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Objective: Some patients (10 % - 32 %) with a positive guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) do not undergo the recommended colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and computed tomography colonography (CTC) in terms of participation rate and detection outcomes when offered to patients with a positive gFOBT who did not undergo the recommended colonoscopy., Methods: An invitation letter offering CTC or VCE was sent to selected patients after randomization. Acceptance of the proposed (or alternative) procedure and procedure results were recorded. Sample size was evaluated according to the hypothesis of a 13 % increase of participation with VCE., Results: A total of 756 patients were targeted. Following the invitation letter, 5.0 % (19/378) of patients underwent the proposed VCE and 7.4 % (28/378) underwent CTC, ( P  = 0.18). Following the letter, 9.8 % (37/378) of patients in the VCE group underwent a diagnostic procedure (19 VCE, 1 CTC, 17 colonoscopy) vs. 10.8 % in the CTC group (41/378: 28 CTC, 13 colonoscopy; P  = 0.55). There were more potentially neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the VCE group than in the CTC group (12/20 [60.0 %] vs. 8/28 [28.6 %]; P  = 0.04). Thus, 15/20 noninvasive procedures in the VCE group (19 VCE, 1 CTC; 75.0 %) vs. 10/28 in the CTC group (35.7 %; P  = 0.01) resulted in a recommendation of further colonoscopy, but only 10/25 patients actually underwent this proposed colonoscopy., Conclusion: Patients with a positive gFOBT result who do not undergo the recommended colonoscopy are difficult to recruit to the screening program and simply proposing an additional, less-invasive procedure, such as VCE or CTC, is not an effective strategy.ClinicalTrials.govNCT02558881TRIAL REGISTRATION: Randomized, controlled trial NCT02558881 at clinicaltrials.gov., Competing Interests: None, (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Background and aims  Colonoscopy is currently the reference method to detect colorectal neoplasia, yet some adenomas remain undetected. The water infusion technique and dying with indigo carmine has shown interesting results for reducing this miss rate. The aim of this study was to compare the adenoma detection rate (adenoma and adenocarcinoma; ADR) and the mean number of adenomas per patient (MAP) for blue-water infusion colonoscopy (BWIC) versus standard colonoscopy. Methods  We performed a multicenter, randomized controlled trial in eight units, including patients with a validated indication for colonoscopy (symptoms, familial or personal history, fecal occult blood test positive). Consenting patients were randomized 1:1 to BWIC or standard colonoscopy. All colonoscopies were performed by experienced colonoscopists. All colonoscopy quality indicators were prospectively recorded. Results  Among the 1065 patients included, colonoscopies were performed completely for 983 patients (514 men; mean age 59.1). The ADR was not significantly different between the groups; 40.4 % in the BWIC group versus 37.5 % in the standard colonoscopy group (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.87 - 1.48; P  = 0.35). MAP was significantly greater in the BWIC group (0.79) than in the standard colonoscopy group (0.64; P  = 0.005). For advanced adenomas, the results were 50 (10.2 %) and 36 (7.3 %), respectively ( P  = 0.10). The cecal intubation rate was not different but the time to cecal intubation was significantly longer in BWIC group (9.9 versus 6.2 minutes; P  < 0.001). Conclusion  Despite the higher MAP with BWIC, the routine use of BWIC does not translate to a higher ADR. Whether increased detection ultimately results in a lower rate of interval carcinoma is not yet known., Clinical Trials Registration: EudraCT 2012-A00548 - 35; NCT01937429., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Background and Study Aims: The high-frequency endosonography miniprobe has been advocated prior to endoscopic treatment of superficial esophageal neoplasm. We conducted a retrospective study, which summarized our clinical experience with various miniprobe techniques in the assessment of early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and superficial adenocarcinoma on Barrett's mucosa (SAB)., Patients and Methods: A total of 106 superficial and naive esophageal lesions were included in this series (52 SAB, 54 SCC). The results of the miniprobe staging were compared with pathology in order to determine the accuracy of this technique in differentiating mucosal from submucosal infiltration. Secondary aims were a comparison between the frequencies (20- vs. 30-MHz) and coupling methods (water-filled lumen vs. balloon-sheathed catheter) used., Results: Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to differentiate T1sm from T1 m tumors were 73.5 %, 62 %, and 76.5 %, respectively. Overdiagnosis occurred in 18.6 % of the lesions. No statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy of the miniprobe staging between the two lesion types (SCC and SAB) ( P = 0.65), and results were significantly poorer in the distal part of the esophagus ( P = 0.00039). No significant difference was found between the two frequencies ( P = 0.51). Water-filled lumen proved to be superior to the balloon-sheathed catheter ( P = 0.015)., Conclusion: High-frequency miniprobe examination has a limited accuracy in the detection of submucosal invasion in early esophageal cancer. Further improvements in acoustic coupling and ultrasound technique are required to improve the miniprobe accuracy before its implementation into clinical routine.

Subcapsular hepatic hematoma is a rare complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The mechanism of this lesion has not been clearly established. The following observation clarifies the physiopathology, as well as providing a review of the various cases described in the literature.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and other histological liver abnormalities in patients operated on for ulcerative colitis and to discuss the advantages of performing a systematic liver biopsy during surgery., Methods: From 1996 to 2001, 21 consecutive patients underwent a restorative proctocolectomy or a reoperation after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. These patients systematically underwent liver biopsy during the procedure., Results: One patient presented with primary sclerosing cholangitis (4.7%). This patient was clinically and biologically asymptomatic. Four patients had steatosis, 8 had non specific inflammation such as small duct cholangitis and 8 had normal liver biopsy. As a result medical treatment was adapted and close surveillance of the live was begun., Conclusion: Peroperative liver biopsy identify primary sclerosing cholangitis or other liver diseases in an early diagnosis and help evaluate their stage in order to start appropriate treatment.