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1. Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

Author

Abdollahi, Soheila, Acero, Fabio, Bloom, Elliott, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Paneque, David, Pei, Zhiyuan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrosian, Vahe, Pillera, Roberta, Poon, Helen, Bonino, Raffaella, Porter, Troy A., Principe, Giacomo, Raino, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Rani, Bindu, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Brill, Ari, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A., Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Scotton, Lorenzo, Serini, Davide, Sgro, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Sueoka, Kohei, Britto, Richard J., Suson, Dan J., Tajima, Hiro, Tak, Dongguen, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Valverde, Janeth, Wood, Kent, Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Bruel, Philippe, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Baldini, Luca, Castro, Daniel, Chaty, Sylvain, Cheung, Teddy C., Chiaro, Graziano, Cibrario, Nicolo, Ciprini, Stefano, Coronado-Blazquez, Javier, Crnogorcevic, Milena, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, Ballet, Jean, De Gaetano, Salvatore, Digel, Seth W., Di Lalla, Niccolo, Dirirsa, Feraol F., Di Venere, Leonardo, Dominguez, Alberto, Fallah Ramazani, Vandad, Fegan, Stephen J., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiori, Alessio, Bastieri, Denis, Fleischhack, Henrike, Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Galanti, Giorgio, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gargano, Fabio, Garrappa, Simone, Gasparrini, Dario, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Giacchino, Federica, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Thomas, Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Helene, Guillemot, Lucas, Guiriec, Sylvain, Berenji, Bijan, Gustafsson, Michael, Harding, Alice K., Hays, Liz, Hewitt, John W., Hays, E., Horan, Deirdre, Hou, Xian, Johannesson, Gudlaugur, Karwin, Christopher M., Kayanoki, Taishu, Berretta, Alessandra, Kerr, Matthew T., Kuss, Michael, Landriu, David, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Li, Jian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Lott, Benoit, Lubrano, Pasquale, Maldera, Simone, Malyshev, Dmitry, Manfreda, Alberto, Marti-Devesa, Guillem, Mazziotta, Mario N., Mereu, Isabella, Meyer, Manuel, Michelson, Peter F., Blandford, Roger D., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alex A., Monzani, Maria E., Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Negro, Michela, Nuss, Eric, Omodei, Nicola, European Space Agency, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae Object, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, ddc:520, ddc:530, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Blazars
Abstract

Abdollahi et al., We present an incremental version (4FGL-DR3, for Data Release 3) of the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) catalog of γ-ray sources. Based on the first 12 years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it contains 6658 sources. The analysis improves on that used for the 4FGL catalog over eight years of data: more sources are fit with curved spectra, we introduce a more robust spectral parameterization for pulsars, and we extend the spectral points to 1 TeV. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, and associations are updated for all sources. Light curves are rebuilt for all sources with 1 yr intervals (not 2 month intervals). Among the 5064 original 4FGL sources, 16 were deleted, 112 are formally below the detection threshold over 12 yr (but are kept in the list), while 74 are newly associated, 10 have an improved association, and seven associations were withdrawn. Pulsars are split explicitly between young and millisecond pulsars. Pulsars and binaries newly detected in LAT sources, as well as more than 100 newly classified blazars, are reported. We add three extended sources and 1607 new point sources, mostly just above the detection threshold, among which eight are considered identified, and 699 have a plausible counterpart at other wavelengths. We discuss the degree-scale residuals to the global sky model and clusters of soft unassociated point sources close to the Galactic plane, which are possibly related to limitations of the interstellar emission model and missing extended sources., The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Études Spatiales in France. This work is performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work made extensive use of the ATNF pulsar catalog 102 (Manchester et al. 2005). This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED; 2019), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and of archival data, software, and online services provided by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC) operated by the Italian Space Agency.

Published
2022
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2. Einstein@Home discovers a radio-quiet gamma-ray millisecond pulsar

