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Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that leads to severe cardiotoxic hazards. Several studies were carried out to protect the myocardium against Cd-induced cardiotoxicity. Up till now, no researches evaluated the protective effect of dapagliflozin (DAP) against Cd induced cardiotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of DAP in such model with deep studying of the involved mechanisms. 40 male Wistar albino rats were included in current study. Cd (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days to induce cardiotoxicity with or without co-administration of DAP in three different doses (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg/day) orally for 7 days. Our data revealed that Cd could induce cardiotoxicity with significant increase in serum cardiac enzymes, heart weight, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), toll like receptor2 (TLR2), interleukin 6 (IL6) and caspase3 immunoexpression with abnormal histopathological changes. In addition, Cd significantly decreased the level of heme oxygenase1 (HO1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Co-administration of DAP could ameliorate Cd cardiotoxicity with significant improvement of the biochemical and histopathological changes. We found that DAP had protective properties against Cd induced cardiotoxicity and this may be due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties and modulation of IL6/STAT3 and TLR2/TNFα-signaling pathways.

One of the most dangerous gynecological emergencies is ovarian ischemia that commonly occurs during surgical manipulation or presence of ovarian masses.finding new therapies to prevent the associated harmful effects of ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage is still a critical need. For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the possible role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 A inhibitor (PDEI), cilostazol (CLZ) in the treatment of ovarian ischemia reperfusion induced damage (OIR).Rats were divided into five groups; sham, OIR group; CLZ (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) was given orally with induced OIR. Different biochemical parameters were detected such as total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In addition, histopathological features, ovarian weight changes and casapse3 immunoexpression were detected.Data revealed significant increase in ovarian weight changes, MDA, TLR4, TNFα, NF-κB and caspase 3 expressions in OIR induced group. Moreover, OIR group had histopathological features of ovarian damage with depletion of cAMP, SIRT1, TAC and GSH.CLZ could ameliorate OIR-induced damage due to PDE inhibition, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties with modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/TNFα and cAMP/SIRT1 signaling pathways.

Pneumonia is a serious disease that can lead to death if it is not diagnosed in an accurate manner. This paper presents three models for diagnosing pneumonia based on Chest X-Ray images. The first proposed model depends on the combination of inception, residual, and dropout. The second model is based on adding a batch normalization layer to the first model. The third model adds inner residual inception. The inner residual inception block has four branches, each of which has a significantly deeper root than any other known inception block, necessitating the use of residual connections between each branch. Inner residual inception blocks eventually consist of 4 distinct ResNet architectures. Each branch has a building block that is repeated three times with residuals, and then a dropout layer is added on top of that. These models used logistic regression and the Adam optimizer. The metrics used to evaluate the models are accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, and balanced accuracy. From the results, the third proposed model has achieved the highest accuracy of 96.76%, and the best balance accuracy of 95.08%.

50 male Wistar albino rats were subjected to DOX toxicity via administration of singleOur data revealed that VIN succeeded in protecting the heart against DOX induced damage as manifested by significant decrease of cardiac enzymes, hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and caspase3 levels. Furthermore, VIN given group showed marked improvement of the histopathological changes of cardiac injury, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), elevation of reduced glutathione (GSH), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1).We concluded that VIN could ameliorate DOX induced cardiac damage and this effect may be attributed to modulation of HIF/VEGF signaling pathway, up-regulation of cGMP/cAMP/SIRT pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme, besides its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs, but its cardiotoxicity has been shown to be a dose-restricting factor during therapy. Finding new agents for reducing these complications is still in critical need. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effect of hemin (HEM) in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and exploring the role of toll like receptor-5/nuclear factor kappa-B/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TLR-5/NF-κB/TNF-α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2/hemeoxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) signaling pathways in mediating such effect. Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. They were administered DOX by interaperitoneal (i.p.) injection (15 mg/kg) on the 5th day of the experiment with or without HEM in different doses (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg/day) i.p. for 7 days. Results showed that the DOX group had cardiotoxicity as manifested by a significant increase in cardiac enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), TLR-5, NF-κB, TNF-α, and cleaved caspase-3 levels with toxic histopathological changes. Based on these findings, HEM succeeded in reducing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in a dose-dependent effect by stimulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and inhibition of TLR-5/NF-κB/TNF-α pathways with subsequent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.

The cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is a major complication that challenges their clinical usefulness. Thus there is a critical need to find new protective drugs to defend against these harmful side effects. Up to now, there have been no studies evaluating the possible cardioprotective effects of fenofibrate (FEN) in 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed in the current model to evaluate such an effect of FEN and to explore different mechanisms mediating it. We used FEN (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) administered orally for 7 days with induction of cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5FU (150 mg/kg) on the fifth day. The current study showed that 5FU succeeded in inducing cardiotoxicity, manifested by significantly elevated levels of cardiac enzymes, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), and caspase-3. Furthermore, the 5FU group showed toxic histopathological changes including marked cardiac damage and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) expression. FEN reversed 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity by various mechanisms including upregulation of PPARα, inhibition of the IL-6/STAT signaling pathway, and anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties. FEN demonstrated a significant cardioprotective effect against 5FU-induced cardiac damage.

The research aims to introduce one of the important architectural and archaeological landmarks in the city of Baku, which is the Palace of Sharon Shah, which helps to strengthen the bonds of the relationship between the Islamic peoples and create an automatic and realistic unity, and to achieve an “important human” goal of blending and meeting the civilization of Islamic peoples, highlighting the historical, archaeological, architectural and tourism status The palace of Sharon Shah, which was the seat of the rule of the longest-lived state in Islamic history, the state of Sharon Shah. Clarify the role of historical monuments, whose roots extend back many centuries, in cultural tourism, and work to raise the level of performance in them; In order to increase the demand for it by all classes of societies that seek types of tourism that play their role in accordance with human values and etiquette in acquaintance between peoples and nations. The importance of research The city of Baku is one of the most important historical and religious cities in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In which the palace of Sharon Shah, the subject of research, and other tourist attractions such as the Maiden's Tower are located.

The importance of research from the perspective that the objectives and functions of museums promote tourism, and increase national income, as the museum is the destination of the tourist, so he is keen to visit it, see its collections, compare them, talk about them, and keep the most beautiful impressions, which helps in the popularity of tourism. The research aims to introduce one of the important architectural and archaeological monuments in the city of Baku, which is the Azerbaijani National History Museum, which helps to strengthen the bonds of the relationship between Islamic peoples and create an automatic and realistic unity, and to achieve an “important human” goal, which is the blending and convergence of the civilization of Islamic peoples, Help in revitalizing the tourism movement, especially the historical tourist monuments, by highlighting the city of Baku, the capital, and its tourist attractions.

The research aims to determine the impact of the application of ethical training programs on the sales performance of salesmen (quantitative performance; qualitative performance), while identifying the most important obstacles facing Egyptian hotels in implementing ethical training and its impact on the performance of salesmen. It was applied to a random sample of sales and training managers in five-star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh and Cairo. The data was collected through a pre-prepared questionnaire as a tool to measure the relationship and influence between the research variables. The statistical analysis program "SPSS" version "26" was used to analyze the data and test the study hypotheses. Among the results of the study, there is a strong positive effect between the application of ethical training programs and the sales performance of salesmen. The results also showed that there are obstacles in Egyptian hotels that prevent the application of these training programs that negatively affect the performance of salesmen. Considering these results, the study recommended paying attention to an ethical training approach for building a positive image of the hotel, by building trust and credibility with current and potential customers.

Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that leads to severe cardiotoxic hazards. Several studies were carried out to protect the myocardium against Cd-induced cardiotoxicity. Up till now, no researches evaluated the protective effect of dapagliflozin (DAP) against Cd induced cardiotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of DAP in such model with deep studying of the involved mechanisms. 40 male Wistar albino rats were included in current study. Cd (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days to induce cardiotoxicity with or without co-administration of DAP in three different doses (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg/day) orally for 7 days. Our data revealed that Cd could induce cardiotoxicity with significant increase in serum cardiac enzymes, heart weight, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), toll like receptor2 (TLR2), interleukin 6 (IL6) and caspase3 immunoexpression with abnormal histopathological changes. In addition, Cd significantly decreased the level of heme oxygenase1 (HO1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Co-administration of DAP could ameliorate Cd cardiotoxicity with significant improvement of the biochemical and histopathological changes. We found that DAP had protective properties against Cd induced cardiotoxicity and this may be due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties and modulation of IL6/STAT3 and TLR2/TNFα-signaling pathways.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying pink marketing practices (market research, pink marketing mix, feedback), on women’s purchasing behavior as a target market segment, and its impact on their loyalty. The research used a sample of women guests (416) in five-star hotels in Cairo and Sharm El-Sheikh. A questionnaire form was used to collect the research data. Data were analyzed using the statistical program Smart (PLS3) version (V.3.2.7). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the presence of a statistical significant positive effect between pink marketing with combined dimensions and purchasing behavior on women's loyalty to the hotel, The study recommends that marketers should take care of pink marketing practices in all dimensions by studying the characteristics of women and providing a marketing program that satisfies their needs and wants, and assessing the quality of the marketing mix program.

Background: Nutritional supplementation may affect the outcomes of liver cirrhosis. Zinc deficiency is common among patients with liver cirrhosis. Objectives: To reveal the impact of zinc replacement therapy in the severity, frequency, and outcomes of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) among a sample of Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods: Patients aged more than 18 years and had decompensated liver disease and developed HE regardless of its grade were included in the current study. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the serum level of zinc and whether patients received zinc replacement therapy or not. Results: An overall 90 patients with decompensated liver disease as a sequel of HCV were enrolled in the present investigation. Patients were furtherly assorted based on the presence of zinc deficiency and replacement therapy into three groups. The mean ages of the included patients were 52.3±4.7, 47.23±4.7, and 41.35±4.28 among groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Patients with zinc deficiency and received zinc replacement therapy experienced better outcomes in the terms of short ICU stay and total hospital stays, in contrast to patients within groups 2 and 3 .There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the levels of Zinc and the frequency of HE. Conclusion: Patients developed HE should receive a comprehensive treatment protocol including zinc replacement therapy even if they have normal zinc levels in order to ameliorate the catastrophic sequels of HE.

Ischemic heart disease is a common cardiac health problem. Despite the significant advances in prevention and treatment of this disorder, its incidences and complications are very serious. So, the search for more antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents with cardioprotective effects is an urgent task. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) inducer, hemin (HEM), on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial damage. Forty-five Wistar albino rats were used. Animals were treated with HEM (25 mg/kg/day) i.p. for 5 days and injected with ISO (150 mg/kg/day) i.p. on 4th and 5th day of the experiment. Detection of the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP ) was performed by administration of glibenclamide (GP) (5 mg/kg/day) orally 2 h before HEM. Moreover, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was detected by coadministration of Nitro- ω-L-arginine (L-NNA) (25 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. The ISO group showed increase in heart weight, cardiac enzymes, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and malondialdehyde (MDA) with decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), HO1, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, there were increases in Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3, but decreases in B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and eNOS. Moreover, the histopathological examination of the ISO group showed degeneration of the cardiac muscle fibers and marked infiltration of the inflammatory cells. The biochemical and histopathological changes induced by ISO were markedly ameliorated in the HEM plus ISO group. This protective effect was diminished with coadministration of GP or L-NNA; thus, KATP and eNOS might mediate HEM cardioprotection.

