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3. The Gross Anatomy Course: SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic-Related Effects on Students' Learning, Interest in Peer-Teaching, and Students' Perception of Its Importance

Author

Messerer, David Alexander Christian, Behr, Jonathan Lukas, Kraft, Sophie Felice, Schön, Michael, Horneffer, Astrid, Kühl, Susanne Julia, Benedikt Seifert, Lukas, Huber-Lang, Markus, Böckers, Tobias Maria, and Böckers, Anja

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic required adjustments and limitations in university teaching, thereby challenging teaching concepts in anatomy requiring in-person contact, including the gross anatomy course. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of COVID-19-associated adjustments on students' perception of the gross anatomy course's importance and quality, students' preferred learning setting and outcome, and their motivation to involve themselves in academic activities, including becoming a future peer-teacher of the course. Using paper-based questionnaires in Ulm, Germany, 397 (response rate: 82.3%) students of the winter term of 2020/2021 were surveyed using quantitative and qualitative items, which were compared with cohorts prior to the pandemic. Students reported a higher global rating on course quality during COVID-19 (pre-COVID-19: 5.3 ± 0.9, during-COVID-19: 5.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.001; 1 = very bad, 6 = very good). Students' perceived importance of the gross anatomy course showed a small but significant increase (pre-COVID-19: 4.2 ± 0.6, during-COVID-19: 4.3 ± 0.6, p < 0.001; 1 = strongly disagree, 6 = strongly agree). Students' motivation to apply as a peer-teacher remained stable, nevertheless, they reported less interest in transferring their knowledge to junior students. Finally, students reported that they spent significantly more learning time alone and their examination grades remained unchanged during the pandemic. Astonishingly, despite radical changes of the teaching environment due to COVID-19, students appreciate the offered teaching and highly valued the gross anatomy course.

Published
2023
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9. Histologische Diagnostik

Author

Möckel, Sigrid M. C., Lippert, Undine, Schön, Michael P., Skudlik, Christoph, editor, Schön, Michael Peter, editor, and John, Swen Malte, editor

Published
2023
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10. Integration of Scientific Competence into Gross Anatomy Teaching Using Poster Presentations: Feasibility and Perception among Medical Students

Author

Schön, Michael, Steinestel, Konrad, Spiegelburg, Doreen, Risch, Annika, Seidel, Mira, Schurr, Leon, Fassnacht, Ulrich Kai, Golenhofen, Nikola, Böckers, Tobias Maria, and Böckers, Anja

Abstract

Scientific competencies, as defined in the German competency framework, describe the ability to think independently and act scientifically which is a central component of medical education. This report describes integration of scientific competencies into anatomical teaching. Based on findings seen in two consecutive years of dissection courses, students worked on either a case report (n = 70) or an original research study (n = 6) in the format of a scientific poster while learning to use primary literature. Posters were evaluated by juror teams using standardized evaluation criteria. Student perception of the project was assessed by quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the faculty's course evaluation and an online-survey. Overall, students worked collaboratively and invested extra-time (median 3.0 hours) in poster creation. Primary literature was integrated in 90.8% of the posters. Overall poster quality was satisfactory (46.3 ± 8.5 [mean ± standard deviation] out of 72 points), but several insufficiencies were identified. Students integrated information gained from the donor's death certificate, post-mortem full-body computed tomography (CT) scan (22.4%), and histopathological workup (31.6%) in their case reports. Students responded positively about learning new scientific skills (median 4.0 on a six-point Likert scale), but free-text answers revealed that some students experienced the project as an extra burden in a demanding gross anatomy course. In summary, it was feasible to introduce students to scientific skills during the dissection course and to increase interest in science in approximately a third of the survey respondents. Further adjustments to ensure the posters' scientific quality might be necessary for the future.

Published
2022
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11. Response of eosinophilic fasciitis associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia to rituximab

Author

Kromer, Christian, Matzke, Silke S, Bleckmann, Annalen, Overbeck, Tobias, Lippert, Undine, Schön, Michael P, and Mössner, Rotraut

Subjects
biologic, localized scleroderma, rituximab, Shulman's syndrome
Abstract

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) and generalized morphea (GM) are rare and difficult-to-treat sclerosing skin diseases which may occur in association with hematologic disorders. We present a 66-year-old man with EF and associated Waldenström macroglobulinemia who received combination therapy with rituximab (375mg/m2 every other week, gradually extended to every eight weeks), prednisolone (1.25-30mg/d), and methotrexate (7.5-15mg/w). Three months after rituximab initiation, his skin condition improved steadily accompanied by a significant improvement in joint mobility with only mild and transitory flares (observation period: 59 months under treatment with rituximab). To date, there are five case reports on rituximab treatment of EF/GM with an association to hypergammaglobulinemia in three of those cases. Therapy effected significant improvement in four patients. Our case adds to the hitherto limited evidence that rituximab may be a promising therapeutic strategy for EF/GM in association with hypergammaglobulinemia.

