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5. Gut Microbiota, Deranged Immunity, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Author

Scarpellini, Emidio, Scarlata, Giuseppe Guido Maria, Santori, Valeria, Scarcella, Marialaura, Kobyliak, Nazarii, and Abenavoli, Ludovico

Subjects
LIVER cancer, TREATMENT effectiveness, GASTROINTESTINAL diseases, GUT microbiome, HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma
Abstract

Background: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a significant gastrointestinal disease with a mortality rate as high as nearly 80% within five years. The disease's pathophysiology involves deranged immune responses and bile acid metabolism, with the gut microbiota (GM) playing a crucial role. Recent research highlights the potential of GM in influencing HCC treatment outcomes, especially regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, few patients currently benefit from ICIs due to a lack of effective response biomarkers. Aims and methods: This review aimed to explore the literature on HCC treatment issues, focusing on immune response, bile acid metabolism, and GM dysbiosis. This review included studies from PubMed, Medline, and major gastroenterology and hepatology meetings, using keywords like gut microbiota, immune system, liver cancer, and checkpoint inhibitors. Results: GM dysbiosis significantly impacts immune response and bile acid metabolism, making it a promising biomarker for ICI response. Modulating GM can enhance ICI treatment efficacy, although more research is needed to confirm its direct therapeutic benefits for HCC. Conclusions: GM dysbiosis is integral to liver cancer pathogenesis and treatment response. Its modulation offers promising therapeutic avenues for improving HCC prognosis and response to immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Antimicrobial Resistance

Author

Boccabella, Lucia, primary, Palma, Elena Gialluca, additional, Abenavoli, Ludovico, additional, Scarlata, Giuseppe Guido Maria, additional, Boni, Mariavirginia, additional, Ianiro, Gianluca, additional, Santori, Pierangelo, additional, Tack, Jan F., additional, and Scarpellini, Emidio, additional

Published
2024
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9. Nutrition and Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction

Author

Scarpellini, Emidio, primary, Balsiger, Lukas Michaja, additional, Broeders, Bert, additional, Houte, Karen Van Den, additional, Routhiaux, Karen, additional, Raymenants, Karlien, additional, Carbone, Florencia, additional, and Tack, Jan, additional

Published
2024
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15. Liver Damage and Impaired Coagulation in COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series

Author

Abenavoli, Ludovico, primary, Aquila, Isabella, additional, Sacco, Matteo Antonio, additional, Scarlata, Giuseppe Guido Maria, additional, Procopio, Anna Caterina, additional, Boccuto, Luigi, additional, Scarpellini, Emidio, additional, Greco, Marta, additional, Foti, Daniela Patrizia, additional, Ricci, Pietrantonio, additional, and Luzza, Francesco, additional

Published
2023
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16. Impact of Immuno-Nutrition on the Nutritional Status, Inflammatory Response and Clinical Outcome of Clinic-Admitted Mild-Intensity-COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot, Perspective-Concluding Study

Author

Basilico, Martina, primary, Scarcella, Marialaura, additional, Rinninella, Emanuele, additional, Giostra, Nena, additional, Marcelli, Stefano, additional, Rasetti, Carlo, additional, Tack, Jan, additional, Abenavoli, Ludovico, additional, and Scarpellini, Emidio, additional

Published
2023
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25. Effect of Immuno-Nutrition on Malnutrition, Inflammatory Response and Clinical Course of Semi-Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Perspective Study

Author

Scarcella, Marialaura, primary, Scarpellini, Emidio, additional, Piergallini, Sara, additional, Rinninella, Emanuele, additional, Routhiaux, Karen, additional, Rasetti, Carlo, additional, Abenavoli, Ludovico, additional, De Robertis, Edoardo, additional, Manzi, Pietro, additional, Commissari, Rita, additional, Monti, Riccardo, additional, and Zanetti, Michela, additional

Published
2023
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26. The Use of Peppermint Oil in Gastroenterology

