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Good quality Ca3Sc2Ge3O12 garnet crystals activated with Yb(super 3+) are grown by means of the flux growth method and characterized using optical spectroscopy techniques. The low-temperature absorption and emission spectra give evidence of the presence of nonequivalent optical centers, as a consequence of the distribution of the Yb(super 3+) ions in different lattice sites.

The results of an investigation of the growth and optoelectronic properties of epitaxial Sc(sub 1-x) Ti(sub x)N(001) is presented. The composition dependence of tau is dominated by alloy scattering and agrees well with measured optical results.

Several x-ray diffraction studies are conducted to explain the preparation and properties of the different single crystalline [Sc.sub.2][O.sub.3]/[Y.sub.2][O.sub.3] heterostructures. The application of these compounds as a buffer approach for the GaN integration on Si(111) is also analyzed.

Material synthesis is realized by magnetron sputter epitaxy of thin films starting from optimal conditions for the formation of wurtzite (w)-AlN onto lattice-matched w-AlN seed layers on [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3](0001) and MgO(111) substrates. Films with ScN contents have displayed phase separation into nanocrystalline ScN and AlN, while ScN-rich growth conditions have produced a transformation to rocksalt structure [Sc.sub.1-x][Al.sub.x]N(111) films.

High-pressure Brillouin and Raman scattering spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements were performed on disordered Pb([Sc.sub.1/2][Nb.sub.1/2])[O.sub.3] to demonstrate its application as a model system for phase transitions in relaxor ferroelectrics and related materials. Both the temperature and pressure dependencies of the linewidth indicated that the longitudinal acoustic mode softening arises from electrostrictive coupling between polar nanoregions and acoustic modes.

The transmission electron microscopy technique is employed to explain the various structural properties of the wurtzlike scandium gallium nitride films that are grown by the molecular beam epitaxy method. An increase in the Sc concentration in the films is shown to lead to a significant increase in the c, as well as the a lattice parameters.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used for studying the electronic structure of [La.sub.1-x][Sr.sub.c]Sc[O.sub.3] single crystal. It is shown that the energy separation between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the Sc 3d-induced unoccupied state is in accordance with the energy gap, which is expected from the optical absorption.

The thermal stability in vacuum of Cr/Sc multilayer thin films used as reflective optical components in soft x-ray instrumental has substantial dependence on incorporation of N. The studies have shown that the separation into the different multilayer periods is a consequence of redistribution of N within the Cr layers.

The 8-quinolinolate complexes of scandium ([Scq.sub.3]) and ([Yq.sub.3]) are used as emitters to efficiently obtain electroluminescence (EL) in organic light-emitting devices. The improved performance of the device is attributed to the higher hole mobility of the [Scq.sub.3] as compared to [Alq.sub.3] or a smaller barrier for hole injection into [Scq.sub.3] compared to [Alq.sub.3].

Substoichiometric quantities of scandium and ytterbium triflate have increased the production of Ugi four component coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes 2- to 7-fold. These rare earth metal triflates have increased the reaction yields via activation of the imine intermediate of this multicomponent reaction.

Magnetic structures of NdScGe by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, ac-susceptibility and magnetometry are determined. The magnetic ordering temperature is 194(2) K and the magnetic structure is characterized by ferromagnetic order of the Nd sublattice lying in or close to the tetragonal basal place.

The perovskite system exhibits a large piezoelectric coefficient and a high Curie temperature in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary. The present contribution reports on revisions to the BiScO3-PbTiO3 phase diagram.

Intercomponent photoinduced energy transfer or electron transfer within the dynamic assembly, which yields to a statistical library of donor-acceptor systems, is reported. Assemblies obtained by coordination with Sc(III) ion having Ru(bpy)(sub 3)- based components and anthracene-substituted ligands showed efficient intramolecular energy transfer from the excited ruthenium complex to the lowest excited state of the anthracene-bound component.

The beta-c phase transition of ZrO(sub 2)-22 mol % ScO(sub 1.5) is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering at high temperatures. Raman spectra of the beta-c transition are successfully obtained in the present study.

The isolation and electron paramagnetic resonance characteristics of two isomers of Sc@C82(I,II) and a major isomer of Sc@C84 are reported. The reasons for the large difference of the anisotropic g tensors is due to a difference in excitation energies of the unpaired electron spin of each Sc@C82 isomer.

The laser oscillation of Yb+3, Ho3+- doped Yttrium Scandium gallium garnet (YSGG) around 1.2 and 3 Mu under laser diode excitation is reported. The Yb,Ho:YSGG crystals are spectroscopically investigated to determine the laser relevant parameters line absorption and emission cross section, lifetime, branching ratio and quantum efficiencies and the excited state absorbs around 1.2 to 3.0 Mum and influence both the laser efficiency as well as the laser wavelength.