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1,175 results on '"Schachar, Russell"'

1. Genome-Wide Association Study of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms including 33,943 individuals from the general population

Author

Strom, Nora I., Burton, Christie L., Iyegbe, Conrad, Silzer, Talisa, Antonyan, Lilit, Pool, René, Lemire, Mathieu, Crowley, James J., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Ivanov, Volen Z., Larsson, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Magnusson, Patrik, Rück, Christian, Schachar, Russell, Wu, Hei Man, Cath, Danielle, Crosbie, Jennifer, Mataix-Cols, David, Boomsma, Dorret I., Mattheisen, Manuel, Meier, Sandra M., Smit, Dirk J. A., and Arnold, Paul D.

Published
2024
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3. Harmonizing two measures of adaptive functioning using computational approaches: prediction of vineland adaptive behavior scales II (VABS-II) from the adaptive behavior assessment system II (ABAS-II) scores

Author

Smith, Corinna, Lautarescu, Alexandra, Charman, Tony, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell J., Iaboni, Alana, Georgiades, Stelios, Nicolson, Robert, Kelley, Elizabeth, Ayub, Muhammad, Jones, Jessica, Arnold, Paul D., Lerch, Jason P., Anagnostou, Evdokia, and Kushki, Azadeh

Published
2024
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6. The genetic architecture of youth anxiety: a study protocol

Author

McAusland, Laina, Burton, Christie L., Bagnell, Alexa, Boylan, Khrista, Hatchard, Taylor, Lingley-Pottie, Patricia, Al Maruf, Abdullah, McGrath, Patrick, Newton, Amanda S., Rowa, Karen, Schachar, Russell J., Shaheen, S-M, Stewart, Sam, Arnold, Paul D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Mattheisen, Manuel, Soreni, Noam, Stewart, S. Evelyn, and Meier, Sandra

Published
2024
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9. Novel Psychiatric Disorder 6 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.

Author

Hesselink, John, Ewing-Cobbs, Linda, Schachar, Russell, Chapman, Sandra, Bigler, Erin, Wilde, Elisabeth, Saunders, Ann, Yang, Tony, Tymofiyeva, Olga, Levin, Harvey, Max, Jeffrey, Drake, Imogen, and Vaida, Florin

Subjects
Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Traumatic Brain Injury, Child, Humans, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Brain Injuries, Mental Disorders, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prefrontal Cortex
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors predictive of novel psychiatric disorders in the interval 0-6 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Children ages 5-14 years consecutively hospitalized for mild to severe TBI at five hospitals were recruited. Participants were evaluated at baseline (soon after injury) for pre-injury characteristics including psychiatric disorders, socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial adversity, family function, family psychiatric history, and adaptive function. In addition to the psychosocial variables, injury severity and lesion location detected with acquisition of a research MRI were measured to develop a biopsychosocial predictive model for development of novel psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric outcome, including occurrence of a novel psychiatric disorder, was assessed 6 months after the injury. RESULTS: The recruited sample numbered 177 children, and 141 children (80%) returned for the six-month assessment. Of the 141 children, 58 (41%) developed a novel psychiatric disorder. In univariable analyses, novel psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with lower SES, higher psychosocial adversity, and lesions in frontal lobe locations, such as frontal white matter, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and orbital gyrus. Multivariable analyses found that novel psychiatric disorder was independently and significantly associated with frontal-lobe white matter, superior frontal gyrus, and orbital gyrus lesions. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that occurrence of novel psychiatric disorders following pediatric TBI requiring hospitalization is common and has identifiable psychosocial and specific biological predictors. However, only the lesion predictors were independently related to this adverse psychiatric outcome.

Published
2023

13. Polygenic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and cognitive impairments

Author

Vainieri, Isabella, Martin, Joanna, Rommel, Anna-Sophie, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Buitelaar, Jan, Cormand, Bru, Crosbie, Jennifer, Faraone, Stephen V, Franke, Barbara, Loo, Sandra K, Miranda, Ana, Manor, Iris, Oades, Robert D, Purves, Kirstin L, Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni, Ribasés, Marta, Roeyers, Herbert, Rothenberger, Aribert, Schachar, Russell, Sergeant, Joseph, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Vuijk, Pieter J, Doyle, Alysa E, and Kuntsi, Jonna

Subjects
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Genetics, Prevention, Human Genome, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Humans, Young Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cognitive Dysfunction, Genome-Wide Association Study, Phenotype, Reaction Time, Case-Control Studies, ADHD, attention, cognition, inhibition, polygenic risk scores, reaction time variability, Neurosciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology, Psychiatry
Abstract

BackgroundA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE).MethodsThe discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases and 34 194 control participants. The combined target sample included 845 people with ADHD (age: 8-40 years). RTV and CE were available from reaction time and response inhibition tasks. ADHD PRS were calculated from the GWAS using a leave-one-study-out approach. Regression analyses were run to investigate whether ADHD PRS were associated with CE and RTV. Results across sites were combined via random effect meta-analyses.ResultsWhen combining the studies in meta-analyses, results were significant for RTV (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.088, p = 0.02) but not for CE (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.013, p = 0.732). No significant association was found between ADHD PRS and RTV or CE in any sample individually (p > 0.10).ConclusionsWe detected a significant association between PRS for ADHD and RTV (but not CE) in individuals with ADHD, suggesting that common genetic risk variants for ADHD influence attention regulation.

