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2. Estimating Risk and Prognosis

Author

Marion, S. A., Schechter, M. T., Troidl, H., editor, McKneally, M. F., editor, Mulder, D. S., editor, Wechsler, A. S., editor, McPeek, B., editor, and Spitzer, W. O., editor

Published
1998
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3. Appraising New Information

Author

Schechter, M. T., LeBlanc, F. E., Lawrence, V. A., Troidl, H., editor, McKneally, M. F., editor, Mulder, D. S., editor, Wechsler, A. S., editor, McPeek, B., editor, and Spitzer, W. O., editor

Published
1998
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4. Risk and Prognosis

Author

Marion, S. A., Schechter, M. T., Troidl, Hans, editor, Spitzer, Walter O., editor, McPeek, Bucknam, editor, Mulder, David S., editor, McKneally, Martin F., editor, Wechsler, Andrew S., editor, and Balch, Charles M., editor

Published
1991
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5. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Process

Author

Schechter, M. T., Troidl, Hans, editor, Spitzer, Walter O., editor, McPeek, Bucknam, editor, Mulder, David S., editor, McKneally, Martin F., editor, Wechsler, Andrew S., editor, and Balch, Charles M., editor

Published
1991
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6. Critical Appraisal of Published Research

Author

Schechter, M. T., LeBlanc, F. E., Lawrence, V. A., Troidl, Hans, editor, Spitzer, Walter O., editor, McPeek, Bucknam, editor, Mulder, David S., editor, McKneally, Martin F., editor, Wechsler, Andrew S., editor, and Balch, Charles M., editor

Published
1991
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21. Abstracts

Author

Nicholas, J. F., Fuller, J., Frewen, T. C., Lee, R., Broadman, L. M., Soliman, I. E., Hannallah, R. S., McGill, W. A., Tsuneto, S., Yamashita, M., Miyamoto, Y., Badgwell, J. M., McLeod, M. E., Lerman, J., Creighton, R. E., O’Toole, D., McCarroll, S. M., Peyton, M., Cunningham, AJ., Ramsay, J. G., Rajagopalan, B., Harmsen, E., Bore, P., Foëx, P., Radda, G., Blaise, G. A., Lenis, S. G., Sill, C., Vanhoutte, P., Irish, C. L., Murkin, J. M., Guiraudon, G. M, Martineau, R. J., Nadeau, S. G., Montgomery, C. J., Steward, D. J., Chung, D. C., Lam, A. M., Grace, D. M., Gordon, K., Thompson, T., Donati, F., Lahoud, J., Laycock, J. R. D., Bevan, D. R., O’Connor, J. P., Ralley, RE., Katz, J. M., Sami, M. H., Wynands, J. E., Smith, CE., Bevan, D. R., Baxter, M. K., Bevan, J. C., Sangwan, S., Tang, C., Gelb, A. W., Boisvert, D. P., Marchak, E., Lunt, A., Dowman, R., Cowie, N., Kozody, R., McKay, W. P. S., Noble, W. H., Taylor, W. J., Champion, M. C., Barry, A. W., Hurtig, IB., Beland, A., Hollmann, C., Meloche, R., Ringaert, K. R. A., Mutch, W. A. C., Vaghadia, H., Schechter, M. T., Sheps, S. B., Jenkins, L. C., Allen, G. C., Cattran, C. B., Peterson, R. G., Ali, M. J., Byrick, R. J., Salerno, T. A., Baker, C. B., Lichtenstein, S. V., Sharpe, M. J., Merchant, R., Alyafi, W., Penning, D. H., Jhamandas, K., Weingarten, M., Strum, D. P., Eger II, E. I., Gallagher, T. M., Volgyesi, G. A., Miyasaka, K., Burrows, F. A., Johnson, B. H., Murphy, M. R., Szlam, F., Hug, C. C., Martin, D. C., Johnston, J. F., Levin, K. R., Silverstein, P. I., Pruett, J., Bissonnette, B., Scott, A. A., Halpem, S., Rosag, O., Swartz, J., Meeke, R. I., Knill, R. L., Rose, E. A., Soderman, R. M., Milne, B., Cervenko, F., Loomis, C., Murphy, P., Sandler, A. N., Vosu, H., Lau, L. C., Branson, R., Kearney, R. A., Rosales, J. K., Howes, W. J., Wolf, A. R., Fear, D. W., Roy, W. L., Goresky, G. V., Sharpe, T. D. E., Sabourin, MA., Polomeno, R. C., Ryan, B., Evelyn, R., Higgins, T. T., Hannal, R. S., DeSoto, M. H., Nason, S. S., Penning, J. P., Loomis, C. W., Douglas, M. J., McMorland, G. H., Gowan, J. D., Hurtig, J. B., Fraser, R. A., Whalley, D. G., Labrecque, P., Quance, D., Moote, C. A., Lok, P Y. K., Skinner, M. I., Lok, P. Y. K., Scott, W. A. C., Sielecka, D., Slinger, P. D., Lavelle, P. A., Chung, F., McDonald, N. J., McDonald, S., Maltby, J. R., Hutchinson, A., Reid, C. R. G., Whitaker, P. R., Hcin, H. A. T., Arellano, R. J., Cruise, C. J., Lokoff, P., Code, WE., Strunin, L., Manninen, P. H., Macnab, M. S. P., Lam, A., Houston, P. L., tavelle, P., Burns, R., Hall, R. I., Angert, K. C., Reeder, D. A., Moldenhauer, C. C., Teasdale, S., Ralley, F. E., Moffitt, E. A., O’Brien, D. J., Imrie, D. D., Barker, R. A., Sullivan, J. A., Kinley, CE., Block, G., Butlin, G., Sibbald, W., Cunningham, D., Sidi, A., Rush, W. R., Davis, R. F., Bergstrom, R. G., Thomson, I. R., Rosenbloom, M., Meatherall, R. C., Mensink, F. J., Maclntyre, C., Wade, J. G., Ghignone, M., Flynn, N., Cunningham, A. J., Hamilton, R. C., Beauregard, L., Martin, R., Tetrault, J. P., Johnstone, G. K., Clark, A. J. M., Houlton, P. G., Purkis, I. E., Shukla, R. C., Carmichael, F. J., Saldivia, V., Orrego, H., Moote, CA., Smith, M., Drake, H. F., Treasure, T., Olson, J., Strauss, R., Zetterstrom, H., Jonsson, L. O., Forbes, R. B., Albanese, M. A., Murray, D. J., Barcellos, W. A., Slinger, P., Triolet, W., Wilson, J., Berger, J. J., Gravenstein, J. S., McLaughlin, G., Boysen, P. G., Wolf, G. L., Simpson, J. I., Humphrey, D., and Brock-Utne, J. G.

