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10. Temperature continuously controls the stability of clay slopes

Author

Loche, Marco and Scaringi, Gianvito

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

With climate change, we are expecting more frequent extreme weather events in many regions worldwide. These events can trigger disruptive, deadly natural hazards, which catch the attention of the media and raise awareness in citizens and policymakers. Floods, wildfires, landslides are the object of a great deal of research. Yet, they remain difficult to predict and handle. Climate change also means warmer temperatures, especially on land. Glaciers melt, permafrost thaws. Everywhere, the ground gets warmer down to increasing depths. At first sight, not a big deal. What can a few extra degrees do? Microbes and fungi becomes more active, chemical equilibria shift. Silent changes are left unnoticed, even by scientists. In landslide studies, the stability of slopes is a balance of weights, water pressures, and mechanical strengths. Above freezing, temperature is left out, yet it should not be. The strength of clays, which frequently are abundant in soils, is sensitive to temperature. With a simple numerical exercise, we show to what extent temperature can condition and even undermine the stability of clay-bearing slopes, across the seasons and under global warming. A silent change that could make a non-extreme weather event have much more severe consequences.

Published
2022
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11. Heating-induced strengthening or weakening of clays during slow to fast shearing at landslide stress levels

Author

Loche, Marco and Scaringi, Gianvito

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Changes in temperature in landslide shear zones can derive from frictional heating but also groundwater flow or heat exchange with the atmosphere. This is especially relevant in shallow landslides under seasonal and long-term climatic forcing. How temperature controls the shear resistance in these landslides is poorly constrained. We explored the response of two pure clays (Ca-bentonite and kaolin) under landslide stress levels (50-150 kPa) and slow-to-rapid shearing (0.018-44.5 mm/min). We modified a ring-shear device to permit temperature control (20-50 C). We observed important heating-induced strengthening in bentonite during slow shearing, but also weakening and again strengthening during faster shearing. Effects in kaolin were generally of opposite sign and lower magnitude compared to those in bentonite. Although more analyses are warranted in natural soils and in a lower temperature range, we argue that the thermal sensitivity of clays may matter not only in fast and large, but also in slow and shallow landslides in clay soils. However, case-by-case investigations should be performed to evaluate how thermal sensitivity combines with concurrent processes of atmosphere-soil interaction., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

Published
2022
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13. A benchmark dataset and workflow for landslide susceptibility zonation

Author

Alvioli, Massimiliano, Loche, Marco, Jacobs, Liesbet, Grohmann, Carlos H., Abraham, Minu Treesa, Gupta, Kunal, Satyam, Neelima, Scaringi, Gianvito, Bornaetxea, Txomin, Rossi, Mauro, Marchesini, Ivan, Lombardo, Luigi, Moreno, Mateo, Steger, Stefan, Camera, Corrado A.S., Bajni, Greta, Samodra, Guruh, Wahyudi, Erwin Eko, Susyanto, Nanang, Sinčić, Marko, Gazibara, Sanja Bernat, Sirbu, Flavius, Torizin, Jewgenij, Schüßler, Nick, Mirus, Benjamin B., Woodard, Jacob B., Aguilera, Héctor, and Rivera-Rivera, Jhonatan

Published
2024
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18. Settlement Analysis of a Sandy Clay Soil Reinforced with Stone Columns

Author

Boru Yada Tesfaye, Negesa Adamu Beyene, Scaringi Gianvito, and Puła Wojciech

Subjects
stone column, sandy clay soil, excavation replacement method, settlement, hardening soil model, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction, TA703-712
Abstract

Mat foundations are most typically used in locations featuring weak soils such as soft clays and silts, particularly when building in demanding geotechnical conditions. Because of their poor engineering characteristics and significant difficulties associated with workability, these soils are often removed or avoided by excavating down to a specific depth. However, if thick layers are present, their removal becomes unpractical, costly, and creates inconvenience during construction. To overcome this issue, various reinforcement strategies can be adopted. In this study, the use of stone columns under mat foundations was investigated via numerical modeling. Two scenarios were compared: one in which stone columns were installed without any soil removal and another in which a layer of soft ground was removed and the foundation was installed without any ground treatment. Numerical results showed the clear beneficial effect of stone columns, which can significantly reduce settlements even in the presence of a thick deformable soil layer.

Published
2022
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22. Post-seismic topographic shifts and delayed vegetation recovery in the epicentral area of the 2018 Mw 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake.

Author

Jie, Dou, Xiang, Zilin, Wang, Xiekang, Zheng, Penglin, Avtar, Ram, Xinyu, Chen, Scaringi, Gianvito, Wanqi, Luo, and Yunus, Ali P

Subjects
DEBRIS avalanches, EARTHQUAKES, DIGITAL elevation models, EARTHQUAKE intensity, VEGETATION dynamics, LANDSLIDES, RAINSTORMS
Abstract

The 2018, Mw 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan triggered over 10,000 landsliding in an area spanning about 500 km2, altering the local topography and leading to the accumulation of loose deposits on hillslopes and in valleys. However, a comprehensive post-seismic landslide inventory and an assessment of topographic changes are lacking, hindering a quantitative hazard assessment. Additionally, the extent of vegetation recovery in areas affected by coseismic landslides, a key indicator of post-seismic debris flow hazard, has not been evaluated. Here, we utilize high-resolution digital elevation models and multi-temporal satellite imagery to analyze topographic changes and vegetation dynamics in the earthquake's epicentral area (seismic intensity >5.5). We observe that the event roughened the overall gentle topography of the region and made the slopes steeper. Owing to the absence of significant rainstorms and snowmelt post 2018, only a few debris remobilizations (60) and new landslides (80) have occurred in the affected region. Moreover, we noticed a slow vegetation recovery in the post-seismic phase, suggesting that the likelihood of debris flows and gully erosion remains elevated, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Fluid‐Like Behavior of Crushed Rock Flows

Author

Hu, Wei, primary, Xu, Qiang, additional, McSaveney, Mauri, additional, Scaringi, Gianvito, additional, Huang, Runqiu, additional, Wang, Gonghui, additional, Gou, Huaixiao, additional, and Zheng, Yangshuai, additional

Published
2022
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