Published
2022

15. Atypical Brain Aging and Its Association With Working Memory Performance in Major Depressive Disorder

Author

Adamson, Chris, Adler, Sophie, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., Anagnostou, Evdokia, Anderson, Kevin M., Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky, Astle, Duncan E., Auyeung, Bonnie, Ayub, Muhammad, Bae, Jong Bin, Ball, Gareth, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beare, Richard, Bedford, Saashi A., Benegal, Vivek, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., Beyer, Frauke, Blangero, John, Cábez, Manuel Blesa, Boardman, James P., Borzage, Matthew, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F., Bourke, Niall, Bullmore, Edward T., Calhoun, Vince D., Chakravarty, Mallar M., Chen, Christina, Chertavian, Casey, Chetelat, Gaël, Chong, Yap S., Corvin, Aiden, Costantino, Manuela, Courchesne, Eric, Crivello, Fabrice, Cropley, Vanessa L., Crosbie, Jennifer, Crossley, Nicolas, Delarue, Marion, Delorme, Richard, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Devenyi, Gabriel, Di Biase, Maria A., Dolan, Ray, Donald, Kirsten A., Donohoe, Gary, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Dunlop, Katharine, Edwards, Anthony D., Elison, Jed T., Ellis, Cameron T., Elman, Jeremy A., Eyler, Lisa, Fair, Damien A., Fletcher, Paul C., Fonagy, Peter, Franz, Carol E., Galan-Garcia, Lidice, Gholipour, Ali, Giedd, Jay, Gilmore, John H., Glahn, David C., Goodyer, Ian M., Grant, P.E., Groenewold, Nynke A., Gudapati, Shreya, Gunning, Faith M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hammill, Christopher F., Hansson, Oskar, Hedden, Trey, Heinz, Andreas, Henson, Richard N., Heuer, Katja, Hoare, Jacqueline, Holla, Bharath, Holmes, Avram J., Huang, Hao, Ipser, Jonathan, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Jackowski, Andrea P., Jia, Tianye, Jones, David T., Jones, Peter B., Kahn, Rene S., Karlsson, Hasse, Karlsson, Linnea, Kawashima, Ryuta, Kelley, Elizabeth A., Kern, Silke, Kim, Ki-Woong, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., Kremen, William S., Lalonde, François, Landeau, Brigitte, Lerch, Jason, Lewis, John D., Li, Jiao, Liao, Wei, Liston, Conor, Lombardo, Michael V., Lv, Jinglei, Mallard, Travis T., Marcelis, Machteld, Mathias, Samuel R., Mazoyer, Bernard, McGuire, Philip, Meaney, Michael J., Mechelli, Andrea, Misic, Bratislav, Morgan, Sarah E., Mothersill, David, Ortinau, Cynthia, Ossenkoppele, Rik, Ouyang, Minhui, Palaniyappan, Lena, Paly, Leo, Pan, Pedro M., Pantelis, Christos, Park, Min Tae M., Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Paz-Linares, Deirel, Binette, Alexa Pichet, Pierce, Karen, Qian, Xing, Qiu, Anqi, Raznahan, Armin, Rittman, Timothy, Rodrigue, Amanda, Rollins, Caitlin K., Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Ronan, Lisa, Rosenberg, Monica D., Rowitch, David H., Salum, Giovanni A., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Schaare, H. Lina, Schabdach, Jenna, Schachar, Russell J., Schöll, Michael, Schultz, Aaron P., Seidlitz, Jakob, Sharp, David, Shinohara, Russell T., Skoog, Ingmar, Smyser, Christopher D., Sperling, Reisa A., Stein, Dan J., Stolicyn, Aleks, Suckling, John, Sullivan, Gemma, Thyreau, Benjamin, Toro, Roberto, Traut, Nicolas, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., Tuulari, Jetro J., Tzourio, Christophe, Vachon-Presseau, Étienne, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J., Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A., Valk, Sofie L., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vandekar, Simon N., Vasung, Lana, Vértes, Petra E., Victoria, Lindsay W., Villeneuve, Sylvia, Villringer, Arno, Vogel, Jacob W., Wagstyl, Konrad, Wang, Yin-Shan S., Warfield, Simon K., Warrier, Varun, Westman, Eric, Westwater, Margaret L., Whalley, Heather C., White, Simon R., Witte, A. Veronica, Yang, Ning, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, Yun, Hyuk Jin, Zalesky, Andrew, Zar, Heather J., Zettergren, Anna, Zhou, Juan H., Ziauddeen, Hisham, Zimmerman, Dabriel, Zugman, Andre, Zuo, Xi-Nian N., Ho, Natalie C.W., Nogovitsyn, Nikita, Metzak, Paul, Ballester, Pedro L., Hassel, Stefanie, Rotzinger, Susan, Poppenk, Jordan, Lam, Raymond W., Taylor, Valerie H., Milev, Roumen, Frey, Benicio N., Harkness, Kate L., Addington, Jean, and Kennedy, Sidney H.

Published
2024
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16. Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of genome wide association studies of inhibitory control

Author

Arnatkeviciute, Aurina, Lemire, Mathieu, Morrison, Claire, Mooney, Michael, Ryabinin, Peter, Roslin, Nicole M., Nikolas, Molly, Coxon, James, Tiego, Jeggan, Hawi, Ziarih, Fornito, Alex, Henrik, Walter, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Artiges, Eric, Garavan, Hugh, Nigg, Joel, Friedman, Naomi P., Burton, Christie, Schachar, Russell, Crosbie, Jennifer, and Bellgrove, Mark A.

