22 results on '"Scarlett O. Baird"'
Search Results
2. Physical Activity and Community Engagement (PACE) to facilitate community reintegration among returning veterans: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Scarlett O. Baird, Christopher Metts, Haley E. Conroy, David Rosenfield, and Jasper A.J. Smits
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
There is a surprising lack of disseminable, community-based interventions for veterans experiencing difficulties during the reintegration process from military to civilian life. Physical Activity and Community Engagement (PACE) is a program which combines routine vigorous-intensity exercise with community engagement. The program builds on emergent evidence supporting the benefits of routine vigorous-intensity exercise among and establishing social connection. Using a randomized controlled trial (N = 60), we will obtain feasibility data and initial effect sizes for the early effects of PACE on reintegration difficulties.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Approach bias retraining to augment smoking cessation: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Jasper A.J. Smits, Scarlett O. Baird, Mike Rinck, David Rosenfield, Christopher G. Beevers, Richard A. Brown, Haley E. Conroy, Noura Alavi, Christina D. Dutcher, and Slaton Z. Freeman
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Heavy users and addicted individuals have shown to develop an approach action tendency – or approach bias – toward stimuli related to the substance of interest. Emerging evidence points to approach bias retraining (ABR) as an effective aid for the treatment of addictive behaviors. The current study seeks to extend this work by testing, in a pilot study, whether standard smoking cessation treatment involving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and nicotine replacement therapy can be augmented by ABR. To this end, we will randomly assign 100 adult smokers to either ABR-augmented treatment or placebo-augmented treatment and compare the two conditions on short-term and long-term abstinence rates. The hope is that the findings of this study can inform treatment development for adult smokers.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Age and pre quit-day attrition during smoking cessation treatment
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Scarlett O. Baird, Mark B. Powers, David Rosenfield, Georita M. Frierson, Haley E. Conroy, Jolene Jacquart, Bess H. Marcus, Michael W. Otto, Michael J. Zvolensky, Jasper A. J. Smits, and Michelle L. Davis
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Adult ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Patient Dropouts ,Smokers ,Time Factors ,Younger age ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Models, Psychological ,medicine.disease ,Young Adult ,Clinical Psychology ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Attrition ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The present study aimed to replicate the finding that younger age predicts higher pre quit-day attrition. Our second aim was to explain this relation by examining empirically and theoretically informed age-related risk factors for low smoking cessation treatment engagement. 136 participants (
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- 2020
5. Does exercise aid smoking cessation through reductions in anxiety sensitivity and dysphoria?
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Lindsey B. Hopkins, Timothy S. Church, David Rosenfield, Michael W. Otto, Daniel J. Paulus, Kirsten J. Langdon, Michael J. Zvolensky, Michelle L. Davis, Lorra Garey, Mark B. Powers, Georita M. Frierson, Jasper A. J. Smits, Brooke Y. Kauffman, Bess H. Marcus, and Scarlett O. Baird
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Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Context (language use) ,PsycINFO ,Anxiety ,Dysphoria ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Exercise physiology ,Exercise ,Applied Psychology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Smoking status ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Objective Research shows that high anxiety sensitivity (AS) and dysphoria are related to poor smoking cessation outcomes. Engaging in exercise may contribute to improvement in smoking cessation outcomes through reductions in AS and dysphoria. In the current study, we examined whether exercise can aid smoking cessation through reductions in AS and dysphoria. Method Participants were sedentary and low activity adult daily smokers (N = 136) with elevated AS who participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing smoking cessation treatment (ST) plus an exercise intervention (ST + EX) to ST plus wellness education (ST + CTRL). Self-reported smoking status was assessed in-person weekly from baseline through week 16 (end of-treatment; EOT), at week 22 (4 months postquit day), and at week 30 (6 months postquit day), and verified biochemically. Results Results indicated that both AS and dysphoria at 6-month follow-up were significantly lower in the ST + EX group compared to the ST + CTRL group (controlling for baseline levels). Moreover, reductions in AS and dysphoria emerged as independent mechanisms of action explaining success in quitting. Conclusions These novel findings offer clinically significant evidence suggesting that vigorous-intensity exercise can effectively engage affective constructs in the context of smoking cessation. (PsycINFO Database Record
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- 2018
6. Anxiety sensitivity and your clinical practice
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Hayley E. Fitzgerald, Scarlett O. Baird, Michael W. Otto, Mark B. Powers, and Jasper A. J. Smits
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Clinical Practice ,Maladaptive coping ,Intervention (counseling) ,Anxiety sensitivity ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
There may come a time when patients ask for treatment for anxiety sensitivity by name, given evidence that the concept of anxiety sensitivity is expanding into the more popular literature. In 2016, anxiety sensitivity appeared by name in both the Huffington Post and the Scientific American, with such titles as: “Anxiety sensitivity’ is real. Here's how to know if your’re caught in this spiral,” and “What is anxiety sensitivity, and do I have it?” These titles aptly underscore the importance of anxiety sensitivity to a striking range of psychiatric disorders, medical conditions, and maladaptive coping responses; and reflects the importance of targeting anxiety sensitivity as part of the treatment of anxiety and related disorders or the prevention of/early intervention for disorders with at-risk cohorts.