Author

Clark, Colin J., Pletsch, Holger J., Aulbert, Carsten, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Palatiello, Michele, Paliya, Vaidehi S., de Palma, Francesco, Paneque, David, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Porter, Troy A., Beer, Christian, Principe, Giacomo, Rainò, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Ray, Paul S., Razzano, Massimiliano, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Romani, Roger W., Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Sgrò, Carmelo, Bock, Oliver, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spada, Francesca, Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Vianello, Giacomo, Cuéllar, Andres, Wood, Kent, Wood, Matthew, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd, Fehrmann, Henning, Kramer, Michael, Kwang, Shawn A., Machenschalk, Bernd, Nieder, Lars, Wu, Jason, Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Guillemot, Lucas, Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Brandt, Terri J., Bregeon, Johan, Bruel, Philippe, Buehler, Rolf, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Kerr, Matthew, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cecchi, Claudia, Charles, Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Ciprini, Stefano, Cominsky, Lynn R., Costantin, Denise, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, Johnson, Tyrel J., De Luca, Andrea, Desiante, Rachele, Di Venere, Leonardo, Di Mauro, Mattia, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Digel, Seth W., Favuzzi, Cecilia, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Camilo, Fernando, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Gomez-Vargas, Germán A., Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Salvetti, David, Guiriec, Sylvain, Harding, Alice K., Hewitt, John W., Horan, Deirdre, Jóhannesson, Guðlaugur, Kensei, Shiki, Kuss, Michael, La Mura, Giovanni, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Allen, Bruce, Li, Jian, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Magill, Jeffrey D., Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Mazziotta, Mario N., McEnery, Julie E., Anderson, David, Michelson, Peter F., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier ( LUPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan ( CENBG ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ), Science Institute (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Clark, Colin J., Pletsch, Holger J., Wu, Jason, Guillemot, Luca, Kerr, Matthew, Johnson, Tyrel J., Camilo, Fernando, Salvetti, David, Allen, Bruce, Anderson, David, Aulbert, Carsten, Beer, Christian, Bock, Oliver, Cuéllar, Andre, Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd, Fehrmann, Henning, Kramer, Michael, Kwang, Shawn A., Machenschalk, Bernd, Nieder, Lar, Ackermann, Marku, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Deni, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Brandt, Terri J., Bregeon, Johan, Bruel, Philippe, Buehler, Rolf, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cecchi, Claudia, Charles, Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Ciprini, Stefano, Cominsky, Lynn R., Costantin, Denise, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, De Luca, Andrea, Desiante, Rachele, Di Venere, Leonardo, Di Mauro, Mattia, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Digel, Seth W., Favuzzi, Cecilia, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Gomez-Vargas, Germán A., Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Guiriec, Sylvain, Harding, Alice K., Hewitt, John W., Horan, Deirdre, Jóhannesson, Guolaugur, Kensei, Shiki, Kuss, Michael, La Mura, Giovanni, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Li, Jian, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Magill, Jeffrey D., Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Mazziotta, Mario N., Mcenery, Julie E., Michelson, Peter F., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Palatiello, Michele, Paliya, Vaidehi S., De Palma, Francesco, Paneque, David, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Porter, Troy A., Principe, Giacomo, Rainò, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Ray, Paul S., Razzano, Massimiliano, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Romani, Roger W., Parkinson, Pablo M. Saz, Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spada, Francesca, Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Vianello, Giacomo, Wood, Kent, and Wood, Matthew

Subjects
Einstein@Home, Gammageislar, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Bulge, Millisecond pulsar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Research Articles, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Line-of-sight, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Nifteindastjörnur, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, SciAdv r-articles, Computer Science::Computers and Society, Stjörnusjónaukar, Neutron star, ddc:500, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Research Article
Abstract

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are old neutron stars that spin hundreds of times per second and appear to pulsate as their emission beams cross our line of sight. To date, radio pulsations have been detected from all rotation-powered MSPs. In an attempt to discover radio-quiet gamma-ray MSPs, we used the aggregated power from the computers of tens of thousands of volunteers participating in the Einstein@Home distributed computing project to search for pulsations from unidentified gamma-ray sources in Fermi Large Area Telescope data. This survey discovered two isolated MSPs, one of which is the only known rotation-powered MSP to remain undetected in radio observations. These gamma-ray MSPs were discovered in completely blind searches without prior constraints from other observations, raising hopes for detecting MSPs from a predicted Galactic bulge population., This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through an Emmy Noether Research Grant [no. PL 710/1-1 (H.J.P.)], and NSF award 1104902. C.J.C. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 715051; Spiders). W.M. was partially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (grants TRG5880173 and RTA5980003). M.R. was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (contract no. FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F). Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by NASA. The Parkes Observatory is part of the Australia Telescope, funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT, as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