Published
2023
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17. Novel Oppositional Defiant Disorder 6 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.

Author

Hesselink, John, Levin, Harvey, Ewing-Cobbs, Linda, Schachar, Russell, Chapman, Sandra, Bigler, Erin, Wilde, Elisabeth, Saunders, Ann, Yang, Tony, Tymofiyeva, Olga, Arif, Hattan, Max, Jeffrey, Lowet, Daniel, Kolan, Anish, and Vaida, Florin

Subjects
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury, Adolescent, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Brain Injuries, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Social Class
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The investigators aimed to assess predictive factors of novel oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among children and adolescents in the first 6 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Children ages 5-14 years who experienced a TBI were recruited from consecutive admissions to five hospitals. Testing of a biopsychosocial model that may elucidate the development of novel ODD included assessment soon after injury (baseline) of preinjury characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, adaptive function, family function, psychosocial adversity, family psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, injury severity, and postinjury processing speed (which may be a proxy for brain injury). MRI analyses were also conducted to examine potential brain lesions. Psychiatric outcome, including that of novel ODD, was assessed 6 months after the injury. RESULTS: A total of 177 children and adolescents were recruited for the study, and 134 who were without preinjury ODD, conduct disorder, or disruptive behavior disorder not otherwise specified (DBD NOS) returned for the 6-month assessment. Of those who returned 6 months postinjury, 11 (8.2%) developed novel ODD, and none developed novel conduct disorder or DBD NOS. Novel ODD was significantly associated with socioeconomic status, preinjury family functioning, psychosocial adversity, and processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that an important minority of children with TBI developed ODD. Psychosocial and injury-related variables, including socioeconomic status, lower family function, psychosocial adversity, and processing speed, significantly increase risk for this outcome.

Published
2022

19. The AL-Gaussian Distribution as the Descriptive Model for the Internal Proactive Inhibition in the Standard Stop Signal Task

Author

Soltanifar, Mohsen, Escobar, Michael, Dupuis, Annie, Chevrier, Andre, and Schachar, Russell

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Measurements of response inhibition components of reactive inhibition and proactive inhibition within the stop signal paradigm have been of special interest for researchers since the 1980s. While frequentist nonparametric and Bayesian parametric methods have been proposed to precisely estimate the entire distribution of reactive inhibition, quantified by stop signal reaction times(SSRT), there is no method yet in the stop-signal task literature to precisely estimate the entire distribution of proactive inhibition. We introduce an Asymmetric Laplace Gaussian (ALG) model to describe the distribution of proactive inhibition. The proposed method is based on two assumptions of independent trial type(go/stop) reaction times, and Ex-Gaussian (ExG) models for them. Results indicated that the four parametric, ALG model uniquely describes the proactive inhibition distribution and its key shape features; and, its hazard function is monotonically increasing as are its three parametric ExG components. In conclusion, both response inhibition components can be uniquely modeled via variations of the four parametric ALG model described with their associated similar distributional features., Comment: KEYWORDS Proactive Inhibition, Reaction Times, Ex-Gaussian, Asymmetric Laplace Gaussian, Bayesian Parametric Approach, Hazard function

Published
2021
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20. A Bayesian Mixture Modelling of Stop Signal Reaction Time Distributions

Author

Soltanifar, Mohsen, Escobar, Michael, Dupuis, Annie, and Schachar, Russell

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

The distribution of single Stop Signal Reaction Times (SSRT) in the stop signal task (SST) as a measurement of the latency of the unobservable stopping process has been modeled with a nonparametric method by Hans Colonius (1990) and with a Bayesian parametric method by Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and colleagues (2012). These methods assume equal impact of the preceding trial type (go/stop) in the SST trials on the SSRT distributional estimation without addressing the case of the violated assumption. This study presents the required model by considering two-state mixture model for the SSRT distribution. It then compares the Bayesian parametric single SSRT and mixture SSRT distributions in the usual stochastic order at the individual and the population level under the ex-Gaussian distributional format. It shows that compared to a single SSRT distribution, the mixture SSRT distribution is more diverse, more positively skewed, more leptokurtic, and larger in stochastic order. The size of the disparities in the results also depends on the choice of weights in the mixture SSRT distribution. This study confirms that mixture SSRT indices as a constant or distribution are significantly larger than their single SSRT counterparts in the related order. This offers a vital improvement in the SSRT estimations., Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures

Published
2020
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21. Brain-Charting Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Reveals Distinct and Overlapping Neurobiology

Author

Bailey, Anthony J., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick F., Bullmore, Edward T., Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Craig, Michael C., Daly, Eileen M., Deoni, Sean C.L., Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G.M., Pasco, Greg, Ruigrok, Amber N.V., Sadek, Susan A., Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Suckling, John, Wheelwright, Sally J., Williams, Steven C., Bedford, Saashi A., Ruigrok, Amber, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Lerch, Jason P., Taylor, Margot, Nicolson, Rob, Stelios, Georgiades, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Kelley, Elizabeth, Jones, Jessica, Arnold, Paul D., Courchesne, Eric, Pierce, Karen, Eyler, Lisa T., Campbell, Kathleen, Barnes, Cynthia Carter, Seidlitz, Jakob, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., and Bethlehem, Richard A.I.