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- 2019
7. Anxiety sensitivity as a transdiagnostic treatment target
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Michael W. Otto, Mark B. Powers, Jasper A. J. Smits, and Scarlett O. Baird
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body regions ,surgical procedures, operative ,Treatment targets ,Psychotherapist ,Intervention (counseling) ,education ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Construct (philosophy) ,Psychology ,health care economics and organizations ,humanities - Abstract
This chapter provides a brief review of the literature on anxiety sensitivity and describes the construct as a transdiagnostic factor. We summarize a model that highlights the role anxiety sensitivity plays as an amplification factor and thus a target for intervention. The chapter finishes by introducing the chapters in this volume.
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- 2019
8. Contributors
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Nicholas P. Allan, Gordon J.G. Asmundson, Dylan A. Braun, Scarlett O. Baird, Dan Capron, Jill Ehrenreich-May, Hayley E. Fitzgerald, Lorra Garey, R. Kathryn McHugh, Brooke Y. Kauffman, Ashley A. Knapp, Kara Manning, Janine V. Olthuis, Michael W. Otto, Mark B. Powers, Norman B. Schmidt, Jamie A. Sherman, Jasper A.J. Smits, Steven Taylor, Michael J. Telch, and Michael J. Zvolensky
- Published
- 2019
9. Anxiety sensitivity and smoking variability among treatment seeking smokers
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Mark B. Powers, Georita M. Frierson, Jasper A. J. Smits, Brooke Y. Kauffman, David Rosenfield, Michael Otto, Scarlett O. Baird, Timothy S. Church, Bess H. Marcus, Michael J. Zvolensky, and Michelle L. Davis
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medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ethnic group ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Affect (psychology) ,Article ,law.invention ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,business.industry ,Addiction ,Multilevel model ,Regression analysis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Smoking cessation ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Objectives: Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is associated with poor smoking cessation outcomes. One reason may be that smokers with high AS smoke differently (ie, to manage negative affect and uncomfortable bodily sensations) than other smokers, leading to stronger addiction (due to an affect/sensation based and thereby highly variable rather than a regular smoking routine). Thus, we examined the relationship between AS and smoking variability in a group of treatment-seeking smokers. Methods: Participants (N=136; 52.2% female; Mage=44.19 y, SD=11.29) were daily smokers with elevated AS (AS>=20 on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index 16-item at prescreen) recruited as part of a larger randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation. Most participants were white (73%), educated (with 76% attending some college), unmarried (73%), and employed full-time (56%). They smoked, on average, 17 cigarettes per day. Results: Consistent with prediction, a regression analysis of baseline assessments and a longitudinal analysis with multilevel modeling both showed higher AS was associated with greater variability in cigarettes smoked per day while controlling for sex, age, ethnicity, and income. Conclusions: This finding encourages investigation of how AS might interact with clinical strategies using a fixed smoking taper as part of quit attempts. 7 p.
