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Gastric cannulae were placed in the stomach of four dogs. The acid output per hour was determined after (1) the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg histamine (base), (2) the subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg histamine (base), and (3) the intravenous injection of 1.0 unit/kg of insulin. The pepsin concentration was also determined after the intravenous injection of 1.0 unit/kg of insulin. Following bilateral labyrinthectomy the gastric secretory studies were repeated at intervals. There was a depression of the acid output and the pepsin concentration in all dogs, to all the gastric stimuli, over a four-month period.

THE FIRST animal experiments involving the action of posterior pituitary extracts on the stomach were reported in 1916. Rogers and co-workers observed that pituitary extracts reduced the flow of gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs.1 Dodds found that single large subcutaneous injections of the posterior pituitary extract produced temporary collapse, bloody diarrhea, and decreased food intake in rabbits. If these animals were examined in the early stages of the reaction, acute gastritis was found, confined to the acid secreting portion of the mucosa.2,3 Repeated oral or subcutaneous administration of the posterior pituitary extracts was found to cause single punched-out ulcers in the acid-bearing area of the rabbit's stomach,4 blanching of the stomach and duodenum in rabbits,5 and multiple hemorrhages, erosions, and small ulcers in the dog's stomach.6 This gastrotoxic factor was found to be associated with the pressor and not the oxytocic fraction of the

1. Antibodies prepared in the rabbit to penicilloyl-rabbit serum albumin or to penicilloyl-bovine serum albumin were demonstrated by immunodiffusion and absorption methods to be apparently directed exclusively against the penicilloyl moiety. The antibodies could precipitate heavily substituted penicilloyl polylysine, as well as each other, with "reactions of identity". All could mutually deplete detectable antibodies by cross-absorption. 2. Small haptens containing both fluorescein and the penicilloyl group were synthesized. They were also capable of completely absorbing the antipenicilloyl antibodies from rabbit antiserum, as evidenced by immunodiffusion tests. The haptens were used in fluorescence polarization tests with gamma globulin from normal and immunized rabbits, and from normal and allergic humans. The rabbit antipenicilloyl gamma globulins in concentrations as low as 5 to 10 µg of protein/ml could significantly increase the polarization of the haptens. Normal gamma globulin had no effect at the highest concentrations tested, 1200 µg/ml. In all tests, rabbit and human antibody reacted similarly. 3. Fluorescence polarization titration curves for both human and rabbit antipenicilloyl gamma globulins were analyzed by computer and the antibody concentrations, avidities, and heterogeneity constants were determined. For the human antibody, the latter two values were 3.0 x 107 M–1 and 0.78, while for the rabbit, they were 8.7 x 106 M–1 and 0.71. The data were employed to estimate the limit of sensitivity of fluorescence polarization for detecting antipenicilloyl antibodies. Under the conditions employed, this value was roughly 0.4 µg antibody/ml. 4. When the whole rabbit sera were tested for penicilloyl antibodies by fluorescence polarization, both normal (preimmune) and immune sera revealed striking and equivalent increases in polarization with the penicilloyl haptens. This non-specific binding was shown to be due at least in part to serum albumin. Indications were obtained that it might be significantly reduced by increasing the pH or the salt concentration of the medium, or by addition of certain anions.

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is mediated by the hormone gastrin which is elaborated by the antrum of the stomach. The exact cell of origin of this powerful hormone has not been determined; there are, however, many indications that intramural neural tissue plays an important role. Zeljong and Savich, working in Pavlov's laboratory, demonstrated that cocaine applied to the antral mucosa inhibited this hormonal mechanism.1 This finding has been confirmed,2 and other topical anesthetic agents without the vasoconstrictor properties of cocaine have a similar effect.3 In addition topically applied atropine inhibits,2 while topical acetylcholine potentiates, the gastrin mechanism.4Baugh and co-workers stripped the seromuscular layer from the antrum, substituting the seromuscular coat of the colon.5 This "hybrid antrum" responded normally to chemical stimuli, although the threshold for stimulation was increased. Since this dissection plane leaves the submucosa and submucous autonomic plexus of Meissner

Intravenous injections of an ADH preparation into unaesthetized dogs resulted in reduced rates of pancreatic exocrine flow, provided that the doses were above 4.2 mU/kg dog. There was a direct relationship between the percentage inhibition of pancreatic flow and the log of the dose of ADH administered. Oxytocin had no such effect in doses up to 83 mU/kg dog. During ADH inhibition, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate concentrations in the juice remained unchanged but protein and amylase concentrations increased.Sodium thioglycollate, sodium hydroxide, and ultraviolet light, all of which destroy ADH, destroyed the pancreas-inhibiting factor. Intravenous injection of hypertonic sodium chloride and hypertonic glucose solutions also reduced the rate of pancreatic exocrine flow.It is suggested that ADH can cause the isosmotic reabsorption of electrolytes from pancreatic secretion by an action on the cells of the pancreatic ducts.