Published
2024
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22. Differential stress response to psychological and physical stressors in children using spatial versus response-dependent navigation strategies

Author

West, Greg L, Kurdi, Vanessa, Fouquet, Celine, Schachar, Russell, Boivin, Michel, Hastings, Paul, Robaey, Philippe, and Bohbot, Veronique D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Caudate nucleus, Cortisol, Development, Hippocampus, Navigational strategies, Stress response, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Previous work from our lab has shown that basal cortisol levels are different between healthy young adults who spontaneously use caudate nucleus-dependent response strategies compared to young adults who use hippocampus-dependent spatial navigation strategies. Young adults who use caudate nucleus dependent strategies display lower basal cortisol levels compared to those who use hippocampus-dependent strategies. In the current study, we assessed navigation strategies in children using a virtual navigation task and measured cortisol at baseline as well as cortisol reactivity to both a psychological and to a physical stressor. Replicating what is observed in adults, we found that children who used caudate nucleus-dependent navigation strategies displayed lower cortisol levels at baseline compared to those who used hippocampus-dependent strategies. The psychological stressor, knowledge that a blood draw would be performed by a nurse, caused a significant increase in cortisol uniquely in response learners. The physical stressor, the actual blood draw, produced a significant increase in cortisol amongst spatial learners that was then comparable to levels observed in response learners. Lower baseline cortisol and higher cortisol psychological stress response observed amongst children who used response strategies may therefore reflect early biological changes during development which may have an impact later in life when considering risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Published
2021

24. Genome-wide association study of pediatric obsessive-compulsive traits: shared genetic risk between traits and disorder.

Author

Burton, Christie L, Lemire, Mathieu, Xiao, Bowei, Corfield, Elizabeth C, Erdman, Lauren, Bralten, Janita, Poelmans, Geert, Yu, Dongmei, Shaheen, S-M, Goodale, Tara, Sinopoli, Vanessa M, OCD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Soreni, Noam, Hanna, Gregory L, Fitzgerald, Kate D, Rosenberg, David, Nestadt, Gerald, Paterson, Andrew D, Strug, Lisa J, Schachar, Russell J, Crosbie, Jennifer, and Arnold, Paul D

Subjects
OCD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

Using a novel trait-based measure, we examined genetic variants associated with obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits and tested whether OC traits and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shared genetic risk. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of OC traits using the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (TOCS) in 5018 unrelated Caucasian children and adolescents from the community (Spit for Science sample). We tested the hypothesis that genetic variants associated with OC traits from the community would be associated with clinical OCD using a meta-analysis of all currently available OCD cases. Shared genetic risk was examined between OC traits and OCD in the respective samples using polygenic risk score and genetic correlation analyses. A locus tagged by rs7856850 in an intron of PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase δ) was significantly associated with OC traits at the genome-wide significance level (p = 2.48 × 10-8). rs7856850 was also associated with OCD in a meta-analysis of OCD case/control genome-wide datasets (p = 0.0069). The direction of effect was the same as in the community sample. Polygenic risk scores from OC traits were significantly associated with OCD in case/control datasets and vice versa (p's

Published
2021

27. Systematic comparisons of different quality control approaches applied to three large pediatric neuroimaging datasets

Author

Nakua, Hajer, Hawco, Colin, Forde, Natalie J., Joseph, Michael, Grillet, Maud, Johnson, Delaney, Jacobs, Grace R., Hill, Sean, Voineskos, Aristotle N., Wheeler, Anne L., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Szatmari, Peter, Georgiades, Stelios, Nicolson, Rob, Schachar, Russell, Crosbie, Jennifer, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Lerch, Jason P., Arnold, Paul D., and Ameis, Stephanie H.

Published
2023
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29. Factor Structure of Repetitive Behaviors across Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Author

Brierley, Noah J., McDonnell, Christina G., Parks, Kaitlyn M. A., Schulz, Samantha E., Dalal, Tyler C., Kelley, Elizabeth, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Nicolson, Robert, Georgiades, Stelios, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Liu, Xudong, and Stevenson, Ryan A.

Abstract

Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and commonly occur in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Little is known about how RRBs manifest in ADHD. We quantified and compared factor structures of RRBs in children with ASD (n = 634) or ADHD (n = 448), and related factors to sex and IQ. A four-factor solution emerged, including Stereotypy, Self-Injury, Compulsions, and Ritualistic/Sameness. Factor structures were equivalent across diagnoses, though symptoms were more severe in ASD. IQ negatively correlated with Stereotypy, Self-Injury, and Compulsions in ASD, and negatively correlated with Compulsions and Ritualistic/Sameness behaviors in ADHD. In ASD only, females exhibited higher Self-Injury. Thus, patterns of RRBs are preserved across ASD and ADHD, but severity and relationship with IQ differed.

Published
2021
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30. Concurrent Validity of the ABAS-II Questionnaire with the Vineland II Interview for Adaptive Behavior in a Pediatric ASD Sample: High Correspondence Despite Systematically Lower Scores

Author

Dupuis, Annie, Moon, Michael J., Brian, Jessica, Georgiades, Stelios, Levy, Tomer, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Nicolson, Rob, Schachar, Russell, and Crosbie, Jennifer

Abstract

We examined the correlation between interviewer-administered Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II (VABS-II) and the parent-rated Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II (ABAS-II) questionnaire in 352 participants (ages 1.5-20.8 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to determine if ABAS could be used as a screen to reduce the number of VABS interviews. Corresponding domain scores between the two measures were highly correlated but scores were significantly lower on the ABAS-II. Screening with ABAS-II significantly reduced the number of VABS-II interviews required with little cost to overall accuracy. The ABAS-II provides a cost- and time-saving alternative to the VABS-II to rule out functional impairment; however, scores are not strictly comparable between the two measures.