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- 2016
10. Distress Tolerance as a Predictor of Adherence to a Yoga Intervention
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Scarlett O. Baird, Lindsey B. Hopkins, Mark B. Powers, Jasper A. J. Smits, David Rosenfield, and Johnna L. Medina
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Adult ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,law.invention ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Body Image ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Obesity ,Meditation ,media_common ,business.industry ,Yoga ,05 social sciences ,Multilevel model ,Attendance ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Psychology ,Physical therapy ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 161732.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) This study tested whether distress tolerance, body image, and body mass index (BMI) predicted adherence to a yoga intervention. Participants were 27 women who participated in a yoga intervention as part of a randomized controlled trial. Attendance and distress tolerance were assessed weekly, and body image and BMI were measured at baseline. Multilevel modeling revealed a three-way interaction of distress tolerance, BMI, and body image (p < .001). For participants with few body image concerns, distress tolerance was positively associated with adherence regardless of BMI (p = .009). However, for those with poor body image, increases in distress tolerance were associated with increases in adherence among overweight participants (p < .001) but lower adherence among obese participants (p = .007). Distress tolerance may be implicated in adherence to a yoga intervention, although its effects may be dependent on body image concerns, BMI, and their interaction. Research and clinical implications are discussed. 19 p.
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- 2015
11. Enhancing panic and smoking reduction treatment with D-Cycloserine: A pilot randomized clinical trial
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David Rosenfield, Eunjung Lee-Furman, Michael J. Zvolensky, Santiago Papini, Christina D. Dutcher, Megan E. Piper, Benjamin Rosenfield, Jasper A. J. Smits, Brooke Y. Kauffman, Michael Otto, Scarlett O. Baird, and Noura Alavi
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Interoceptive exposure ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pilot Projects ,Toxicology ,Placebo ,Article ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Smoking Reduction ,Pharmacology ,Smokers ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Panic ,Middle Aged ,Nicotine replacement therapy ,Anxiety Disorders ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Cycloserine ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Panic Disorder ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In this placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, we examined the efficacy of 250 mg d-cycloserine (DCS) for enhancing the effects of cognitive behavior therapy targeting anxiety sensitivity reduction in the context of smoking cessation treatment among adults with a history of panic attacks. We hypothesized that DCS would enhance treatment of our mechanistic targets-anxiety sensitivity and panic and related symptoms-and result in greater smoking abstinence. A total of 53 smokers were randomized to a 7-week integrated treatment and received study medication (DCS or placebo) prior to sessions 3-5; these sessions emphasized interoceptive exposure practice. Nicotine replacement therapy was initiated at session 5 (quit date). We found that DCS augmentation led to greater reductions of one (anxiety sensitivity) of two of our mechanistic targets at early but not late assessments, and that engaging that target predicted better smoking outcomes. However, there was no evidence of group (DCS vs. placebo) differences in smoking cessation success at treatment endpoint or follow-up evaluations. Hence, although we found that DCS can enhance treatment targeting a smoking maintaining factor, additional strategies appear to be needed to significantly affect smoking outcomes.
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- 2020
12. A meta-analytic review of cognitive processing therapy for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder
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Mark B. Powers, Aliza T. Stein, Jacob W. Roden-Foreman, Audur S. Thorisdottir, Jasper A. J. Smits, Sara M. Witcraft, Scarlett O. Baird, and Gordon J.G. Asmundson
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050103 clinical psychology ,endocrine system ,endocrine system diseases ,Review ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,heterocyclic compounds ,neoplasms ,Cognitive Processing Therapy ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ,digestive system diseases ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical Psychology ,Posttraumatic stress ,Meta-analysis ,Treatment Outcome ,Cognitive processing therapy ,CPT ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two prior meta-analyses of studies are available but used approaches that limit conclusions that can be drawn regarding the impact of CPT on PTSD outcomes. The current meta-analysis reviewed outcomes of trials that tested the efficacy of CPT for PTSD in adults and evaluated potential moderators of outcomes. All published trials comparing CPT against an inactive control condition (i.e. psychological placebo or wait-list) or other active treatment for PTSD in adults were included, resulting in 11 studies with a total of 1130 participants. CPT outperformed inactive control conditions on PTSD outcome measures at posttreatment (mean Hedges’ g = 1.24) and follow-up (mean Hedges’ g = 0.90). The average CPT-treated participant fared better than 89% of those in inactive control conditions at posttreatment and 82% at follow-up. Results also showed that CPT outperformed inactive control conditions on non-PTSD outcome measures at posttreatment and follow-up and that CPT outperformed other active treatments at posttreatment but not at follow-up. Effect sizes of CPT on PTSD symptoms were not significantly moderated by participant age, number of treatment sessions, total sample size, length of follow-up, or group versus individual treatment; but, older studies had larger effect sizes and percent female sex moderated the effect of CPT on non-PTSD outcomes. These meta-analytic findings indicate that CPT is an effective PTSD treatment with lasting benefits across a range of outcomes.
