage point decline in check use from 2003 to 2006. Changes in the relative characteristics of substitute payment instruments contributed indirectly to the decline in check use. The largest part of the decline in check use (33 percent) occurred via an increase in the number of payment instruments per consumer, which likely was influenced by payment characteristics as well, but this indirect effect cannot be identified with available data.

Though checks' popularity is now waning in favor of electronic payments, checks were, for much of the twentieth century, the most widely used noncash payment method in the United States. How did such a relatively inefficient form of payment become so dominant? This article traces the historical evolution of the check, focusing on its relation to complementary and competing payment technologies. ; Originating in the eastern Mediterranean during the first millennium as a convenient form of payment between local merchants, checks became more versatile through the development of negotiability in sixteenth-century Europe. The suppression of banknotes in eighteenth-century England further promoted the use of checks. In the United States, nineteenth-century legislation discouraged other payment methods and eventually led to a nationwide check payment system. In the twentieth century, under the Federal Reserve's leadership, checks expanded rapidly and became the nation's default payment method. ; The authors discuss some persistent historical themes surrounding checks: checks' ease of use, which provides advantages over other payment methods but creates risk to businesses and banks; checks' sophistication, which evolved through centuries of legal precedent and operational experimentation; and checks' high costs relative to other forms of payment. ; Checks' traditional dominance of the U.S. payment system, the authors conclude, resulted from historical happenstances. These events gave the check relative advantages that are only now being overcome by electronic payment technologies.

The recent decline in the Federal Reserve's check volumes has received a lot of attention. Although switching to electronic payments methods and electronic checkprocessing has been credited for much of that decline, some of it could be caused by changes following bank mergers involving Federal Reserve customer banks. This paper evaluates the effect of bank mergers on Federal Reserve check-processing volumes. Using inflow-outflow and regression methods, we find that mergers between two or more Reserve Bank customers have resulted in volume losses, especially during the first quarter following the merger. On average, the estimated cumulative loss of volume during the first five post-merger quarters was 2.6 million checks. While the overall number of checks in the United States has declined during the past few years, the Federal Reserve has lost additional check-processing volume because of bank mergers.