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Electrical and electronic equipements are classified as devices that operate on electrical current and electromagnetic fields. These EEE are transformed into WEEE after reaching the end of their useful lives. The usage of electrical and electronic equipment has expanded quickly, and because of their shorter lifespans, a lot of ewaste is produced globally. WEEE production reached 44.7 Mt in 2016 and would reach 52.2 Mt by 2021. The amount of elements in e-waste, including lead, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and others, makes it dangerous for both the environment and living things. Only the estimation of mobile phones and personal computers at the University of Kashmir in J&K is the focus of this study. For that reason, I anticipate e-waste creation using a modified exponential equation and utilized the end-of-life model as a basis model to estimate current e-waste generation. At the University of Kashmir, a questionnaire survey was undertaken to learn how consumers dispose of their electronic devices once they have served their purpose. The typical life lengths of electronic devices (such as mobile phones and personal computers) have upper and lower bounds in two scenarios, respectively. The study's findings indicated that, in the case of mobile phones, the total amount of garbage created for 2021 will be close to 313.88 units and might reach as high as 561.57 units by 2025. The total amount of garbage produced under the lower limit is projected to be 358.15 units in 2021 and to rise to 599.05 units by 2025. Similar to PCs, the total waste created by PCs will increase up to 551.08 units by 2025, from 298.52 units in 2021. The total amount of garbage produced under a reduced restriction, however, was 325.72 units in 2021 and will rise to 581.84 units by 2025. As a result, enough infrastructures should be in place to handle the volume of trash that is produced, and this assessment can serve as a basis for politicians to express timely concern and take appropriate action to route e-waste from its user to disposal.

BackgroundChildren and young people (CYP) with complex neurodisability experience multiple physical, communication, educational and social challenges which require complex packages of multidisciplinary care. Cerebral palsy, an exemplar complex neurodisability condition, is the most common cause of serious physical disabilities among children globally. It is unclear the best way to meet the emotional, social, practical, and empowerment needs of CYP with complex neurodisability and their caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the needs and priorities of those caring for CYP with complex neurodisability. This forms part of the feasibility phase of a wider study (ENCOMPASS) which aims to adapt the ‘Baby Ubuntu’ intervention, a participatory caregiver programme for families of CYP with complex neurodisability, to an ethnically diverse urban UK context.MethodsTwo rounds of semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 caregivers of CYP with complex neurodisability and six healthcare professionals from a variety of disciplines, recruited from a community child health service in London Borough of Newham, UK in 2020. The interviews included open-ended questions to explore caregiving trajectories, experiences of navigating health services and perceived service gaps. Transcripts were analysed using a data-driven inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified that related to the aim of understanding caregivers’ experiences and unmet needs relating to current service provision. These were (1) Caregiver Mental Health, (2) A Thirst for Knowledge and (3) The Need for Holistic Support. Mental health difficulties were reported, particularly around the period of diagnosis. Priority needs included the provision of clear information about the diagnosis and services offered, opportunities to forge peer support networks and for services across the community to collaborate.ConclusionsThe delivery of health services for CYP with neurodisability should encompass the broad needs of the family as well as meeting the clinical needs of the CYP.

The rise of radicalisation, the demonisation of Muslims by demagogues and segments of the British media and the immigration crisis in Europe are all factors that collude and contribute to heightened levels of Islamophobia in the United Kingdom (UK). Islamophobia has been associated with psychological distress in Muslims. However, reputable organisations such as the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Muslim Council of Britain have raised concerns that the British government’s controversial countering violent extremism programme Prevent may be a barrier to mental health services for Muslims. This book chapter provides background information about the insidious and pervasive phenomenon of Islamophobia in the UK, how Islamophobia has infiltrated British public mental healthcare and the consequences that this has on both providers and users of mental healthcare services.