Published
2018

4. A population of gamma-ray emitting globular clusters seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Abdo, Aous A., Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Bonamente, Emanuele, Ormes, Jonathan F., Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Borgland, Anders W., Ripken, Joachim, Romani, Roger W., Ziegler, Marcus, Roth, Marshall, Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. W., Ylinen, Tomi, Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spinelli, Paolo, Strickman, Mark Samuel, Bouvier, Aurelien, Suson, Daniel Jeffrey, Brigida, Monica, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Buson, Sara, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Thayer, Jana B., Thayer, John Gregg, Tibaldo, Luigi, Torres, Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Tramacere, Andrea, Brandt, Theresa J., Bruel, Philippe, Caliandro, Giuseppe Andrea, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Usher, Tracy L., Vasileiou, Vlasios, Venter, Christo, Vilchez, Nicolás, Vitale, Vincenzo, Waite, Anthony P., Wang, Ping, Webb, Natalie, Winer, Brian L., Cameron, Robert A., Buehler, Rolf, Bregeon, Jean, Yang, Zhaoyu, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Carrigan, Svenja, Casandjian, Jean-Marc, Guillemot, Lucas, Charles, Eric, Chaty, Sylvain, Grove, J. Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Cheung, C. C. Teddy, Chiang, James, Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, Rachel, Cohen-Tanugi, Johan, Conrad, Jan, DeCesar, Megan E., Guiriec, Sylvain, Dermer, Charles Dennison, Hays, Elizabeth, Palma, Francesco de, Digel, Seth W., Couto e Silva, Eduardo do, Drell, Persis S., Dubois, Richard, Dumora, Denis, Favuzzi, Cecilia, Fortin, Pascal, Frailis, Marco, Hadasch, Daniela, Jean, Pierre, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Gehrels, Neil, Germani, Stefano, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Glanzman, Tom, Godfrey, Gary, Johannesson, Gueolaugur, Harding, Alice K., Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Johnson, Tyrel J., Johnson, W. Neil, Kamae, Tuneyoshi, Parent, D., Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Jun, Pancrazi, Benoit, Kerr, Matthew, Knödlseder, Jürgen, Kuss, M., Lande, Joshua, Latronico, Luca, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Llena-Garde, Maja, Pepe, Monica, Longo, Francesco, Porter, Troy A., Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Makeev, Andrey, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Michelson, Peter F., Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Takafumi, Monte, Claudia, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Rainò, Silvia, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Simona, Naumann-Godo, Melitta, Nolan, Pat L., Norris, Jay P., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Rando, Riccardo, Piron, Frédéric, Orlando, Elena, Abdo, Aous A., Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Bonamente, Emanuele, Ormes, Jonathan F., Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Borgland, Anders W., Ripken, Joachim, Romani, Roger W., Ziegler, Marcus, Roth, Marshall, Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. W., Ylinen, Tomi, Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spinelli, Paolo, Strickman, Mark Samuel, Bouvier, Aurelien, Suson, Daniel Jeffrey, Brigida, Monica, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Buson, Sara, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Thayer, Jana B., Thayer, John Gregg, Tibaldo, Luigi, Torres, Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Tramacere, Andrea, Brandt, Theresa J., Bruel, Philippe, Caliandro, Giuseppe Andrea, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Usher, Tracy L., Vasileiou, Vlasios, Venter, Christo, Vilchez, Nicolás, Vitale, Vincenzo, Waite, Anthony P., Wang, Ping, Webb, Natalie, Winer, Brian L., Cameron, Robert A., Buehler, Rolf, Bregeon, Jean, Yang, Zhaoyu, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Carrigan, Svenja, Casandjian, Jean-Marc, Guillemot, Lucas, Charles, Eric, Chaty, Sylvain, Grove, J. Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Cheung, C. C. Teddy, Chiang, James, Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, Rachel, Cohen-Tanugi, Johan, Conrad, Jan, DeCesar, Megan E., Guiriec, Sylvain, Dermer, Charles Dennison, Hays, Elizabeth, Palma, Francesco de, Digel, Seth W., Couto e Silva, Eduardo do, Drell, Persis S., Dubois, Richard, Dumora, Denis, Favuzzi, Cecilia, Fortin, Pascal, Frailis, Marco, Hadasch, Daniela, Jean, Pierre, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Gehrels, Neil, Germani, Stefano, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Glanzman, Tom, Godfrey, Gary, Johannesson, Gueolaugur, Harding, Alice K., Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Johnson, Tyrel J., Johnson, W. Neil, Kamae, Tuneyoshi, Parent, D., Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Jun, Pancrazi, Benoit, Kerr, Matthew, Knödlseder, Jürgen, Kuss, M., Lande, Joshua, Latronico, Luca, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Llena-Garde, Maja, Pepe, Monica, Longo, Francesco, Porter, Troy A., Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Makeev, Andrey, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Michelson, Peter F., Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Takafumi, Monte, Claudia, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Rainò, Silvia, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Simona, Naumann-Godo, Melitta, Nolan, Pat L., Norris, Jay P., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Rando, Riccardo, Piron, Frédéric, and Orlando, Elena

