Search

We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data on mafic lavas from the Sivas, Develidag, Erciyes, and Erkilet volcanic complexes in central Turkey and Tenchirek in eastern Turkey to evaluate the mantle sources for volcanism in the context of the geodynamic evolution of the Anatolian microplate. Early Miocene through Quaternary volcanism in Western Anatolia and latest Miocene through Quaternary activity in Central Anatolia were dominated by contributions from two distinct source regions: heterogeneous metasomatized or subduction-modified lithosphere, and roughly homogeneous sublithospheric ambient upper mantle; we model the source contributions through mixing between three end members. The sublithospheric mantle source plots close to the Northern Hemisphere reference line (NHRL) with radiogenic Pb-206/Pb-204 of similar to 19.15, while the other contributions plot substantially above the NHRL in Pb isotope space. The lithospheric source is heterogeneous, resulting from variable pollution by subduction-related processes likely including direct incorporation of sediment and/or melange; its range in radiogenic isotopes is defined by regional oceanic sediment and ultrapotassic melts of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The geochemical impact of this contribution is disproportionately large, given that subduction-modified lithosphere and/or ocean sediment dominates the Pb isotope signatures of mafic Anatolian lavas. Subduction of the Aegean or Tethyan seafloor, associated with marked crustal shortening, took place throughout the region until ca. 16-17 Ma, after which time broad delamination of the thickened lower crust and/or the Tethyan slab beneath Central Anatolia allowed for sediment and/or melange and slab-derived fluids to be released into the overlying evolving modified mantle. Aggregation of melts derived from both mantle and lithospheric domains was made possible by upwelling of warm asthenospheric material moving around and through the complexly torn younger Aegean-Cyprean slab that dips steeply to the north beneath southern Anatolia.

Pseudoacanthocircus mocki Kozur & Mostler, 1990 (Fig. 10U) Pseudoacanthocircus mocki Kozur & Mostler, 1990: 209, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 10, fig. 9. — Dumitrica & Hüngerbühler 2017: pl. 8, figs 5, 8. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, Hettangian-upper Pliensbachian of Bavaria, Germany; Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey.

Laxtorum breve Tekin, n. sp. (Fig. 12 D-J) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AAC22989-AF44-439E-8E99-6493848E6229 Laxtorum sp. – Aita & Spörli 1992: pl. 5, fig. 12. HOLOTYPE. — Sample Orbuk-32, HU.JMB.0157 (Fig. 12D). PARATYPES. — HU.JMB.0158 (Fig. 12G), HU.JMB159 (Fig. 12H), JMB.0160 (Fig. 12I), HU.JMB161 (Fig. 12J). TYPE LOCALITY. — Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin brevis-e – short, brief, due its short shell. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, lower Sinemurian of Auckland, New Zealand and Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. DIMENSIONS (based on seven specimens, in µm). — Length of horn: 84-120 (holotype: 100, average: 105.7); Maximum length of test: 132-158 (holotype: 158, average: 141.1); Maximum width of test: 120-168 (holotype: 125, average: 136.1). DESCRIPTION Test short with three post-abdominal segments. Cephalis hemisphaerical with a long horn. Horn needle-like, subcircular in transversal section, slightly decreasing in width distally and terminated in a sharp end. Rest of the test increasing in width very slowly, and decreasing in width at last segment. Collar, lumbar and following strictures not prominent, not visible at the surface of test. Surface of test covered with thick layer of silica with irregular surface. Test bears circular to subcircular pores of different sizes. REMARKS This species differs from Laxtorum hemingense Whalen & Carter in Carter et al. (1998: 80, pl. 25, figs 6-8, 13, 14, 24, 25; pl. 27, figs 5, 6, 16, 20) by having a shorter test with very long horn and indistinct circumferential ridges. It can be differentiated from Laxtorum obscurum Tekin, n. sp. by possessing a thin, long horn and longer test with more segments., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on pages 524-525, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["AITA Y. & SPORLI K. B. 1992. - Tectonic and palaeogeographic significance of radiolarian microfauna in the Permian and Mesozoic basement rocks of the North Island, New Zealand. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 96: 103 - 125. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0031 - 0182 (92) 90062 - A","CARTER E. S., WHALEN P. A. & GUEX J. 1998. - Biochronology and paleontology of Lower Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian) radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 496: 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 209778"]}