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- 2018
13. Approach bias retraining to augment smoking cessation: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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David Rosenfield, Christopher G. Beevers, Christina D. Dutcher, Mike Rinck, Haley E. Conroy, Jasper A. J. Smits, Scarlett O. Baird, Noura Alavi, Richard A. Brown, and Slaton Z. Freeman
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,Protocol (science) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Addiction ,Retraining ,General Medicine ,Abstinence ,Nicotine replacement therapy ,3. Good health ,Smoking cessation ,Augment ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Heavy users and addicted individuals have shown to develop an approach action tendency – or approach bias – toward stimuli related to the substance of interest. Emerging evidence points to approach bias retraining (ABR) as an effective aid for the treatment of addictive behaviors. The current study seeks to extend this work by testing, in a pilot study, whether standard smoking cessation treatment involving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and nicotine replacement therapy can be augmented by ABR. To this end, we will randomly assign 100 adult smokers to either ABR-augmented treatment or placebo-augmented treatment and compare the two conditions on short-term and long-term abstinence rates. The hope is that the findings of this study can inform treatment development for adult smokers.
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- 2018
14. Learning Principles in CBT
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Scarlett O. Baird, Sara M. Witcraft, Jasper A. J. Smits, and Michelle L. Davis
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050103 clinical psychology ,Psychotherapist ,medicine.medical_treatment ,05 social sciences ,Metacognition ,Cognition ,Context (language use) ,030227 psychiatry ,Cognitive behavioral therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Principles of learning ,Constructivism (philosophy of education) ,medicine ,Learning theory ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Social learning theory - Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely applied to a diverse range of psychopathology. CBT, as it exists today, is a composite of techniques derived from behavioral, cognitive, and social learning theories. Behavioral learning principles underlie exposure therapy, one of the most efficacious interventions to date, as well as a handful of diverse CBT interventions, which apply principles of reinforcement to decrease maladaptive behaviors. Cognitive strategies within CBT utilize principles from theories of constructivism, attribution theory, and metacognition to aid clients in learning how thoughts impact feelings. Finally, social learning theory, which focuses on learning in the context of interpersonal relationships, interactions, and observations, plays a role in CBT, relying heavily upon both therapist instruction and the active role of the participant. This chapter provides an overview of how these learning theories guide CBT strategies, yielding considerations for both clinicians and researchers on how to enhance learning within CBT.
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- 2017
15. Identifying attendance patterns in a smoking cessation treatment and their relationships with quit success
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Lindsey B. Hopkins, Scarlett O. Baird, Michael Otto, Bess H. Marcus, Timothy S. Church, Michael J. Zvolensky, David Rosenfield, Jasper A. J. Smits, Jolene Jacquart, Santiago Papini, Mark B. Powers, Georita M. Frierson, and Michelle L. Davis
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Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Patient Dropouts ,Substance-Related Disorders ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Toxicology ,Article ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Psychiatry ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Smoking ,Smoking cessation intervention ,Attendance ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,030227 psychiatry ,Exercise Therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Substance use ,business - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Background: While important for substance use outcomes, knowledge about treatment attendance patterns, and their relation with clinical outcomes is limited. We examined the association between attendance patterns and smoking outcomes in a randomized, controlled smoking cessation intervention trial. Methods: In addition to standard smoking cessation treatment, participants were randomized to 15 weeks of an exercise intervention (n = 72) or an education control condition (n = 64). Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) tested whether intervention attendance would be better modeled as qualitatively distinct attendance patterns rather than as a single mean pattern. Multivariate generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) was used to evaluate associations between the attendance patterns and abstinence at the end of treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results: The LCGA solution with three patterns characterized by high probability of attendance throughout (Completers, 46.3%), gradual decreasing probability of attendance (Titrators, 23.5%), and high probability of dropout within the first few weeks (Droppers, 30.1%) provided the best fit. The GLMM analysis indicated an interaction of attendance pattern by treatment condition, such that titration was associated with lower probability of quit success for those in the control condition. Probability of quit success was not significantly different between Titrators and Completers in the exercise condition. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of examining how treatment efficacy may vary as a function of attendance patterns. Importantly, treatment discontinuation is not necessarily indicative of poorer abstinence outcome. 5 p.