Published
2021
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31. Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Consortium, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Lee, Phil H, Anttila, Verneri, Won, Hyejung, Feng, Yen-Chen A, Rosenthal, Jacob, Zhu, Zhaozhong, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Nivard, Michel G, Grotzinger, Andrew D, Posthuma, Danielle, Wang, Meg M-J, Yu, Dongmei, Stahl, Eli A, Walters, Raymond K, Anney, Richard JL, Duncan, Laramie E, Ge, Tian, Adolfsson, Rolf, Banaschewski, Tobias, Belangero, Sintia, Cook, Edwin H, Coppola, Giovanni, Derks, Eske M, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Kaprio, Jaakko, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kirov, George, Kranzler, Henry R, Luykx, Jurjen J, Rohde, Luis A, Zai, Clement C, Agerbo, Esben, Arranz, MJ, Asherson, Philip, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Baldursson, Gísli, Bellgrove, Mark, Belliveau, Richard A, Buitelaar, Jan, Burton, Christie L, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Casas, Miquel, Cerrato, Felecia, Chambert, Kimberly, Churchhouse, Claire, Cormand, Bru, Crosbie, Jennifer, Dalsgaard, Søren, Demontis, Ditte, Doyle, Alysa E, Dumont, Ashley, Elia, Josephine, Grove, Jakob, Gudmundsson, Olafur O, Haavik, Jan, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Christine S, Hartman, Catharina A, Hawi, Ziarih, Hervás, Amaia, Hougaard, David M, Howrigan, Daniel P, Huang, Hailiang, Kuntsi, Jonna, Langley, Kate, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Leung, Patrick WL, Loo, Sandra K, Martin, Joanna, Martin, Alicia R, McGough, James J, Medland, Sarah E, Moran, Jennifer L, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B, Oades, Robert D, Palmer, Duncan S, Pedersen, Carsten B, Pedersen, Marianne G, Peters, Triinu, Poterba, Timothy, Poulsen, Jesper B, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Ribasés, Marta, Rothenberger, Aribert, Rovira, Paula, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Satterstrom, F Kyle, Schachar, Russell, Artigas, Maria Soler, Steinberg, Stacy, Stefansson, Hreinn, Turley, Patrick, Walters, G Bragi, Team, 23andMe Research, Werge, Thomas, Zayats, Tetyana, and Arking, Dan E

Subjects
Neurosciences, Serious Mental Illness, Human Genome, Schizophrenia, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Brain Disorders, Genetics, Pediatric, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Genetic Pleiotropy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Mental Disorders, Neurogenesis, Quantitative Trait Loci, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Electronic address: plee0@mgh.harvard.edu, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, GWAS, Psychiatric genetics, cross-disorder genetics, functional genomics, gene expression, genetic architecture, genetic correlation, neurodevelopment, pleiotropy, psychiatric disorders, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.

Published
2019

32. Cortico-amygdalar connectivity and externalizing/internalizing behavior in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Nakua, Hajer, Hawco, Colin, Forde, Natalie J., Jacobs, Grace R., Joseph, Michael, Voineskos, Aristotle N., Wheeler, Anne L., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Szatmari, Peter, Kelley, Elizabeth, Liu, Xudong, Georgiades, Stelios, Nicolson, Rob, Schachar, Russell, Crosbie, Jennifer, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Lerch, Jason P., Arnold, Paul D., and Ameis, Stephanie H.

Published
2022
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33. Sex and intelligence quotient differences in age of diagnosis among youth with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author

Hare, Carolynn, Leslie, Alexandra C., Bodell, Lindsay P., Kaufman, Erin A., Morton, J. Bruce, Nicolson, Robert, Kelley, Elizabeth, Jones, Jessica, Ayub, Muhammed, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Segers, Magali, and Stevenson, Ryan A.

Subjects
INTELLECT, STATISTICAL correlation, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, RESEARCH funding, CRONBACH'S alpha, SEX distribution, QUESTIONNAIRES, FISHER exact test, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, AGE distribution, CHI-squared test, AGE factors in disease, RESEARCH, ANALYSIS of variance, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, DATA analysis software, COGNITION, SOCIAL classes
Abstract

Objectives: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental condition and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Research suggests that some populations, such as females and individuals with high intelligence quotients may be a risk for late ADHD diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Our goal is to advance our understanding of ADHD diagnosis, by examining (1) how child sex and cognitive abilities together are related to the age of diagnosis and (2) whether symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis. Methods: Our analyses contained children who completed the required tests (N = 568) from a pre‐existing dataset of 1380 children with ADHD from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network (pond‐network.ca). First, we conducted a moderation analysis with sex as the predictor, cognitive abilities as the moderator, and age of diagnosis as the outcome. Second, we conducted correlation analyses examining how symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis. Results: Higher IQ was related to a later age of diagnosis. Higher hyperactive–impulsive symptoms and externalizing symptoms were related to an earlier age of diagnosis. Internalizing symptoms were trend associated with a later age of diagnosis in girls. Higher socioeconomic status and non‐White maternal ethnicity were related to later age of diagnosis. Conclusions: IQ, sex, ADHD symptomology, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and socio‐demographic factors affect the age of diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Author