Genus Orbiculiformella Kozur & Mostler, 1978 TYPE SPECIES. — Orbiculiforma railensis Pessagno, 1977 by original desgination., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 513, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1978. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil II. Oberfamilie Trematodiscacea Haeckel 1862 emend. und Beischreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch-Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 8: 123 - 182."]}

Genus Laxtorum Blome, 1984 emend. Carter (1993) TYPE SPECIES. — Laxtorum hindei Blome, 1984 by original designation., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 524, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["BLOME C. D. 1984. - Upper Triassic Radiolaria and radiolarian zonation from western North America. Bulletins of American Paleontology 85 (318): 1 - 88. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28866200","CARTER E. S. 1993. - Biochronology and Paleontology of Uppermost Triassic (Rhaetian) Radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. These de Doctorat, Universite de Lausanne Faculte des Sciences, Memoires de Geologie (Lausanne) 11, 177 p."]}

Genus Tetrapaurinella Kozur & Mostler, 1994 TYPE SPECIES. — Tetrapaurinella discoidalis Kozur & Mostler, 1994 by original designation. Tetrapaurinella sphaerica Tekin, n. sp. (Fig. 8 P-V) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4E6F19D-A746-43DA-9A55-5480C9F33969 HOLOTYPE. — Sample Orbuk-32, HU.JMB.0127 (Fig. 8P). PARATYPES. — HU.JMB.0128 (Fig. 8Q), HU.JMB.0129 (Fig. 8R), HU.JMB.0130 (Fig. 8S), HU.JMB.0131 (Fig. 8T), HU.JMB.0132 (Fig. 8U), HU.JMB.0133 (Fig. 8V). TYPE LOCALITY. — Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. ETYMOLOGY. — Due its sphaerical cortical shell. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, upper Hettangian-lower Sinemurian of Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. DIMENSIONS (based on seven specimens, in µm).- Maximum diameter of test: 100-140 (holotype: 138, average: 123.3); Length of the longest spine: 80-100 (holotype: 100, average: 93). DESCRIPTION Shell flat to slightly inflated, spongy consisting of several layers around the micropshaere and four primary spines at right angles situated in one plane or, sometimes, slightly inclined (Fig. 8P). Surface of the shell with numerous pores of different size. Primary spines needle-like, subcircular in transverse section, slightly gradually tapering, and pointed. REMARKS This species differs from the Triassic species Tetrapaurinella latispinosa Kozur & Mostler (1994: 77, pl. 16, fig. 9; pl. 17, figs 4, 6) by possessing a much smaller shell by comparison with primary spines and slightly larger pores.

Udalia dennisoni Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998 (Fig. 7E) Udalia dennisoni Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998: 59, pl. 6, figs 11, 13-14, 17-19, 21-22. — Tekin 2002a: 185, pl. 3, fig. 2. — Bertinelli & Marcucci 2011: 408, pl. 1, fig. 18. ? Udalia sp. cf. U. dennisoni – Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998: pl. 3, fig. 12. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, middle Hettangian-upper Sinemurian of Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada; Gran Sasso, central Apennines, Italy; Antalya Nappes, NE of Antalya city and Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey.

Genus Danubea Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998 TYPE SPECIES. — Danubea howardi Whalen & Carter, 1998 by original designation., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 514, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["CARTER E. S., WHALEN P. A. & GUEX J. 1998. - Biochronology and paleontology of Lower Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian) radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 496: 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 209778"]}

Atalantria sp. A (Fig. 12O) OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, lower Sinemurian of Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. DESCRIPTION Test multicyrtid, increasing in width distally except the last segment. Last segment decreasing in width. Cephalis hemisphaerical, poreless with small, rudimentary, needle-like horn. Thorax to rest of segments, except the last one, subtrapezoidal. Last segment inverse subtrapezoidal in outline. Segments have two transverse rows of pores with hexagonal pore frames. REMARKS This specimen differs from Atalantria emmela (Cordey & Carter 1996: 67, pl. 24, fig. 13) by having a distally constricted test. It can be differentiated also from Atalantria epaphrodita (Cordey & Carter 1996: 446, pl. 1, figs 6, 7, 10, 11) by having a shorter test and cephalis with unbranched, needle-like horn.