Published
1987
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22. The Cedar Project: exploring determinants of psychological distress among young Indigenous people who use drugs in three Canadian cities.

Author

Pearce, M. E., Jongbloed, K. A., Pooyak, S. D., Blair, A. H., Christian, W. M., Sharma, R., Mazzuca, A., Zamar, D. S., Schechter, M. T., and Spittal, P. M.

Subjects
DRUG utilization, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, INDIGENOUS peoples, PSYCHOLOGICAL child abuse, SUBSTANCE abuse, SYMPTOM Checklist-90-Revised
Abstract

Background. Mental health and wellbeing, including addressing impacts of historical trauma and substance use among young people, has been identified as a key priority by Indigenous communities and leaders across Canada and globally. Yet, research to understand mental health among young Indigenous people who have used drugs is limited. Aims. To examine longitudinal risk and strengths-based factors associated with psychological distress among young Indigenous people who use drugs. Method. The Cedar Project is an ongoing cohort study involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in Vancouver, Prince George, and Chase, British Columbia, Canada. This study included participants who completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, returned for follow-up between 2010 and 2012, and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Adjusted linear mixed-effects models estimated effects of study variables on changes in area T-scores of psychological distress. Results. Of 202 eligible participants, 53% were women and the mean age was 28 years. Among men, childhood mal- treatment (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect), any drug use, blackouts from drinking, and sex work were associated with increased distress. Among women, childhood maltreatment (emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect), blackouts from drinking, and sexual assault were associated with increased distress, while having attempted to quit using drugs was associated with reduced distress. Marginal associations were observed between speaking their traditional language and living by traditional culture with lower distress among men. Conclusion. Culturally safe mental wellness interventions are urgently needed to address childhood trauma and harmful coping strategies that exacerbate distress among young Indigenous people who use drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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24. HIV testing of patients: Let's waive the waiver

Author

Tyndall, M W and Schechter, M T

Subjects
Counseling, Occupational Diseases, Canada, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Informed Consent, Occupational Exposure, Commentary, Humans, HIV Infections, Societies, Medical
Published
2000

25. Krever 2008

Author

Schechter, M T and O'Shaughnessy, M V

Subjects
Commentary
Published
1999

26. The XI International Conference on AIDS: at the crossroads of hope and urgency

Author

Schechter, M T

Subjects
Research Article
Abstract

This month Canada will host the largest conference ever held on the worldwide epidemic of AIDS. More than 12,000 participants from over 130 countries are expected to convene in Vancouver from July 7 to 12 for the XI International Conference on AIDS. As at previous conferences, the program will be organized along four tracks: basic science, clinical science, epidemiology and public health, and social and behavioural science. The author notes that although in each of these areas there is reason to take heart, we must not become complacent in the fight against HIV infection and AIDS. The pandemic is still growing at an alarming rate, and governments need to be reminded that a failure to commit funding and resources to the extension of programs for AIDS research, prevention and care is both cynical and unwise. Now is the time to redouble our efforts, not to abandon them.