Demontis, Ditte, Walters, Raymond K, Martin, Joanna, Mattheisen, Manuel, Als, Thomas D, Agerbo, Esben, Baldursson, Gísli, Belliveau, Rich, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Cerrato, Felecia, Chambert, Kimberly, Churchhouse, Claire, Dumont, Ashley, Eriksson, Nicholas, Gandal, Michael, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Grasby, Katrina L, Grove, Jakob, Gudmundsson, Olafur O, Hansen, Christine S, Hauberg, Mads Engel, Hollegaard, Mads V, Howrigan, Daniel P, Huang, Hailiang, Maller, Julian B, Martin, Alicia R, Martin, Nicholas G, Moran, Jennifer, Pallesen, Jonatan, Palmer, Duncan S, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Poterba, Timothy, Poulsen, Jesper Buchhave, Ripke, Stephan, Robinson, Elise B, Satterstrom, F Kyle, Stefansson, Hreinn, Stevens, Christine, Turley, Patrick, Walters, G Bragi, Won, Hyejung, Wright, Margaret J, ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), Early Lifecourse & Genetic Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium, 23andMe Research Team, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Burton, Christie L, Boomsma, Dorret I, Cormand, Bru, Dalsgaard, Søren, Franke, Barbara, Gelernter, Joel, Geschwind, Daniel, Hakonarson, Hakon, Haavik, Jan, Kranzler, Henry R, Kuntsi, Jonna, Langley, Kate, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Middeldorp, Christel, Reif, Andreas, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Roussos, Panos, Schachar, Russell, Sklar, Pamela, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund JS, Sullivan, Patrick F, Thapar, Anita, Tung, Joyce Y, Waldman, Irwin D, Medland, Sarah E, Stefansson, Kari, Nordentoft, Merete, Hougaard, David M, Werge, Thomas, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Daly, Mark J, Faraone, Stephen V, Børglum, Anders D, and Neale, Benjamin M

Subjects
ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Early Lifecourse & Genetic Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium, 23andMe Research Team, Brain, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk, Cohort Studies, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Gene Expression Regulation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Human Genome, Pediatric, Prevention, Genetics, Brain Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Behavioral and Social Science, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood behavioral disorder affecting 5% of children and 2.5% of adults. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ADHD susceptibility, but no variants have been robustly associated with ADHD. We report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 20,183 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,191 controls that identifies variants surpassing genome-wide significance in 12 independent loci, finding important new information about the underlying biology of ADHD. Associations are enriched in evolutionarily constrained genomic regions and loss-of-function intolerant genes and around brain-expressed regulatory marks. Analyses of three replication studies: a cohort of individuals diagnosed with ADHD, a self-reported ADHD sample and a meta-analysis of quantitative measures of ADHD symptoms in the population, support these findings while highlighting study-specific differences on genetic overlap with educational attainment. Strong concordance with GWAS of quantitative population measures of ADHD symptoms supports that clinical diagnosis of ADHD is an extreme expression of continuous heritable traits.

Published
2019

36. Correction: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of hoarding symptoms in 27,537 individuals

Author

Strom, Nora I., Smit, Dirk J. A., Silzer, Talisa, Iyegbe, Conrad, Burton, Christie L., Pool, René, Lemire, Mathieu, Crowley, James J., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Ivanov, Volen Z., Larsson, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Magnusson, Patrik, Rück, Christian, Schachar, Russell J., Wu, Hei Man, Meier, Sandra M., Crosbie, Jennifer, Arnold, Paul D., Mattheisen, Manuel, Boomsma, Dorret I., Mataix-Cols, David, and Cath, Danielle

Published
2022
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37. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of hoarding symptoms in 27,651 individuals

Author

Strom, Nora I., Smit, Dirk J. A., Silzer, Talisa, Iyegbe, Conrad, Burton, Christie L., Pool, René, Lemire, Mathieu, Crowley, James J., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Ivanov, Volen Z., Larsson, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Magnusson, Patrik, Rück, Christian, Schachar, Russell J., Wu, Hei Man, Meier, Sandra M., Crosbie, Jennifer, Arnold, Paul D., Mattheisen, Manuel, Boomsma, Dorret I., Mataix-Cols, David, and Cath, Danielle

Published
2022
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38. Dataset factors influencing age-related changes in brain structure and function in neurodevelopmental conditions

Author

Vandewouw, Marlee M, primary, Ye, Yifan J, additional, Crosbie, Jennifer, additional, Schachar, Russell J, additional, Iaboni, Alana, additional, Georgiades, Stelios, additional, Nicolson, Robert, additional, Kelley, Elizabeth, additional, Ayub, Muhammad, additional, Jones, Jessica, additional, Arnold, Paul D, additional, Taylor, Margot J, additional, Lerch, Jason P, additional, Anagnostou, Evdokia, additional, and Kushki, Azadeh, additional

Published
2024
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42. Dataset factors associated with age‐related changes in brain structure and function in neurodevelopmental conditions.

Author

Vandewouw, Marlee M., Ye, Yifan, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell J., Iaboni, Alana, Georgiades, Stelios, Nicolson, Robert, Kelley, Elizabeth, Ayub, Muhammad, Jones, Jessica, Arnold, Paul D., Taylor, Margot J., Lerch, Jason P., Anagnostou, Evdokia, and Kushki, Azadeh

Subjects
LARGE-scale brain networks, BRAIN anatomy, FUNCTIONAL connectivity, RACE, DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics
Abstract