Ares sutherlandi Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998 (Fig. 13F, G) Ares sutherlandi Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998: 76, pl. 21, figs 3, 16, pl. 27, figs 1, 7.- Goričan et al. 2006: 44-45, pl. ARS02, figs 1-2. Ares sp. – Whalen & Pessagno 1984: pl. 1, fig. 12. Ares sp. A – Whalen & Pessagno 1984: 142, pl. 15, figs 6, 13. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, lower Sinemurian-lower Lower Pliensbachian of Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada; Baja California Sur; Mexico; Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey.

Praehexasaturnalis tetraradiatus Kozur & Mostler, 1990 (Fig. 10 L-M) Praehexasaturnalis tetraradiatus Kozur & Mostler, 1990: 195-196, pl. 6, figs 8, 9, 11, 12. — Carter 1994, pl. 1, fig. 19. — Carter et al. 1998: 54, pl. 14, figs 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10. — Whalen & Carter 2002: 108, pl. 5, figs 7, 11, 12. — Tekin 2002a: 184, pl. 2, fig. 10. — Goričan et al. 2006: 332-333, pl. SAT 01, figs 1-3. Pseudoheliodiscus (?) spp. – Whalen & Pessagno 1984: pl. 3, figs 12-13. Stauroacanthocircus quadratus – Yang & Mizutani 1991: 73, pl.3, fig.1, 6. Palaeosaturnalis tetraradiatus – Carter et al. 2010: pl. 1, fig. 1. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, middle Hettangian – lower Lower Pliensbachian of Baja California Sur, Mexico; Bavaria, Germany and northern Hungary; northeast China; Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada; Antalya Nappes, NE of Antalya city and Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey.

Droltus sp. aff. D. eurasiaticus Kozur & Mostler, 1990 (Fig. 11A, B) aff. Droltus eurasiaticus – Kozur & Mostler 1990: 223, pl. 17, figs 3-4. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, lower Sinemurian of the Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. REMARKS This taxon differs from Droltus eurasiaticus by possessing a shorter and wider test., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 520, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1990. - Saturnaliacea Deflandre and some others stratigraphically important Radiolaria from the Hettangian of Lenggries / Isar (Bavaria, Northern Calcareous Alps). Geologisch-Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 17: 179 - 248."]}

Genus Tozerium Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998 TYPE SPECIES. — Tozerium nascens Whalen & Carter, 1998 by original designation. Tozerium orbuklukeliense Tekin, n. sp. (Fig. 9 P-R) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0FD13C2-4B21-4640-9815-2297D5FFBEB3 HOLOTYPE. — Sample Orbuk-32, HU.JMB.0142 (Fig. 9P). TYPE LOCALITY. — Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. ETYMOLOGY. — Named after its type locality. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, lower Sinemurian of the Orbuklukeli section, Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey. PARATYPES. — HU.JMB.0143 (Fig. 9Q), HU.JMB.0144 (Fig. 9R). DIMENSIONS (based on three specimens, in µm). — Maximum diameter of cortical shell: 110-128 (holotype: 110, average: 116); Maximum length of spine: 85-114 (holotype: 100, average: 99.6). DESCRIPTION Cortical shell small to medium-sized with four strong spines. Cortical shell sphaerical to subsphaerical composed of small to medium-sized polygonal (mainly trigonal to tetragonal) pore frames and large, subcircular pores at pore frame vertices. Spines prominent, robust, needle-like, subcircular in transversal section, decreasing in width gradually to its end. Length of spines approximately equal to diameter of cortical shell. REMARKS This species differs from Tozerium nascens (Carter et al. 1998: 44, pl. 1, figs 1, 7, 8, 13, 14, 18, 23, 24) by having a sphaerical, smaller cortical shell with smaller pore frames, large nodes at pore frame vertices and prominent, robust and longer primary spines., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 516, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["CARTER E. S., WHALEN P. A. & GUEX J. 1998. - Biochronology and paleontology of Lower Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian) radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 496: 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 209778"]}

Genus Beatricea Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998 TYPE SPECIES. — Beatricea christovalensis Whalen & Carter in Carter, Whalen & Guex, 1998 by original designation., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 508, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["CARTER E. S., WHALEN P. A. & GUEX J. 1998. - Biochronology and paleontology of Lower Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian) radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 496: 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 209778"]}