- Published
- 2017
16. Reducing approach bias to achieve smoking cessation: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial
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David Rosenfield, Eni S. Becker, Jasper A. J. Smits, Mark B. Powers, Michelle L. Davis, Jillian R. Fisher, Mike Rinck, and Scarlett O. Baird
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050103 clinical psychology ,Cognitive bias modification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,05 social sciences ,Placebo-controlled study ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,law.invention ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Approach bias ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Smoking cessation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,Quality of Life Research - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext This study aimed to provide a preliminary test of the efficacy of a brief cognitive bias modification program for reducing approach bias in adult smokers motivated to quit. Participants were 52 smokers who were randomly assigned to four sessions of approach bias modification training (AAT) or sham training. Participants were asked to make a self-guided quit attempt upon completion of the final training session. Approach bias was assessed at baseline and at the end of each session, and days abstinent was assessed 1-week following the quit attempt. Individuals assigned to the AAT training condition evidenced significantly greater reductions in approach bias relative to those in the sham condition (p 0.41); however, higher levels of approach bias at baseline were associated with greater approach bias reduction over time irrespective of condition (p
- Published
- 2017
17. List of Contributors
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Amelia Aldao, Nader Amir, Gerhard Andersson, Natalie Arbid, Scarlett O. Baird, Rosa M. Baños, Eni S. Becker, Hannah Boettcher, Cristina Botella, Richard A. Bryant, Per Carlbring, Fredrick Chin, Tommy Chou, Jonathan S. Comer, Laren R. Conklin, Elizabeth C. Conti, Zafra Cooper, Danielle Cornacchio, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Michelle L. Davis, Keith S. Dobson, Michael R. Dolsen, David J.A. Dozois, Azucena García-Palacios, Caitlin E. Gasperetti, Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, Allison G. Harvey, Kristen M. Haut, Steven C. Hayes, Bridget A. Hearon, Devon Hinton, Christine I. Hooker, Maria Kleinstäuber, Cynthia Kraus-Schuman, Jennie M. Kuckertz, Josie Lee, Marsha M. Linehan, Anita Lungu, Jennifer H. Martinez, Vijay A. Mittal, Susan M. Orsillo, Michael W. Otto, Anushka Patel, Andre J. Plate, Soledad Quero, Leanne Quigley, Winfried Rief, Katerina Rnic, Lizabeth Roemer, Amanda L. Sanchez, Stewart A. Shankman, Jasper A.J. Smits, Leslie Sokol, Melinda A. Stanley, Janna N. Vrijsen, Scott H. Waltman, and Sara M. Witcraft
- Published
- 2017
18. Heated Hatha Yoga to Target Cortisol Reactivity to Stress and Affective Eating in Women at Risk for Obesity-Related Illnesses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Scarlett O. Baird, Mark B. Powers, Johnna L. Medina, Lindsey B. Hopkins, David Rosenfield, and Jasper A. J. Smits
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Adult ,Coping (psychology) ,Hot Temperature ,Hydrocortisone ,Article ,law.invention ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Risk Factors ,Hatha yoga ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Bulimia ,Saliva ,Cortisol level ,Binge eating ,Yoga ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030205 complementary & alternative medicine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Treatment Outcome ,Stress induction ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stress, Psychological ,medicine.drug ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Objective: Cortisol reactivity to stress is associated with affective eating, an important behavioral risk factor for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Yoga practice is related to decreases in stress and cortisol levels, thus emerging as a potential targeted complementary intervention for affective eating. This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of a heated, hatha yoga intervention for reducing cortisol reactivity to stress and affective eating. Method: Females (N = 52; ages 25-46 years; 75% White) at risk for obesity and related illnesses were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of Bikram Yoga practice or to waitlist control. Cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stress induction were measured at Weeks 0 (pretreatment) and 9 (posttreatment). Self-reported binge eating frequency and coping motives for eating were assessed at Weeks 0, 3, 6, and 9. Results: Among participants with elevated cortisol reactivity at pretreatment ("high reactors"), those randomized to the yoga condition evidenced greater pre- to posttreatment reductions in cortisol reactivity (p = .042, d = .85), but there were not significant condition differences for the "low reactors" (p = .178, d = .53). Yoga participants reported greater decreases in binge eating frequency (p = .040, d = .62) and eating to cope with negative affect (p = .038, d = .54). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for the efficacy of heated hatha yoga for treating physiological stress reactivity and affective eating among women at risk for obesity-related illnesses. 7 p.