Author

Scarpellini, Emidio, primary, Broeders, Bert, additional, Schol, Jolien, additional, Santori, Pierangelo, additional, Addarii, Mariachiara, additional, Boccuto, Luigi, additional, Carbone, Florencia, additional, Abenavoli, Ludovico, additional, and Tack, Jan, additional

Published
2023
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27. Association between intestinal microflora and obesity

Author

SAVYTSKA, Maryana, primary, KOZYK, Marko, additional, STRUBCHEVSKA, Kateryna, additional, YOSYPENKO, Kateryna, additional, FALALYEYEVA, Tetyana, additional, KOBYLIAK, Nazarii, additional, BOCCUTO, Luigi, additional, PELLICANO, Rinaldo, additional, FAGOONEE, Sharmila, additional, SCARPELLINI, Emidio, additional, and ABENAVOLI, Ludovico, additional

Published
2023
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29. Ultrasound Prevalence and Clinical Features of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Real-Life Cross-Sectional Study.

Author

Abenavoli, Ludovico, Spagnuolo, Rocco, Scarlata, Giuseppe Guido Maria, Scarpellini, Emidio, Boccuto, Luigi, and Luzza, Francesco

Subjects
FATTY liver, INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases, NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CROHN'S disease, LIVER histology, DISEASE duration, ULCERATIVE colitis
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. We can identify two major forms: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). One of the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). IBD and NAFLD share common pathogenetic mechanisms. Ultrasound (US) examination is the most commonly used imaging method for the diagnosis of NAFLD. This cross-sectional observational retrospective study aimed to evaluate the US prevalence of NAFLD in IBD patients and their clinical features. Materials and Methods: A total of 143 patients with IBD underwent hepatic US and were divided into two different groups according to the presence or absence of NAFLD. Subsequently, new exclusion criteria for dysmetabolic comorbidities (defined as plus) were applied. Results: The US prevalence of NAFLD was 23% (21% in CD and 24% in UC, respectively). Most IBD–NAFLD patients were male and older and showed significantly higher values for body mass index, waist circumference, disease duration, and age at onset than those without NAFLD. IBD–NAFLD patients showed a significantly higher percentage of stenosing phenotype and left-side colitis. Regarding metabolic features, IBD–NAFLD patients showed a significantly higher percentage of hypertension and IBD plus dysmetabolic criteria. Also, higher values of alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins are reported in these patients. Conclusions: We suggest performing liver US screening in subjects affected by IBD to detect NAFLD earlier. Also, patients with NAFLD present several metabolic comorbidities that would fall within the new definition of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Finally, we encourage larger longitudinal studies, including healthy controls, to provide further confirmation of our preliminary data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure

Author

Abenavoli, Ludovico, primary, Maurizi, Valentina, additional, Boccuto, Luigi, additional, Di Berardino, Arianna, additional, Giostra, Nena, additional, Santori, Pierangelo, additional, Scarcella, Maria Laura, additional, Procopio, Anna Caterina, additional, Rasetti, Carlo, additional, and Scarpellini, Emidio, additional

Published
2022
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34. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in NAFLD Treatment

Author

Abenavoli, Ludovico, primary, Maurizi, Valentina, additional, Rinninella, Emanuele, additional, Tack, Jan, additional, Di Berardino, Arianna, additional, Santori, Pierangelo, additional, Rasetti, Carlo, additional, Procopio, Anna Caterina, additional, Boccuto, Luigi, additional, and Scarpellini, Emidio, additional

Published
2022
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35. The Role of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) in Treating Portal Hypertension in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Author

Balducci, Daniele, Montori, Michele, De Blasio, Federico, Di Bucchianico, Alessandro, Argenziano, Maria Eva, Baroni, Gianluca Svegliati, and Scarpellini, Emidio

Subjects
PORTAL hypertension, PATIENT portals, HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma, HYPERTENSION, PORTAL vein diseases, FATTY liver
Abstract