Crucella mijo De Wever, 1981 (Fig. 7P) Crucella mijo De Wever, 1981a: 35, pl. 4, figs 1-2; 1982b: 253, pl. 28, figs 1-3. — Suzuki et al. 2002: 176, fig. 7C. Crucella sp. A – Pujana 1996: 136, pl. 1, fig. 14. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, middle Lower Pliensbachian-upper Pliensbachian of Gümüslü Unit, Lycian Nappe, NW of Antalya city and Mersin Mélange, NW Mersin city, southern Turkey; NE British Columbia; Argentina; North Peru. Crucella mirabunda Whalen & Carter, 2002 (Fig. 7Q, R) Crucella mirabunda Whalen & Carter, 2002: 106, pl. 1, figs 7, 11; pl. 2, figs 1, 8. — Goričan et al. 2006: 126-127, pl. CRU14, figs 1-2. Crucella sp. B – Hattori 1987: pl. 4, fig. 8. Pseudocrucella sp. A – Carter et al. 1988: 29, pl. 7, figs 8-9. OCCURRENCE. — Lower Jurassic, Pliensbachian-Middle Jurassic, Aalenian of Japan; Baja California Sur, Mexico; Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada; Mersin Mélange, NW of Mersin city, southern Turkey., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 510, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["DE WEVER P. 1981 a. - Hagiastridae, Patulibracchiidae et Spongodiscidae (Radiolaires Polycystines) du Lias de Turquie. Revue de Micropaleontologie 24 (1): 27 - 50.","SUZUKI H., PRINZ- GRIMM P. & SCHMIDT- EFFING R. 2002. - Radiolarien aus dem Grenzbereich Hettangium / Sinemurium von Nordperu. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 76: 163 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02989855","PUJANA I. 1996. - A new Lower Jurassic Radiolarian fauna from the Neuquen Basin, centralwest Argentina, in XIII Congreso Argentino de Geologia, y Ii Congreso de Exploracion de Hidrocarburos, Actas: Buenos Aires, 13 al 18 de octubre de 1996. Asociacion Geologica Argentina: Instituto Argentino del Petroleo y del Gas: 133 - 142.","WHALEN P. A. & CARTER E. S. 2002. - Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) Radiolaria from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Micropaleontology 48 (2): 97 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / 48.2.97","GORICAN S., CARTER E. S., DUMITRICA P., WHALEN P. A., HORI R. S., DE WEVER P., O'DOGHERTY L., MATSUOKA A. & GUEX J. 2006. - Catalogue and Systematics of Pliensbachian, Toarcian and Aalenian Radiolarian Genera and Species. Zalozba ZRC / ZRC Publishing, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, 446 p.","HATTORI I. 1987. - Jurassic radiolarian fossils from the Nanjo Massif, Fukui Prefacture, central Japan. Bulletin of Fukui Municipial Museum of Natural History 34: 29 - 101.","CARTER E. S., CAMERON B. & SMITH P. L. 1988. - Lower and Middle Jurassic radiolarian biostratigraphy and systematic paleontology, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 386: 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 126315"]}

Genus Canoptum Pessagno in Pessagno, Finch & Abbott, 1979. TYPE SPECIES. — Canoptum poissoni Pessagno, 1979 by original designation., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 522, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["PESSAGNO E. A. JR, FINCH W. & ABBOTT P. L. 1979. - Upper Triassic Radiolaria from San Hipolito Formation, Baja California. Micropaleontology 25 (2): 160 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485265"]}

Genus Katroma Pessagno & Poisson, 1981 emend. De Wever (1982a) emend. Whalen & Carter in Carter et al. (1998) TYPE SPECIES. — Katroma neagui Pessagno & Poisson, 1981 by original designation., Published as part of Tekin, Kagan, Krystyn, Leopold, Okuyucu, Cengiz, Bedi, Yavuz & Sayit, Kaan, 2020, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic radiolarian, conodont and ammonite assemblages from the Tavuscayiri block, Mersin Mélange, southern Turkey: Time constraints for the T / J boundary and sedimentary evolution of the southern margin of the northern Neotethys, pp. 493-537 in Geodiversitas 42 (27) on page 528, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a27, http://zenodo.org/record/4447758, {"references":["PESSAGNO E. A. JR & POISSON A. 1981. - Lower Jurassic Radiolaria from the Gumuslu Allochthon of southwestern Turkey (Taurides Occidentales). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey 92: 47 - 69.","DE WEVER P. 1982 a. - Nassellaria (Radiolaires Polycystines) du Lias de Turquie. Revue de Micropaleontologie 24 (4): 189 - 232.","CARTER E. S., WHALEN P. A. & GUEX J. 1998. - Biochronology and paleontology of Lower Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian) radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 496: 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 209778"]}