With brain structure and function undergoing complex changes throughout childhood and adolescence, age is a critical consideration in neuroimaging studies, particularly for those of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions. However, despite the increasing use of large, consortium‐based datasets to examine brain structure and function in neurotypical and neurodivergent populations, it is unclear whether age‐related changes are consistent between datasets and whether inconsistencies related to differences in sample characteristics, such as demographics and phenotypic features, exist. To address this, we built models of age‐related changes of brain structure (regional cortical thickness and regional surface area; N = 1218) and function (resting‐state functional connectivity strength; N = 1254) in two neurodiverse datasets: the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Network and the Healthy Brain Network. We examined whether deviations from these models differed between the datasets, and explored whether these deviations were associated with demographic and clinical variables. We found significant differences between the two datasets for measures of cortical surface area and functional connectivity strength throughout the brain. For regional measures of cortical surface area, the patterns of differences were associated with race/ethnicity, while for functional connectivity strength, positive associations were observed with head motion. Our findings highlight that patterns of age‐related changes in the brain may be influenced by demographic and phenotypic characteristics, and thus future studies should consider these when examining or controlling for age effects in analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Atypical brain aging and its association with working memory performance in major depressive disorder

Author

Ho, Natalie C.W., primary, Bethlehem, Richard AI., additional, Seidlitz, Jakob, additional, Nogovitsyn, Nikita, additional, Metzak, Paul, additional, Ballester, Pedro L., additional, Hassel, Stefanie, additional, Rotzinger, Susan, additional, Poppenk, Jordan, additional, Lam, Raymond W., additional, Taylor, Valerie H., additional, Milev, Roumen, additional, Adamson, Chris, additional, Adler, Sophie, additional, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., additional, Anagnostou, Evdokia, additional, Anderson, Kevin M., additional, Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky, additional, Astle, Duncan E., additional, Auyeung, Bonnie, additional, Ayub, Muhammad, additional, Bae, Jong Bin, additional, Ball, Gareth, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Beare, Richard, additional, Bedford, Saashi A., additional, Benegal, Vivek, additional, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., additional, Beyer, Frauke, additional, Blangero, John, additional, Blesa Cábez, Manuel, additional, Boardman, James P., additional, Borzage, Matthew, additional, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F., additional, Bourke, Niall, additional, Bullmore, Edward T., additional, Calhoun, Vince D., additional, Chakravarty, Mallar M., additional, Chen, Christina, additional, Chertavian, Casey, additional, Chetelat, Gaël, additional, Chong, Yap S., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Costantino, Manuela, additional, Courchesne, Eric, additional, Crivello, Fabrice, additional, Cropley, Vanessa L., additional, Crosbie, Jennifer, additional, Crossley, Nicolas, additional, Delarue, Marion, additional, Delorme, Richard, additional, Desrivieres, Sylvane, additional, Devenyi, Gabriel, additional, Di Biase, Maria A., additional, Dolan, Ray, additional, Donald, Kirsten A., additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Dorfschmidt, Lena, additional, Dunlop, Katharine, additional, Edwards, Anthony D., additional, Elison, Jed T., additional, Ellis, Cameron T., additional, Elman, Jeremy A., additional, Eyler, Lisa, additional, Fair, Damien A., additional, Fletcher, Paul C., additional, Fonagy, Peter, additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Galan-Garcia, Lidice, additional, Gholipour, Ali, additional, Giedd, Jay, additional, Gilmore, John H., additional, Glahn, David C., additional, Goodyer, Ian M., additional, Grant, P.E., additional, Groenewold, Nynke A., additional, Gudapati, Shreya, additional, Gunning, Faith M., additional, Gur, Raquel E., additional, Gur, Ruben C., additional, Hammill, Christopher F., additional, Hansson, Oskar, additional, Hedden, Trey, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Henson, Richard N., additional, Heuer, Katja, additional, Hoare, Jacqueline, additional, Holla, Bharath, additional, Holmes, Avram J., additional, Huang, Hao, additional, Ipser, Jonathan, additional, Jack, Clifford R., additional, Jackowski, Andrea P., additional, Jia, Tianye, additional, Jones, David T., additional, Jones, Peter B., additional, Kahn, Rene S., additional, Karlsson, Hasse, additional, Karlsson, Linnea, additional, Kawashima, Ryuta, additional, Kelley, Elizabeth A., additional, Kern, Silke, additional, Kim, Ki-Woong, additional, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lalonde, François, additional, Landeau, Brigitte, additional, Lerch, Jason, additional, Lewis, John D., additional, Li, Jiao, additional, Liao, Wei, additional, Liston, Conor, additional, Lombardo, Michael V., additional, Lv, Jinglei, additional, Mallard, Travis T., additional, Marcelis, Machteld, additional, Mathias, Samuel R., additional, Mazoyer, Bernard, additional, McGuire, Philip, additional, Meaney, Michael J., additional, Mechelli, Andrea, additional, Misic, Bratislav, additional, Morgan, Sarah E., additional, Mothersill, David, additional, Ortinau, Cynthia, additional, Ossenkoppele, Rik, additional, Ouyang, Minhui, additional, Palaniyappan, Lena, additional, Paly, Leo, additional, Pan, Pedro M., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Park, Min Tae M., additional, Paus, Tomas, additional, Pausova, Zdenka, additional, Paz-Linares, Deirel, additional, Pichet Binette, Alexa, additional, Pierce, Karen, additional, Qian, Xing, additional, Qiu, Anqi, additional, Raznahan, Armin, additional, Rittman, Timothy, additional, Rodrigue, Amanda, additional, Rollins, Caitlin K., additional, Romero-Garcia, Rafael, additional, Ronan, Lisa, additional, Rosenberg, Monica D., additional, Rowitch, David H., additional, Salum, Giovanni A., additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., additional, Schaare, H. Lina, additional, Schabdach, Jenna, additional, Schachar, Russell J., additional, Schöll, Michael, additional, Schultz, Aaron P., additional, Sharp, David, additional, Shinohara, Russell T., additional, Skoog, Ingmar, additional, Smyser, Christopher D., additional, Sperling, Reisa A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Stolicyn, Aleks, additional, Suckling, John, additional, Sullivan, Gemma, additional, Thyreau, Benjamin, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Traut, Nicolas, additional, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., additional, Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., additional, Tuulari, Jetro J., additional, Tzourio, Christophe, additional, Vachon-Presseau, Étienne, additional, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J., additional, Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A., additional, Valk, Sofie L., additional, van Amelsvoort, Therese, additional, Vandekar, Simon N., additional, Vasung, Lana, additional, Vértes, Petra E., additional, Victoria, Lindsay W., additional, Villeneuve, Sylvia, additional, Villringer, Arno, additional, Vogel, Jacob W., additional, Wagstyl, Konrad, additional, Wang, Yin-Shan S., additional, Warfield, Simon K., additional, Warrier, Varun, additional, Westman, Eric, additional, Westwater, Margaret L., additional, Whalley, Heather C., additional, White, Simon R., additional, Witte, A. Veronica, additional, Yang, Ning, additional, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, additional, Yun, Hyuk Jin, additional, Zalesky, Andrew, additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Zettergren, Anna, additional, Zhou, Juan H., additional, Ziauddeen, Hisham, additional, Zimmerman, Dabriel, additional, Zugman, Andre, additional, Zuo, Xi-Nian N., additional, Frey, Benicio N., additional, Harkness, Kate L., additional, Addington, Jean, additional, and Kennedy, Sidney H., additional