Liver cancer is very frequent, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of liver cancer cases. Its growing incidence has been greatly affected by the increasing prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The latter is a new epidemic in our era. In fact, HCC is often generated from noncirrhotic liver and its treatment benefits from surgical and nonsurgical approaches, potentially bridged by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) use. TIPS use is an effective treatment for portal hypertension complications, but its application in patients with HCC and clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) remains controversial due to concerns about tumor rupture, dissemination, and increased toxicity. The technical feasibility and safety of TIPS use in HCC patients have been evaluated in several studies. Despite concerns about intraprocedural complications, retrospective studies have shown high success rates and low complication rates in TIPS placement for HCC patients. TIPS use in combination with locoregional treatments, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial radioembolization (TARE), has been explored as a treatment option for HCC patients with portal hypertension. These studies have shown improved survival rates in patients undergoing TIPS in combination with locoregional treatments. However, the efficacy and toxicity of TACE in combination with TIPS use require careful evaluation, as changes in venous and arterial flow can affect treatment outcomes and complications. The results from studies evaluating the impact of TIPS on systemic therapy and surgical options are also promising. In conclusion, the TIPS is a sufficiently safe, useful item available for physicians treating complications of portal hypertension. Moreover, a TIPS can be used in combination with locoregional therapy in HCC patients. Systemic chemotherapy can also benefit of the use of TIPS placement. A complex interplay affects TIPS use with surgery. The latter needs further data. The TIPS is a useful and safe add-on treatment, changing the natural course of HCC progression. Its use is regulated by a sophisticated physiologic and pathophysiologic flow of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID-19 suggestion

Author

Scarpellini, Emidio, Balsiger, Lukas M, Maurizi, Valentina, Rinninella, Emanuele, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Giostra, Nena, Santori, Pierangelo, Abenavoli, Ludovico, Rasetti, Carlo, Rinninella, Emanuele (ORCID:0000-0002-9165-2367), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Scarpellini, Emidio, Balsiger, Lukas M, Maurizi, Valentina, Rinninella, Emanuele, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Giostra, Nena, Santori, Pierangelo, Abenavoli, Ludovico, Rasetti, Carlo, Rinninella, Emanuele (ORCID:0000-0002-9165-2367), and Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823)

Abstract

Microelements represent an emerging resource for medicine and its preventive branch. Zinc is the second most abundant element in our organism with peculiar physiologic functions and pathophysiologic implications in systemic and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It interacts very often with gut microbiota (GM) and can affect natural course of GI diseases through a bidirectional relationship with intestinal bugs. We aimed to review literature data regarding zinc chemistry, role in health, and GI diseases in man with a special focus on its interaction with GM. We conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: zinc, microelements, gut microbiota, gut health, and COVID-19. Zinc has a rapid and simple metabolism and limited storage within our body. Its efficacy on immune system modulation reflects on improved response to pathogens, reduced inflammatory response, and improved atopic/allergic reactions. Zinc is also involved in cell cycle regulation (namely, apoptosis) with potential anti-cancerogenic effects. All these effects are in a "symbiotic" relationship with GM. Finally, zinc shows preliminary viral antireplicative effects. Zinc seems to gain more and more evidences on its efficacy in allergic, atopic and infectious diseases treatment, and prevention. COVID-19 can be the booster for research on future applications of zinc as perfect "postbiotic" in medicine.