- Published
- 2016
19. Exercise self-efficacy moderates the relation between anxiety sensitivity and body mass index and exercise tolerance in treatment-seeking smokers
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Timothy S. Church, David Rosenfield, Jasper A. J. Smits, Brooke Y. Kauffman, Mark B. Powers, Scarlett O. Baird, Michael J. Zvolensky, Bess H. Marcus, Michael Otto, Michelle L. Davis, and Samantha G. Farris
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Self-efficacy ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,05 social sciences ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Obesity ,Article ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Exercise self efficacy ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Smoking cessation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychology ,Body mass index ,Applied Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext There is little known about factors that contribute to the comorbidity of cigarette smoking and obesity. The current study sought to test whether exercise self-efficacy moderated the relation between anxiety sensitivity (fear of internal sensations) and BMI and exercise tolerance among cigarette smokers. Smokers (n = 72; 50% female; Mcpd = 19.3, SD = 10.65) were recruited to participate in a smoking cessation treatment trial. During medical screen, we measured weight, height, and exercise tolerance (functional capacity) employing a standardized maximal exercise testing protocol. After adjusting for participant sex and cigarettes per day, exercise self-efficacy moderated the association between anxiety sensitivity and BMI, such that the positive association between anxiety sensitivity and BMI was significantly stronger when exercise self-efficacy was low. The same pattern of results emerged for exercise tolerance. Exercise self-efficacy moderated the association between anxiety sensitivity and exercise tolerance, such that the negative association between anxiety sensitivity and exercise tolerance was significantly stronger when exercise self-efficacy was low. Among smokers, anxiety sensitivity may be a risk variable that, directly and indirectly in the context of low self-efficacy for exercise, causes or maintains higher body weight and lower exercise tolerance. 8 p.
- Published
- 2016
20. Emotion dysregulation explains relations between sleep disturbance and smoking quit-related cognition and behavior
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Michael Otto, David Rosenfield, Candice A. Alfano, Daniel J. Paulus, Mark B. Powers, Bess H. Marcus, Timothy S. Church, Michelle L. Davis, Michael J. Zvolensky, Scarlett O. Baird, Jennifer Fillo, and Jasper A. J. Smits
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Emotions ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Smoking Prevention ,Toxicology ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Odds ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Recurrence ,Intervention (counseling) ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Affective Symptoms ,Risk factor ,Sleep disorder ,Depression ,Smoking ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Educational attainment ,Self Efficacy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 161734.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Poor sleep quality and tobacco use are common and co-occurring problems, although the mechanisms underlying the relations between sleep disturbance and smoking are poorly understood. Sleep disturbance lowers odds of smoking cessation success and increases odds of relapse. One reason may be that sleep loss leads to emotion dysregulation, which in turn, leads to reductions in self-efficacy and quit-related problems. To address this gap, the current study examined the explanatory role of emotion dysregulation in the association between sleep disturbance and smoking in terms of (1) self-efficacy for remaining abstinent in relapse situations, (2) the presence of a prior quit attempt greater than 24 h, and (3) the experience of quit-related problems among 128 adults (Mage = 40.2; SD = 11.0; 52.3% female) seeking treatment for smoking cessation. Results suggested that increased levels of sleep disturbance are related to emotion dysregulation which, in turn, may lead to lower levels of self-efficacy for remaining abstinent, more quit-related problems, and being less likely to have had a quit attempt of 24 h or greater. Further, these indirect effects were present above and beyond variance accounted for by theoretically-relevant covariates (e.g., gender and educational attainment), suggesting that they may maintain practical significance. These findings suggest that this malleable emotional risk factor (emotion dysregulation) could serve as a target for intervention among those with poor sleep and tobacco use. 7 p.
