Search

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-psw-10.1177_14789299221149505 for Europeans’ Attitudes Toward the Goals of Agricultural Policy: A Case of Rural–Urban Divide? by Jale Tosun, Simon Schaub and Charlene Marek in Political Studies Review

Zusammenfassung: Was ist Politikwissenschaft? Was verstehen wir unter politikwissenschaftlicher Umweltforschung? Welche Forschungsbereiche, Institutionen und Studienmöglichkeiten gibt es und mit welchen Themen hat sich die politikwissenschaftliche Umweltforschung in den letzten Jahren beschäftigt? Diese und weitere Fragen stehen im Vordergrund dieses Überblickartikels, der zum Ziel hat, einen einfachen Einstieg in das Fachgebiet und zentrale Themenkomplexe zu bieten sowie auf aktuelle Trends, Chancen und Herausforderungen der Inter- und Transdisziplinarität auf diesem Gebiet einzugehen. Mit Blick auf die Entwicklung der politikwissenschaftlichen Umweltforschung in den letzten Jahren ist, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der zunehmenden Dynamik politikrelevanter Umweltherausforderungen, zu erwarten, dass die Bedeutung des Fachs weiter zunehmen wird. Um zum Verständnis politischer Strukturen, Prozesse und Inhalte im Umweltkontext beitragen zu können, gewinnt die effektive Zusammenarbeit mit Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern aus anderen Fächern aufgrund der Komplexität des Themenbereichs kontinuierlich an Bedeutung.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pus-10.1177_09636625211070150 for Does China have a public debate on genetically modified organisms? A discourse network analysis of public debate on Weibo by Yan Jin, Simon Schaub, Jale Tosun and Justus Wesseler in Public Understanding of Science

To understand how actors make collective policy decisions, scholars use policy and discourse network approaches to analyze interdependencies among actors. While policy networks often build on survey data, discourse networks typically use media data to capture the beliefs or policy preferences shared by actors. One of the reasons for the variety of data sources is that discourse data can be more accessible to researchers than survey data (or vice versa). In order to make an informed decision on valid data sources, researchers need to understand how differences in data sources may affect results. As this remains largely unexplored, we analyze the differences and similarities between policy and discourse networks. We systematically compare policy networks with discourse networks in respect of the types of actors participating in them, the policy proposals actors advocate and their coalition structures. For the policy field of micropollutants in surface waters in Germany, we observe only small differences between the results obtained using the policy and discourse network approaches. We find that the discourse network approach particularly emphasizes certain actor types, i.e., expanders who seek to change the policy status quo. The policy network approach particularly reflects electoral interests, since preferences for policies targeting voters are less visible. Finally, different observation periods reveal some smaller differences in the coalition structures within the discourse network. Beyond these small differences, both approaches come to largely congruent results with regards to actor types, policy preferences and coalition structures. In our case, the use of discourse and policy network approaches lead to similar conclusions regarding the study of policy processes.

Additional file 1. Supplemental materials.

This study investigates municipalities&rsquo, regulatory activities in the field of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) for agricultural use. To explore the determinants of these activities, the case of Germany was selected as in this country, municipalities have legal possibilities to impose local GMO cultivation bans. Using data from 131 local council resolutions, the combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis shows that, in most cases, no single factors, but a variety of factors lead to regulatory activity. The study reveals that functional motivations to prevent negative socio-economic effects or impacts on the environment or human health are decisive for municipalities&rsquo, decisions to regulate. Furthermore, the results of the quantitative analysis unveil that municipalities often refer to both socio-economic reasons and risks for the environment and human health when justifying their decisions. Moreover, the results indicate that local policymakers impose popular cultivation bans to promote their own political success. Finally, the horizontal diffusion of regulations between municipalities, but also vertical diffusion from higher political levels can be observed. Overall, the results of this study on GMOs on a local level further emphasize the importance of analyzing the interdependencies between agroecosystems and socio-economic systems in their full complexity.

Paper temporarily removed at the request of the Authors, March 11, 2016.

It was shown previously that following treatment with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) SV40-transformed cells from xeroderma pigmentosum patient XP12RO, complementation group A remove O6-ethylguanine from their DNA 2 to 3 times more slowly than do such cells from a normal individual (GM637), but that each of the several other DNA adducts studied are removed at the same rate by both cell lines. If O6-ethylguanine contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effect of ENU, a population which can excise this lesion more rapidly than another during the posttreatment period should exhibit a higher survival. We compared these two cell lines for survival of colony-forming ability following exposure to ENU. XP12RO-SV40 cells proved approximately 3.5-fold more sensitive than GM637. To extend this study to non-transformed diploid human fibroblasts, we compared the survival of cells derived from normal individuals (NF) with that of fibroblasts from several XP patients: XP12BE (group A), XP7BE (group D), and XP4BE (an XP variant). The survival curve of NF, XP7BE, and XP4BE cells, but not XP12BE cells, exhibited a distinct shoulder. The slope of the survival curve for XP12BE cells was 3-fold steeper than that of the exponential part of the curve for NF; the slope of the curve for XP7BE cells, 2-fold steeper; and that of XP4BE cells, 1.7-fold steeper. This enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed in XP12BE cells treated with methylating agents such as methylnitrosourea or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. We compared NF and XP12BE cells for sensitivity to the mutagenic action of ENU and found approximately 3-fold higher frequencies of 6-thioguanine resistant mutants in the XP cells. This result is expected if the XP cells are slower than normal in excising O6-ethylguanine and if this adduct is mutagenic. When we compared the frequency of mutations induced by ENU and u.v. radiation at doses which caused equal cell killing, ENU was 4-fold more efficient a mutagen than u.v.

A new rapid method for assessing murine macrophage chemotaxis was developed using peritoneal exudate cells labeled with [5,6-3H]uridine in modified Boyden chambers with double polycarbonate filters. The method gave positive results with endotoxin-treated mouse serum and with serum-free culture supernatant of the DBA/2 SaD2 fibrosarcoma. These results correlated with results obtained with conventional microscopic assessment of chemotaxis. Using this method, the SaD2 supernatant was shown to be chemotactic rather than chemokinetic.

Fachkräfte sind davon überzeugt, dass Heilpädagogische Früherziehung (HFE) wirkt, während jene, welche die Massnahme finanzieren, zunehmend Wirksamkeitsbelege fordern. Eltern von Kleinkindern sind individuellen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Wenn sich ein Kind in Verhalten und Entwicklung von Gleichaltrigen unterscheidet, kommen zusätzliche Belastungsaspekte hinzu. Welche dies sind, wie elterliche Belastung entsteht und weshalb das Themenfeld für die HFE relevant ist, wird theoretisch hergeleitet und begründet. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit geht der Fragestellung nach, ob die HFE einen positiven Effekt auf das elterliche Belastungserleben hat. Mittels experimenteller Einzelfallstudie mit multiplem Baseline-Design wurden über 10 Wochen 2 Elternteile täglich zu ihrem Belastungserleben befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass die HFE einen positiven Effekt auf das elterliche Belastungserleben hat.