Abstract

Globular clusters with their large populations of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be potential emitters of high-energy gamma-ray emission. Our goal is to constrain the millisecond pulsar populations in globular clusters from analysis of gamma-ray observations. We use 546 days of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to study the gamma-ray emission towards 13 globular clusters. Steady point-like high-energy gamma-ray emission has been significantly detected towards 8 globular clusters. Five of them (47 Tucanae, Omega Cen, NGC 6388, Terzan 5, and M 28) show hard spectral power indices $(0.7 < \Gamma <1.4)$ and clear evidence for an exponential cut-off in the range 1.0-2.6 GeV, which is the characteristic signature of magnetospheric emission from MSPs. Three of them (M 62, NGC 6440 and NGC 6652) also show hard spectral indices $(1.0 < \Gamma < 1.7)$, however the presence of an exponential cut-off can not be unambiguously established. Three of them (Omega Cen, NGC 6388, NGC 6652) have no known radio or X-ray MSPs yet still exhibit MSP spectral properties. From the observed gamma-ray luminosities, we estimate the total number of MSPs that is expected to be present in these globular clusters. We show that our estimates of the MSP population correlate with the stellar encounter rate and we estimate 2600-4700 MSPs in Galactic globular clusters, commensurate with previous estimates. The observation of high-energy gamma-ray emission from a globular cluster thus provides a reliable independent method to assess their millisecond pulsar populations that can be used to make constraints on the original neutron star X-ray binary population, essential for understanding the importance of binary systems in slowing the inevitable core collapse of globular clusters.

Published
2010

5. Search for gamma-ray emission from magnetars with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Abdo, Aous A., Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Allafort, Alice, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Baring, Matthew G., Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Blandford, Roger D., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Makeev, Andrey, Marelli, Martino, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, McEnery, Julie E., Mehault, Jeremie, Michelson, Peter F., Ritz, Steven, Piron, Frédéric, Mizuno, Takafumi, Moiseev, Alex A., Monte, Claudia, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Simona, Naumann-Godo, Melitta, Nolan, Pat L., Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. W., Nuss, Eric, Porter, Troy A., Ohsugi, Takashi, Okumura, Akira, Omodei, Nicola, Orlando, Elena, Ormes, Jonathan F., Ozaki, Masanobu, Paneque, David, Parent, D., Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Pepe, Monica, Rainò, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Razzano, Massimiliano, Rea, Nanda, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Bloom, Elliott D., Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Strickman, Mark Samuel, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Cecchi, Claudia, Bonamente, Emanuele, Tanaka, Takaaki, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Tibaldo, Luigi, Torres, Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Tramacere, Andrea, Troja, Eleonora, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Çelik, Özlem, Usher, Tracy L., Borgland, Anders W., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Vasileiou, Vlasios, Vianello, Giacomo, Vitale, Vincenzo, Waite, Anthony P., Winer, Brian L., Wood, Kent S., Yang, Zhaoyu, Chaty, Sylvain, Ziegler, Marcus, Bouvier, Aurelien, Bregeon, Jean, Brigida, Monica, Bruel, Philippe, Burnett, Thompson H., Caliandro, Giuseppe Andrea, Cameron, Robert A., Caraveo, Patrizia A., Chekhtman, Alexandre, Cheung, C. C. Teddy, Chiang, James, Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, Rachel, Conrad, Jan, Hartogh, Paul, Johannesson, Gueolaugur, Dermer, Charles Dennison, Angelis, Alessandro de, Palma, Francesco de, Dib, Rim, Dormody, Michael, Couto e Silva, Eduardo do, Drell, Persis S., Dubois, Richard, Dumora, Denis, Enoto, Teruaki, Johnson, A. S., Favuzzi, Cecilia, Frailis, Marco, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gehrels, Neil, Giglietto, Nicola, Giommi, Paolo, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Tom, Kaspi, Victoria M., Godfrey, Gary, Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Guiriec, Sylvain, Hadasch, Daniela, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Harding, Alice K., Hays, Elizabeth, Israel, Gian Luca, Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Jun, Knödlseder, Jürgen, Kuss, M., Lande, Joshua, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Abdo, Aous A., Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Allafort, Alice, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Baring, Matthew G., Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Blandford, Roger D., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Makeev, Andrey, Marelli, Martino, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, McEnery, Julie E., Mehault, Jeremie, Michelson, Peter F., Ritz, Steven, Piron, Frédéric, Mizuno, Takafumi, Moiseev, Alex A., Monte, Claudia, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Simona, Naumann-Godo, Melitta, Nolan, Pat L., Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. W., Nuss, Eric, Porter, Troy A., Ohsugi, Takashi, Okumura, Akira, Omodei, Nicola, Orlando, Elena, Ormes, Jonathan F., Ozaki, Masanobu, Paneque, David, Parent, D., Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Pepe, Monica, Rainò, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Razzano, Massimiliano, Rea, Nanda, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Bloom, Elliott D., Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Strickman, Mark Samuel, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Cecchi, Claudia, Bonamente, Emanuele, Tanaka, Takaaki, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Tibaldo, Luigi, Torres, Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Tramacere, Andrea, Troja, Eleonora, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Çelik, Özlem, Usher, Tracy L., Borgland, Anders W., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Vasileiou, Vlasios, Vianello, Giacomo, Vitale, Vincenzo, Waite, Anthony P., Winer, Brian L., Wood, Kent S., Yang, Zhaoyu, Chaty, Sylvain, Ziegler, Marcus, Bouvier, Aurelien, Bregeon, Jean, Brigida, Monica, Bruel, Philippe, Burnett, Thompson H., Caliandro, Giuseppe Andrea, Cameron, Robert A., Caraveo, Patrizia A., Chekhtman, Alexandre, Cheung, C. C. Teddy, Chiang, James, Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, Rachel, Conrad, Jan, Hartogh, Paul, Johannesson, Gueolaugur, Dermer, Charles Dennison, Angelis, Alessandro de, Palma, Francesco de, Dib, Rim, Dormody, Michael, Couto e Silva, Eduardo do, Drell, Persis S., Dubois, Richard, Dumora, Denis, Enoto, Teruaki, Johnson, A. S., Favuzzi, Cecilia, Frailis, Marco, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gehrels, Neil, Giglietto, Nicola, Giommi, Paolo, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Tom, Kaspi, Victoria M., Godfrey, Gary, Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Guiriec, Sylvain, Hadasch, Daniela, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Harding, Alice K., Hays, Elizabeth, Israel, Gian Luca, Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Jun, Knödlseder, Jürgen, Kuss, M., Lande, Joshua, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, and Pesce-Rollins, Melissa