Published
2021

15. Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Regulates Neuro-Epidermal Communication in Atopic Dermatitis

Author

Buhl, Timo, Ikoma, Akihiko, Kempkes, Cordula, Cevikbas, Ferda, Sulk, Mathias, Buddenkotte, Joerg, Akiyama, Tasuku, Crumrine, Debbie, Camerer, Eric, Carstens, Earl, Schön, Michael P, Elias, Peter, Coughlin, Shaun R, and Steinhoff, Martin

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Eczema / Atopic Dermatitis, Neurosciences, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Skin, Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Calcium Signaling, Dermatitis, Atopic, Disease Models, Animal, Endothelin-1, Epidermis, Ganglia, Spinal, Keratinocytes, Nerve Growth Factor, Pruritus, Pyroglyphidae, Receptor, PAR-2, atopic dermatitis, protease-activated receptor-2, PAR2, endothelin, house dust mite, dorsal root ganglion, neuro-immunology, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Genetics
Abstract

Background: Activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) has been implicated in inflammation, pruritus, and skin barrier regulation, all characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD), as well as Netherton syndrome which has similar characteristics. However, understanding the precise role of PAR2 on neuro-immune communication in AD has been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models. Methods: We used a recently established mouse model with epidermal overexpression of PAR2 (PAR2OE) and littermate WT mice to study the impact of increased PAR2 expression in epidermal cells on spontaneous and house dust mite (HDM)-induced skin inflammation, itch, and barrier dysfunction in AD, in vivo and ex vivo. Results: PAR2OE newborns displayed no overt abnormalities, but spontaneously developed dry skin, severe pruritus, and eczema. Dermatological, neurophysiological, and immunological analyses revealed the hallmarks of AD-like skin disease. Skin barrier defects were observed before onset of skin lesions. Application of HDM onto PAR2OE mice triggered pruritus and the skin phenotype. PAR2OE mice displayed an increased density of nerve fibers, increased nerve growth factor and endothelin-1 expression levels, alloknesis, enhanced scratching (hyperknesis), and responses of dorsal root ganglion cells to non-histaminergic pruritogens. Conclusion: PAR2 in keratinocytes, activated by exogenous and endogenous proteases, is sufficient to drive barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and pruritus and sensitize skin to the effects of HDM in a mouse model that mimics human AD. PAR2 signaling in keratinocytes appears to be sufficient to drive several levels of neuro-epidermal communication, another feature of human AD.

Published
2020

16. Mycobacterial Infections of the Skin

Author

Buhl, Timo, Schön, Michael P., Ruzicka, Thomas, Section editor, Plewig, Gerd, editor, French, Lars, editor, Ruzicka, Thomas, editor, Kaufmann, Roland, editor, and Hertl, Michael, editor

Published
2022
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28. Filaggrin Expression and Processing Deficiencies Impair Corneocyte Surface Texture and Stiffness in Mice

Author

Thyssen, Jacob P., Jakasa, Ivone, Riethmüller, Christoph, Schön, Michael P., Braun, Andrea, Haftek, Marek, Fallon, Padraic G., Wróblewski, Jacek, Jakubowski, Hieronim, Eckhart, Leopold, Declercq, Wim, Koppes, Sjors, Engebretsen, Kristiane A., Bonefeld, Charlotte, Irvine, Alan D., Keita-Alassane, Sokhna, Simon, Michel, Kawasaki, Hiroshi, Kubo, Akiharu, Amagai, Masayuki, Matsui, Takeshi, and Kezic, Sanja

Published
2020
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32. Humoral and cellular immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without SARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infection: Results from the CoV‐ADAPT cohort

Author

Hollstein, Moritz M., primary, Dierks, Sascha, additional, Schön, Michael P., additional, Bergmann, Armin, additional, Abratis, Anna, additional, Eidizadeh, Abass, additional, Kaltenbach, Sarah, additional, Schanz, Julie, additional, Groß, Uwe, additional, Leha, Andreas, additional, Kröger, Andrea, additional, Andag, Reiner, additional, Zautner, Andreas E., additional, Fischer, Andreas, additional, Erpenbeck, Luise, additional, and Schnelle, Moritz, additional