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- 2016
21. The efficacy of vigorous-intensity exercise as an aid to smoking cessation in adults with high anxiety sensitivity: A randomized controlled trial
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Michael J. Zvolensky, Jasper A. J. Smits, Scarlett O. Baird, Mark B. Powers, Georita M. Frierson, Michelle L. Davis, David Rosenfield, Lindsey B. Hopkins, Bess H. Marcus, Michael W. Otto, Richard A. Brown, and Timothy S. Church
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Anxiety ,Article ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,Abstinence ,Nicotine replacement therapy ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ,Exercise Therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Breath Tests ,chemistry ,Anxiety sensitivity ,Physical therapy ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Sedentary Behavior ,medicine.symptom ,Cotinine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Objectives: High anxiety sensitivity predicts poor smoking cessation outcomes. Aerobic exercise reduces anxiety sensitivity and aspects of the risk conferred by anxiety sensitivity. In the current study, we examined whether exercise can aid smoking cessation in adults with high anxiety sensitivity. Methods: Participants were sedentary and low-activity adult daily smokers (n = 136) with elevated prescreen anxiety sensitivity. Participants received 15 weeks of standard smoking cessation treatment (ST; cognitive behavioral therapy plus nicotine replacement therapy). In addition, participants were simultaneously randomized to 15 weeks of either an exercise intervention (ST + EX; n = 72) or a wellness education control condition (ST + CTRL; n = 64). Self-reported smoking abstinence was assessed weekly during the intervention, at the end of treatment (10 weeks after the target quit date), and at 4 and 6 months after the target quit date. Abstinence was verified by expired carbon monoxide readings and saliva cotinine. Results: Results indicated that point prevalence abstinence (PPA) and prolonged abstinence (PA) rates were significantly higher for ST + EX than for ST + CTRL at each of the major end points among persons with high anxiety sensitivity (PPA: b = -0.91, standard error [SE] = 0.393, t(1171) = -2.33, p = .020; PA: b = -0.98, SE = 0.346, t(132) = -2.84, p = .005), but not among those with low anxiety sensitivity (PPA: b = -0.23, SE = 0.218, t(1171) = -1.06, p = .29; PA: b = -0.31, SE = 0.306, t(132) = -1.01, p = .32). Conclusions: The present results suggest that exercise facilitates the odds of quit success for smokers with high levels of anxiety sensitivity and therefore may be a useful therapeutic tactic for this high-risk segment of the smoking population. 11 p.
- Published
- 2016
22. The effects of a Hatha yoga intervention on facets of distress tolerance
- Author
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Mark B. Powers, Jasper A. J. Smits, Lindsey B. Hopkins, Scarlett O. Baird, and Johnna L. Medina
- Subjects
Adult ,Psychotherapist ,Yoga ,Emotional eating ,Absorption (psychology) ,Hyperphagia ,Article ,humanities ,Exercise Therapy ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,Clinical Psychology ,Distress ,Young Adult ,Intervention (counseling) ,Hatha yoga ,Humans ,Female ,Risk factor ,Overeating ,Young adult ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Individuals with low distress tolerance (DT) experience negative emotion as particularly threatening and are highly motivated to reduce or avoid such affective experiences. Consequently, these individuals have difficulty regulating emotions and tend to engage in maladaptive strategies, such as overeating, as a means to reduce or avoid distress. Hatha yoga encourages one to implement present-centered awareness and non-reaction in the face of physical and psychological discomfort and, thus, emerges as a potential strategy for increasing DT. To test whether a hatha yoga intervention can enhance DT, a transdiagnostic risk and maintenance factor, this study randomly assigned females high in emotional eating in response to stress (N = 52) either to an 8-week, twice-weekly hatha (Bikram) yoga intervention or to a waitlist control condition. Self-reported DT and emotional eating were measured at baseline, weekly during treatment, and 1-week post-treatment. Consistent with prediction, participants in the yoga condition reported greater increases in DT over the course of the intervention relative to waitlist participants (Cohen's d = .82). Also consistent with prediction, the reduction in emotional eating was greater for the yoga condition than the waitlist condition (Cohen's d = .92). Importantly, reductions distress absorption, a specific sub-facet of DT, accounted for 15% of the variance in emotional eating, a hallmark behavior of eating pathology and risk factor for obesity. 13 p.
- Published
- 2015
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