Abstract

We report on the search for 0.1-10 GeV emission from magnetars in 17 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations. No significant evidence for gamma-ray emission from any of the currently known magnetars is found. The most stringent upper limits to date on their persistent emission in the Fermi energy range are estimated between ~10–12and10–10 erg s–1 cm–2, depending on the source. We also searched for gamma-ray pulsations and possible outbursts, also with no significant detection. The upper limits derived support the presence of a cutoff at an energy below a few MeV in the persistent emission of magnetars. They also show the likely need for a revision of current models of outer-gap emission from strongly magnetized pulsars, which, in some realizations, predict detectable GeV emission from magnetars at flux levels exceeding the upper limits identified here using the Fermi-LAT observations.

Published
2010

6. Einstein@Home discovers a radio-quiet gamma-ray millisecond pulsar.

Author

Clark CJ, Pletsch HJ, Wu J, Guillemot L, Kerr M, Johnson TJ, Camilo F, Salvetti D, Allen B, Anderson D, Aulbert C, Beer C, Bock O, Cuéllar A, Eggenstein HB, Fehrmann H, Kramer M, Kwang SA, Machenschalk B, Nieder L, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Ciprini S, Cominsky LR, Costantin D, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, De Luca A, Desiante R, Di Venere L, Di Mauro M, Di Lalla N, Digel SW, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Gomez-Vargas GA, Green D, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hewitt JW, Horan D, Jóhannesson G, Kensei S, Kuss M, La Mura G, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Magill JD, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Palatiello M, Paliya VS, de Palma F, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Persic M, Pesce-Rollins M, Porter TA, Principe G, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Romani RW, Saz Parkinson PM, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Torres DF, Troja E, Vianello G, Wood K, and Wood M

Abstract

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are old neutron stars that spin hundreds of times per second and appear to pulsate as their emission beams cross our line of sight. To date, radio pulsations have been detected from all rotation-powered MSPs. In an attempt to discover radio-quiet gamma-ray MSPs, we used the aggregated power from the computers of tens of thousands of volunteers participating in the Einstein@Home distributed computing project to search for pulsations from unidentified gamma-ray sources in Fermi Large Area Telescope data. This survey discovered two isolated MSPs, one of which is the only known rotation-powered MSP to remain undetected in radio observations. These gamma-ray MSPs were discovered in completely blind searches without prior constraints from other observations, raising hopes for detecting MSPs from a predicted Galactic bulge population.

Published
2018
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