Published
2022

41. Food Emulsifiers and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of the Gut Microbiota

Author

De Siena, Martina, Raoul, Pauline Celine, Costantini, Lara, Scarpellini, Emidio, Cintoni, Marco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Rinninella, Emanuele, Mele, Maria Cristina, Raoul, Pauline, Cintoni, Marco (ORCID:0000-0002-9610-0748), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Rinninella, Emanuele (ORCID:0000-0002-9165-2367), Mele, Maria Cristina (ORCID:0000-0003-0153-5819), De Siena, Martina, Raoul, Pauline Celine, Costantini, Lara, Scarpellini, Emidio, Cintoni, Marco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Rinninella, Emanuele, Mele, Maria Cristina, Raoul, Pauline, Cintoni, Marco (ORCID:0000-0002-9610-0748), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Rinninella, Emanuele (ORCID:0000-0002-9165-2367), and Mele, Maria Cristina (ORCID:0000-0003-0153-5819)

Abstract

The use of emulsifiers in processed foods and the rapid epidemic development of metabolic syndrome in Western countries over the past 20 years have generated growing interest. Evidence for the role of emulsifiers in metabolic syndrome through gut microbiota has not been clearly established, thus making it challenging for clinical nutritionists and dietitians to make evidence-based associations between the nature and the quantity of emulsifiers and metabolic disorders. This narrative review summarizes the highest quality clinical evidence currently available about the impact of food emulsifiers on gut microbiota composition and functions and the potential development of metabolic syndrome. The state-of-the-art of the different common emulsifiers is performed, highlighting where they are present in daily foods and their roles. Recent findings of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies assessing the effect of different emulsifiers on gut microbiota have been recently published. There is some progress in understanding how some food emulsifiers could contribute to developing metabolic diseases through gut microbiota alterations while others could have prebiotic effects. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding daily consumption amounts and the synergic effects between emulsifiers' intake and responses by the microbial signatures of each individual.

Published
2022

42. Tu1365: CASE-BASED EVALUATION SHOWS HIGHLY VARIED APPROACH TO IBS-D TREATMENT BY EUROPEAN EXPERTS

Author

Balsiger, Lukas M., primary, Akyüz, Filiz, additional, Barberio, Brigida, additional, Bor, Serhat, additional, Chiarioni, Giuseppe, additional, Corsetti, Maura, additional, Cremon, Cesare, additional, Sabatino, Antonio Di, additional, Drug, Vasile, additional, Dumitrascu, Dan Lucian, additional, Hauser, Goran, additional, Pohl, Daniel, additional, Raymenants, Karlien, additional, Scarpellini, Emidio, additional, Schol, Jolien, additional, Serra, Jordi, additional, Simren, Magnus, additional, Toruner, Murat, additional, Vanuytsel, Tim, additional, Walters, Julian R., additional, Zingone, Fabiana, additional, Savarino, Edoardo V., additional, and Tack, Jan F., additional

Published
2022
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43. Sa1192: MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY GERD SYMPTOMS IN EUROPE: EXPERT OPINION IN A CASE-BASED DELPHI APPROACH

Author

Raymenants, Karlien, primary, Scarpellini, Emidio, additional, Balsiger, Lukas M., additional, Bor, Serhat, additional, Bredenoord, Arjan, additional, Cicala, Michele, additional, Conchillo, José M., additional, Dickman, Ram, additional, Drug, Vasile, additional, Fox, Mark, additional, Hatlebakk, Jan Gunnar, additional, Hauser, Goran, additional, Keller, Jutta, additional, Kindt, Sébastien, additional, Mulak, Agata, additional, Roman, Sabine, additional, Savarino, Edoardo V., additional, Schol, Jolien, additional, Serra, Jordi, additional, Sifrim, Daniel, additional, Sweis, Rami, additional, Vanuytsel, Tim, additional, Zerbib, Frank, additional, and Tack, Jan F., additional

Published
2022
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47. Effect of Whey Proteins on Malnutrition and Extubating Time of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Author

Scarcella, Marialaura, primary, Scarpellini, Emidio, additional, Ascani, Alessandra, additional, Commissari, Rita, additional, Scorcella, Claudia, additional, Zanetti, Michela, additional, Parisi, Amilcare, additional, Monti, Riccardo, additional, Milic, Natasa, additional, Donati, Abele, additional, Luzza, Francesco, additional, De Robertis, Edoardo, additional, and Abenavoli, Ludovico, additional

Published
2022
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