Published
2024
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46. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Psychiatric Traits and Diagnoses within a Community-based Sample of Children and Youth: Disparités raciales/ethniques dans les traits et diagnostics psychiatriques au sein d’un échantillon communautaire d’enfants et de jeunes

Author

Dissanayake, Andrew, primary, Dupuis, Annie, additional, Burton, Christie L., additional, Soreni, Noam, additional, Peters, Paul, additional, Gajaria, Amy, additional, Arnold, Paul D., additional, Schachar, Russell, additional, and Crosbie, Jennifer, additional

Published
2024
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49. Personality Change Due to Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: Neurocognitive Correlates

Author

Max, Jeffrey E, Wilde, Elisabeth A, Bigler, Erin D, Hanten, Gerri, Dennis, Maureen, Schachar, Russell J, Saunders, Ann E, Ewing-Cobbs, Linda, Chapman, Sandra B, Thompson, Wesley K, Yang, Tony T, and Levin, Harvey S

Subjects
Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Behavioral and Social Science, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Adolescent, Attention, Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Executive Function, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neurologic Examination, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality, Personality Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Socioeconomic Factors, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

Personality change due to traumatic brain injury (PC) in children is an important psychiatric complication of injury and is a form of severe affective dysregulation. This study aimed to examine neurocognitive correlates of PC. The sample included 177 children 5-14 years old with traumatic brain injury who were enrolled from consecutive admissions to five trauma centers. Patients were followed up prospectively at baseline and at 6 months, and they were assessed with semistructured psychiatric interviews. Injury severity, socioeconomic status, and neurocognitive function (measures of attention, processing speed, verbal memory, IQ, verbal working memory, executive function, naming/reading, expressive language, motor speed, and motor inhibition) were assessed with standardized instruments. Unremitted PC was present in 26 (18%) of 141 participants assessed at 6 months postinjury. Attention, processing speed, verbal memory, IQ, and executive function were significantly associated with PC even after socioeconomic status, injury severity, and preinjury attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were controlled. These findings are a first step in characterizing concomitant cognitive impairments associated with PC. The results have implications beyond brain injury to potentially elucidate the neurocognitive symptom complex associated with mood instability regardless of etiology.

Published
2015

50. Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents 24 Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Author

Max, Jeffrey E, Friedman, Keren, Wilde, Elisabeth A, Bigler, Erin D, Hanten, Gerri, Schachar, Russell J, Saunders, Ann E, Dennis, Maureen, Ewing-Cobbs, Linda, Chapman, Sandra B, Yang, Tony T, and Levin, Harvey S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Pediatric, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Adolescent, Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Disorders, Neurologic Examination, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences
Abstract

This study aimed to better understand the occurrence of novel psychiatric disorders (NPDs) in children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in relation to preinjury variables, injury-related variables, and concurrent neurocognitive outcome. Eighty-seven children aged 5-14 years who had experienced mTBI were studied from consecutive hospital admissions with semistructured psychiatric interviews soon after injury (baseline). Fifty-four children were reassessed 24 months postinjury. Standardized instruments were used to evaluate injury severity, lesion characteristics, preinjury variables (lifetime psychiatric disorder, family psychiatric history, family function, socioeconomic status, psychosocial adversity, adaptive function, and academic function), and finally, postinjury neurocognitive and adaptive function. At 24 months postinjury, NPDs had occurred in 17 of 54 (31%) participants. NPD at 24 months was related to frontal white matter lesions and was associated with estimated preinjury reading, preinjury adaptive function, and concurrent deficits in reading, processing speed, and adaptive function. These findings extend earlier reports that the psychiatric morbidity after mTBI in children is more common than previously thought, and moreover, it is linked to preinjury individual variables and injury characteristics and is associated with postinjury adaptive and neurocognitive functioning.

Published
2015

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