Objective Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL) 3, 4 and 8 are upcoming cardiovascular biomarkers. Experimental studies showed that thyroid hormones altered their levels. We assessed ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 as predictors of cardiovascular functions among naïve subclinical and naïve overt hypothyroidism (SCH and OH) and altered ANGPTL levels with levothyroxine replacement (LT4) and their association with improved cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular function. Design and methods The study was a prospective follow-up study that assessed ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 levels, vascular status (flow-mediated dilation% of brachial artery (FMD%), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), aortic stiffness index (ASI)), left ventricle (LV) parameters (ejection fraction (EF), myocardial performance index (MPI), and LV mass), well-known cardiovascular risk factors and homeostatic model for the assessment of insulin resistance, at two time points, that is, among naïve SCH, naïve OH, and healthy subjects groups; and at 6 months after achieving the euthyroid state with LT4 by calculating their increased or decreased delta changes (∆↑ or ∆↓) in longitudinal arm among LT4-hypothyroid groups. Results Significantly elevated levels of ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 among hypothyroid groups than the healthy subjects were reduced with LT4. Multivariate analysis revealed ANGPTLs as independent predictors of cardiovascular functions and the contributors for ANGPTL level included ANGPTL3 and 4 for impaired FMD%, and ANGPTL8 for LV mass among naïve SCH; ANGPTL3 for EF% and ANGPTL8 for CIMT in naïve OH; ∆↓ANGPTL3 for ∆↓ASI meanwhile ∆↑freeT4 for ∆↓ANGPTL3, ∆↓fasting glucose, ∆↓triglyceride, and ∆↓thyroid peroxidase antibody for ∆↓ANGPTL4 among LT4-SCH. ∆↓ANGPTL4 for ∆↓MPI and ∆↓LV mass, meanwhile ∆↓TSH and ∆↓triglyceride for ∆↓ANGPTL3, ∆↑free T3 and ∆↓HOMA-IR for ∆↓ANGPTL4, and systolic blood pressure and waist circumference for ∆↓ANGPTL8 among LT4-OH. Conclusion Elevated ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 levels are differentially independent predictors of endothelial and cardiac function and are reduced with LT4 in SCH and OH.