Published
2023
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34. IFITM proteins promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and are targets for virus inhibition in vitro

Author

Prelli Bozzo, Caterina, Nchioua, Rayhane, Volcic, Meta, Koepke, Lennart, Krüger, Jana, Schütz, Desiree, Heller, Sandra, Stürzel, Christina M., Kmiec, Dorota, Conzelmann, Carina, Müller, Janis, Zech, Fabian, Braun, Elisabeth, Groß, Rüdiger, Wettstein, Lukas, Weil, Tatjana, Weiß, Johanna, Diofano, Federica, Rodríguez Alfonso, Armando A., Wiese, Sebastian, Sauter, Daniel, Münch, Jan, Goffinet, Christine, Catanese, Alberto, Schön, Michael, Boeckers, Tobias M., Stenger, Steffen, Sato, Kei, Just, Steffen, Kleger, Alexander, Sparrer, Konstantin M. J., and Kirchhoff, Frank

Published
2021
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37. ALPPS for Locally Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Did Aggressive Surgery Lead to the Oncological Benefit? An International Multi-center Study

Author

Li, Jun, Moustafa, Mohamed, Linecker, Michael, Lurje, Georg, Capobianco, Ivan, Baumgart, Janine, Ratti, Francesca, Rauchfuss, Falk, Balci, Deniz, Fernandes, Eduardo, Montalti, Roberto, Robles-Campos, Ricardo, Bjornsson, Bergthor, Topp, Stefan A., Fronek, Jiri, Liu, Chao, Wahba, Roger, Bruns, Christiane, Brunner, Stefan M., Schlitt, Hans J., Heumann, Asmus, Stüben, Björn-Ole, Izbicki, Jakob R., Bednarsch, Jan, Gringeri, Enrico, Fasolo, Elisa, Rolinger, Jens, Kristek, Jakub, Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto, Schnitzbauer, Andreas, Nuessler, Natascha, Schön, Michael R., Voskanyan, Sergey, Petrou, Athanasios S., Hahn, Oszkar, Soejima, Yuji, Vicente, Emilio, Castro-Benitez, Carlos, Adam, René, Tomassini, Federico, Troisi, Roberto Ivan, Kantas, Alexandros, Oldhafer, Karl Juergen, Ardiles, Victoria, de Santibanes, Eduardo, Malago, Massimo, Clavien, Pierre-Alain, Vivarelli, Marco, Settmacher, Utz, Aldrighetti, Luca, Neumann, Ulf, Petrowsky, Henrik, Cillo, Umberto, Lang, Hauke, and Nadalin, Silvio

Published
2020
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38. Mykobakterieninfektionen der Haut

Author

Buhl, Timo, Schön, Michael P., Ruzicka, Thomas, Section editor, Plewig, Gerd, editor, Ruzicka, Thomas, editor, Kaufmann, Roland, editor, and Hertl, Michael, editor

Published
2018
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40. Melanocyte Density in the Diagnosis of Melanoma In Situ in Sun-Damaged Skin

Author

Löper, Rieke, Schön, Michael P., and Mitteldorf, Christina

Abstract

Histologic differentiation between melanoma in situ in chronically sun-damaged skin (CSDS) [lentigo maligna (LM)] and CSDS without malignancy is difficult because signs of melanocyte activation and proliferation are found in both. A potentially reliable and quantifiable criterion is melanocyte density (MD). Here, we evaluated whether and to what extent MD allows the distinction between LM and CSDS, which is particularly relevant for the evaluation of borderline cases and surgical margins.Articles assessing MD in LM and/or CSDS were evaluated in a systematic review. The results were categorized and compared according to staining. Cutoff values were included whenever stated.Twenty articles matched the selection criteria. Six hundred forty-four samples of CSDS and 227 samples of LM were considered. In each individual study, mean MD scores were higher for LM than for CSDS. However, looking at the overall study situation, it becomes clear that the data are very heterogeneous and show overlaps. Therefore, no reliable orientation value can be derived. Only 1 article defined a cutoff value.The data of MD in LM in contrast to CSDS were sparse, and a defined cutoff value was only mentioned in 1 article for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, which cannot yet be generalized. Especially regarding the importance for the definition of surgical resection margins, this unsatisfactory data set highlights the need for further studies. More precise diagnostic criteria could spare some patients extensive and possibly disfiguring surgery.

Published
2024
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