Published
1996

27. Rectal gonorrhoea as an independent risk factor for HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual men

Author

Craib, K J, Meddings, D R, Strathdee, S A, Hogg, R S, Montaner, J S, O'Shaughnessy, M V, and Schechter, M T

Subjects
Adult, Male, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, Gonorrhea, Logistic Models, Rectal Diseases, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Syphilis, Homosexuality, Male, Research Article
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether certain sexually transmitted diseases are independent risk factors for HIV transmission in a cohort of homosexual men. METHODS--Eligible cases were identified as those who had seroconverted between November 1982 and November 1990. Two persistently HIV-seronegative control participants were randomly selected for each case from all participants who remained seronegative in November 1990. For cases, risk factor data were taken from an index visit which was defined as the first seropositive visit, while for controls these data were obtained from a matched visit which occurred within two months of the index visit for the corresponding case. Mantel-Haenszel methods and logistic regression were used to compare differences in risk factors for seroconversion between cases and controls. RESULTS--A total of 125 cases and 250 controls were eligible for this study. Cases were significantly more likely to have had reported any gonorrhoea (17% versus 6%; OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.51-5.73) or syphilis (7% versus 2%; OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 1.33-10.79) than controls during the seroconversion period. Multivariate logistic regression revealed rectal gonorrhoea to be independently associated with risk of seroconversion (odds ratio = 3.18; p = 0.044), whereas urethral gonorrhoea (p = 0.479) and pharyngeal gonorrhoea (p = 0.434) were not after inclusion of rectal gonorrhoea. In addition, the following variables were also shown to exert an independent effect on seroconversion: frequency of anal intercourse, use of illicit drugs, number of male sexual partners, and lack of a post-secondary education. CONCLUSIONS--In this observational study, rectal gonorrhoea was found to be associated with HIV seroconversion after adjustment for a number of HIV risk factors. We cannot rule out that rectal gonorrhoea was not directly associated with HIV infection but rather with other residual lifestyle factors not fully adjusted for in the analysis. However, the relationship with gonococcal involvement of a specific anatomic site lends support to a biological association between gonorrhoea and HIV infection, rather than to alternative non-biologic explanations. Our findings are consistent with previous studies reporting an association between HIV infection and non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases. Such a direct association might be explained by postulating that gonorrhoea results in inflamed rectal mucosa and compromised epithelial integrity, thereby predisposing an individual to subsequent HIV infection.

Published
1995

31. HIV and ethnicity in Canada: is the HIV risk-taking behaviour of young foreign-born MSM similar to Canadian born MSM?

Author

George, C., primary, Alary, M., additional, Hogg, R. S., additional, Otis, J., additional, Remis, R. S, additional, Mâsse, B., additional, Turmel, B., additional, Leclerc, R., additional, Lavoie, R., additional, Vincelette, J., additional, Parent, R., additional, Chan, K., additional, Martindale, S., additional, Miller, M. L., additional, Craib, K. J. P., additional, and Schechter, M. T., additional

Published
2007
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34. Underreporting of AIDS cases in Canada: a record linkage study

Author

Calzavara, L M, Coates, R A, Craib, K J, Schechter, M T, Le, T N, Nault, P L, and Elmslie, K

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Canada, Time Factors, Evaluation Studies as Topic, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Medical Record Linkage, Registries, Medical Records, Research Article, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract

To estimate the rate of underreporting of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) to the Federal Centre for AIDS (FCA), in 1988 the initials, date of birth and place of residence of 66 patients with AIDS known to the Toronto Sexual Contact Study (TSCS), 65 patients with AIDS known to the Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study (VLAS) and other participants in both studies who did not have AIDS were sent to the Bureau of Epidemiology and Surveillance, FCA. The FCA conducted a manual record linkage to link these data to the national registry of reported cases. The rate of underreporting was 12% (8/65) for the VLAS and 18% (12/66) for the TSCS. The specific diagnosis was not related to the rate of underreporting. For the TSCS the rate of underreporting had increased from 0% in 1983-84 to 44% in 1987-88 (p = 0.001). Differences in the observed rates of underreporting between the two studies are likely the result of differences in the reporting responsibilities of physicians involved in the studies.

Published
1990

44. VEUGELERS ET AL. REPLY

Author

van Griensven, G. J. P., primary, Veugelers, P. J., additional, Page-Shafer, K. A., additional, Kaldor, J. M., additional, and Schechter, M. T., additional

Published
1996
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