Objectives To evaluate and compare outcome of redo-surgery and thrombolysis for treatment of mitral PVT following mechanical valve replacement for rheumatic etiology in young adult patients ( Methods and Results This retrospective study included 42 young adult patients who had PVT after mechanical valve replacement for rheumatic mitral valve disease, between January 2014 and June 2019. Eighteen patients underwent redo-surgery and 24 patients underwent thrombolysis (Streptokinase 100,000 U/h for at least 24 hours). The approach of treatment was based on proposed criteria considering hemodynamic status, NYHA functional class, and thrombus size. Complete response to thrombolysis was defined by normal clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Primary outcome included response to thrombolysis, complications, mortality, and recurrence. The median follow-up period was 24 months. The thrombus size was significantly larger in redo-surgery group (9.88±2.44 mm2 vs 5.87±1.26 mm2, P 1 week). Recurrent thrombosis occurred only with thrombolysis (8.3% vs 0%, P = 0.20). Cumulative proportions for freedom from thrombosis were 100% for surgery versus 78.1% for thrombolysis (Log-rank P-value = 0.17). Conclusions Proper patient selection may improve outcome after treatment of mitral PVT using thrombolysis or redo-surgery in young adults. Redo-surgery has advantages over thrombolysis regarding mid-term recurrence of thrombosis; however, thrombolysis has significantly lower mortality than redo-surgery. Further evaluation of the proper treatment for delayed presentation of PVT is recommended.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs, but its cardiotoxicity has been shown to be a dose-restricting factor during therapy. Finding new agents for reducing these complications is still in critical need. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effect of hemin (HEM) in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and exploring the role of toll like receptor-5/nuclear factor kappa-B/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TLR-5/NF-κB/TNF-α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2/hemeoxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) signaling pathways in mediating such effect. Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. They were administered DOX by interaperitoneal (i.p.) injection (15 mg/kg) on the 5th day of the experiment with or without HEM in different doses (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg/day) i.p. for 7 days. Results showed that the DOX group had cardiotoxicity as manifested by a significant increase in cardiac enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), TLR-5, NF-κB, TNF-α, and cleaved caspase-3 levels with toxic histopathological changes. Based on these findings, HEM succeeded in reducing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in a dose-dependent effect by stimulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and inhibition of TLR-5/NF-κB/TNF-α pathways with subsequent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Twisting of the spermatic cord is a common dangerous health problem that may be accompanied with testicular necrosis and infertility. Cilostazol (CLZ) is a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A inhibitor used for treatment of intermittent claudication. It has a great role in myocardial, spinal cord and hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion. However, till now, there are no researches evaluating its role in testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (TIR). The current work studies its capability to improve TIR induced injury with more concentration on the mechanisms involved in such effect. Four groups of animals were included: sham, TIR induced group, TIR plus CLZ low dose (10 mg/kg), TIR plus CLZ high dose (30 mg/kg). Our results proved that TIR had significant decrease of the serum ELISA of testosterone, marked disturbances in oxidative stress evaluated parameters as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ELISA measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) inflammatory mediators, apoptotic marker (caspase3) using western blotting, immunohistochemistry of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TIR reduced the protective agents as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) by ELISA method with marked germinal cell apoptosis. The biochemical results were confirmed by the histopathological findings that showed marked decrease in both Johnsen's score and Cosentino's score. However, treatment with CLZ significantly reversed the profound TIR damaging effects, on the basis of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities with recuperation of the testicular vascularity. Modulation of HIF/VEGF and cAMP/SIRT1 pathways showed a great role in mediating such effect.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent but its clinical usefulness is challenged with different forms of toxicities. No studies have evaluated the possible protective effect of nicorandil (NIC) in CP-induced cardiotoxicity. Our study aimed to investigate this effect by using NIC (3 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 days, in the presence or absence of cardiotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CP (150 mg/kg) on 4th and 5th days. We confirmed the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) by coadministration of glibenclamide (GP) (5 mg/kg/day) 2 h before NIC (3 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Moreover, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was confirmed by coadministration of nitro-ω-l-arginine (l-NNA) (25 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Results showed that CP succeeded in induction of cardiotoxicity which manifested by a significant increase in heart weights, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin I, cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1 β), and caspase-3 levels. Furthermore, CP group showed toxic histopathological changes of marked cardiac damage in addition to a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), eNOS gene expression, and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) immunoexpression. NIC succeeded in reversing CP-induced cardiotoxicity by its potassium channel opening effect, stimulating eNOS gene expression, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties. Coadministration of GP or l-NNA could diminish the protective effect of NIC. This proves the important role of KATP and eNOS in mediating such protection.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Customer Relationship Management practices by determining its effect on the performance through a sample of study on some Egyptian restaurants, (43). The questionnaire was adopted for the collection of data. Various statistical methods were used (SPSS. No 2). Hypotheses were tested using simple and multiple regressions, averages, and standard deviations. The results showed that the level of CRM practice was high in most dimensions (customer orientation, CRM organization, customer knowledge management, technology based CRM). The performance level was also high. The study revealed the presence of statistically significant relationship (α ≤ 0.05) between (CRM) and the performance of some restaurants. The most important recommendations of this study were Customer needs should be given top priority in restaurant strategies; it is essential to implement CRM practices in all the dimensions

The research aims to identify the extent of application of occupational health and safety measures and determine the level of staff's awareness of these measures and the most important dimensions and obstacles facing their application. The field study was conducted on a sample of (376) staff of the food and beverage department in some three-star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh. The results revealed a positive impact of the dimensions, a negative impact of obstacles on the application of occupational health and safety measures. The research recommends to implement a master plan for occupational health and safety measures, in accordance with the international system, ISO 45001:2018 and apply the principle of participatory management to the decision making regarding improving working conditions.

The cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is a major complication that challenges their clinical usefulness. Thus there is a critical need to find new protective drugs to defend against these harmful side effects. Up to now, there have been no studies evaluating the possible cardioprotective effects of fenofibrate (FEN) in 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed in the current model to evaluate such an effect of FEN and to explore different mechanisms mediating it.We used FEN (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) administered orally for 7 days with induction of cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5FU (150 mg/kg) on the fifth day.The current study showed that 5FU succeeded in inducing cardiotoxicity, manifested by significantly elevated levels of cardiac enzymes, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), and caspase-3. Furthermore, the 5FU group showed toxic histopathological changes including marked cardiac damage and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) expression. FEN reversed 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity by various mechanisms including upregulation of PPARα, inhibition of the IL-6/STAT signaling pathway, and anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties.FEN demonstrated a significant cardioprotective effect against 5FU-induced cardiac damage.

Purpose: Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and anthracyclines is a major complication that challenges their clinical usefulness. There is a critical need for finding new protecting drugs to defense against these harmful side effects. Up till now, there are no studies evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of fenofibrate (FEN) in 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity. So that, we aimed in current model to evaluate such effect of FEN and explore different mechanisms mediating it.Methods: we used FEN (25, 50,100 mg/kg/day) orally for 7days with induction of cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5FU (150 mg/kg) on 5th day. Results: current study showed that 5FU succeeded in induction of cardiotoxicity and manifested by significant elevation of cardiac enzymes, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 4(STAT4) and caspase 3 levels. Furthermore, 5FU group showed toxic histopathological changes of marked cardiac damage and significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) expression. FEN could reverse 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity by different mechanisms including upregulation of PPARα, inhibition of IL6/STAT signaling pathway, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: FEN had a significant cardioprotective effect against 5FU induced cardiac damage.

This study aims to determine the role of job competencies as a mediating variable in improving the relationship between internal marketing practices as an independent variable and the creative behavior of workers as a dependent variable of the study. The research was applied to a random sample of managers and supervisors in the following departments (human resources; training; public relations; front offices; food and beverages; sales). In five-star hotels and resorts in Cairo and Sharm el-Sheikh. A questionnaire form was used to collect the research data. Data were analyzed using the statistical program Smart (PLS3) version (V.3.2.7). The study reached some results, the most important of which is the positive impact of hotels' pursuit of the internal marketing strategy, as the success of applying internal marketing mechanisms in improving job competencies will have a great and strong influence on developing the creative behavior of hotel workers. The study recommends that hotel administrations should implement internal marketing programs that are concerned with identifying the job competencies required in the human resources and working to develop them continuously while motivating employees to present creative ideas and creative performance at work.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying Marketing Innovation practices (Developing the marketing technology; creating value for customers; creative thinking of marketers and assessing the feasibility of marketing innovations) on hotels’ business excellence. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of marketing and sales managers in five – star hotels in Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh. A questionnaire form was used to collect the research data. Data were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS.V.23). The research results concluded the impact of most dimensions of marketing innovation on a hotel’s business excellence while applying all dimensions together showed a high positive effect. The research recommended the importance of applying all dimensions of innovation marketing as one practice without fragmentation with the creative formulation of the hotel's marketing strategies.

This study focuses on the evolution of urban encroachment on arable land in Egypt. There are three forms of encroachment on arable land. The first type is the removal of the fertile topsoil of agricultural land for the main purpose of bricks manufacturing. The second type is the setting aside of arable land and letting the land go unproductive for long time periods. The third type is the permanent conversion of arable land to buildings. The total acreage lost to encroachment the January 25, 2011 revolution till November 18, 2018 is about 85 thousands feddans of fertile land. The first type of topsoil removal constitutes 7.7 percent of the total lost acreage. While setting aside of arable land constitutes 35.5 percent and the conversion of arable land to buildings constitutes 57.8 percent of total land lost to encroachment. Rapid population growth is the main driver for accelerating encroachment on arable land in Egypt. This is especially evident in the governorates that are not endowed with desert backyard. Gharbeya governorate is a good example of densely populated regions with no desert backyard that could be used for urban expansion. The study reveals that population in Gharbeya grew during the period 2006-2017 with an annually rate of 2.1 percent. While arable land and cropping land declined with an annual rate of 1006 feddans and 2992 feddans respectively during the same time period. The continued encroachment on agricultural land is a major threat to Egypt’s food security due to the limited base of arable land in Egypt. In fact per capita share of arable land is declining very rapidly over the years. For example, the ratio of population to arable land increased from 10.4 in 2006 to 15.4 in 2014. The country is attempting to make up for the lost land through reclamation of desert land. Unfortunately, reclamation of desert land is very expensive endeavor and requires major investment in basic infrastructure such as roads, irrigation networks, power grids, and social infrastructure. Therefore it is of utmost importance for the government to pay due attention to the problem of urban encroachment on old arable land and devise policies and legislations that would put a brake on this phenomena.

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a serious adverse effect that occurs during the administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CYC). Therefore, there is a critical need to find cardioprotective agents to keep the heart healthy. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of simvastatin (SIM) against CYC-induced heart damage and evaluate different mechanisms involved in mediating this effect, including the inflammasome/caspase1/interleukin1β (IL1β) pathway and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). 36 rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control group that received only vehicles, a CYC group that received CYC (150 mg/kg/day) i.p. on the fourth and fifth days, a CYC+SIM group that received SIM (10 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 days and CYC (150 mg/kg/day) i.p. on the fourth and fifth days, and a CYC+SIM+ Nitro- ω-L-arginine (L-NNA) group that received L-NNA (25 mg/kg/day, SIM (10 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 days and CYC (150 mg/kg/day) i.p. on the 4th and 5th days. The CYC group revealed an obvious elevation in cardiac enzymes and heart weights with toxic histopathological changes. Moreover, there was an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) levels, and up-regulation of the NLRP3inflammasome/caspase1/IL1β pathway. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), eNOS, reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly decreased. CYC-induced cardiotoxicity was most properly reversed by SIM through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions with the stimulation of eNOS. The co-administration of L-NNA diminished the protective effect of SIM, indicating the essential role of eNOS in mediating this effect. Therefore, SIM ameliorated CYC-induced cardiotoxicity.

In this paper, the estimators of variance components are derived of two-way nested random model when the problem of missing information exists using combination between Modified Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MMIVQUE) and Modified Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MMIVQUE (0)) methods that is called MMIV(MIV(0)) method.

ملخص: تتناول الورقة الحالية مجموعة من القضايا الحائرة لدى الباحثين في مناهج البحث، تنطلق من التساؤلات الرئيسة قبل البدء في البحث، وأنماط العقول التي تسعي جاهدة للبحث العلمي، وأهمية التجربة الاستطلاعية، وأهمية تفسير نتائج البحث. ومصطلح كل من الفاعلية، والفعالية، والمعاملات الاحصائية لقوة التأثير. كلمات دلالية: قضايا بحثية، مناهج البحث، البحث التربوي.

Escherichia coliare the most common cause of diarrhea in calves. Diarrhea in calvesremains one of the most important problems faced by livestock, causing great economic losses. Some strains ofE. coli characterized by the presence of specific virulence factors including haemolysin production, resistance to bactericidal effects of serum and Congo red binding activity. In this studyfecal samples were collected from 115 diarrheic calves aged from 3 days to one year and from different localities in Egypt along the period from February to August 2015.The prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 72.2%. 39.8% of isolated E. coli were haemolytic to sheep blood agar, 68.7% were serum resistant, 100% showed Congo red binding activity.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent but its clinical usefulness is challenged with different forms of toxicities. No studies have evaluated the possible protective effect of nicorandil (NIC) in CP-induced cardiotoxicity. Our study aimed to investigate this effect by using NIC (3 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 days, in the presence or absence of cardiotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CP (150 mg/kg) on 4th and 5th days. We confirmed the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K