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Background: Current medical simulators for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are expensive and rely on low-fidelity methodologies. This creates a challenge that demands a new approach to eliminate high costs and integrate with critical care environments, especially in light of the scarce resources and supplies available after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: To address this challenge, we examined the current state-of-the-art medical simulators and collaborated closely with Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), the primary healthcare provider in Qatar, to establish criteria for advancing the cutting-edge ECMO simulation. This article presents a comprehensive ambulatory high-realism and cost-effective ECMO simulator. Results: Over the past 3 years, we have surveyed relevant literature, gathered data, and continuously developed a prototype of the system modules and the accompanying tablet application. By doing so, we have successfully addressed the issue of cost and fidelity in ECMO simulation, providing an effective tool for medical professionals to improve their understanding and treatment of patients requiring ECMO support. Conclusions: This paper will focus on presenting an overall ambulatory ECMO simulator, detailing the various sub-systems and emphasizing the modular casing of the physical components and the simulated patient monitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitiligo is classified as an acquired chronic depigmentation disorder that includes the destruction of epidermal melanocytes. It affects 0.5–1% of the population all over the world. Wnt signaling pathway is vital in melanocytes differentiation and development. WIF-1 is an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway; it hinders Wnt from binding its receptors. The present study aims to detect WIF-1 expression in vitiligo skin and if it relates to the disease's severity. Results: This case–control study included 70 subjects: 35 vitiligo patients and 35 healthy controls. Skin WIF-1 expression was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR. Assessment of the vitiligo disease activity score and vitiligo area severity index score was determined. WIF-1 expression showed significant elevation in the skin of vitiligo patients compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: Overexpression of WIF-1 may participate in the pathogenesis of vitiligo; hence, it should be a future therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ibrahim A Darwish,1 Nasr Y Khalil,1 Nawaf A Alsaif,1 Rashed N Herqash,2 Ahmed YA Sayed,1 Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman3,4 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; 2Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt; 4Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banisuef, EgyptCorrespondence: Ibrahim A DarwishDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 114677348Fax +966 114676220Email idarwish@ksu.edu.saBackground: Linifanib (LFB) is a multi‐targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancer. The charge-transfer (CT) interaction of LFB is important in studying its receptor binding mechanisms and useful in the development of a reliable CT-based spectrophotometric assay for LFB in its pharmaceutical formulation to assure its therapeutic benefits.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the CT reaction of LFB with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its application in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB.Methods: The reaction was investigated, its conditions were optimized, the physicochemical and constants of the CT complex and stoichiometric ratio of the complex were determined. The solid-state LFB-DDQ complex was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and also by the computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB.Results: The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product, and the spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction had a CT nature. The molar absorptivity of the complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9526 and 0.9459, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of LFB:DDQ was 1:2. The spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the sites of interaction on the LFB molecule, and accordingly, the reaction mechanism was postulated. The reaction was utilized in the development of the first 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1.31 and 3.96 μg/well, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of LFB in its bulk and tablets with high accuracy and precision.Conclusion: The assay is simple, rapid, accurate, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent, and has high analysis throughput.Keywords: linifanib, 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, charge-transfer reaction, spectroscopic techniques, 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay, high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis

Background: Prostate cancer is a prevalent and serious health concern among men, with various treatment options available, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, each having distinct outcomes. Objective: This study evaluates the treatment outcomes of prostate cancer patients at Sohag University Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 49 prostate cancer patients. Data on demographics, cancer staging, Gleason scores, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 70.51 years. A significant proportion (53.1%) were diagnosed with high-risk locally advanced prostate cancer, and 42.9% had metastatic cancer. ADT was administered to 95.9% of patients, and 38.8% received radiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) rates were 100% at 1 year, 88.9% at 3 years, and 66.7% at 5 years. The duration of hormonal treatment significantly impacted OS, while no significant differences were noted across age, T stage, and Gleason score subgroups. Conclusions: The study highlights the severity of treated prostate cancer cases and the high overall survival rates. The duration of hormonal treatment was a significant factor in overall survival, emphasizing the importance of treatment duration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrohydrodynamics (EHD) instability of two separate overlapping viscous particle fluids moving in a porous medium is the subject of this paper. The incompressible packaging contains microscopic, uniformly sized fine dust particles. The system is influenced by a tangential electric field that remains constant. The abbreviated formulation of Hsieh is employed to account for the impact of mass and heat transfer (MHT). The problem solution follows the viscous potential theory (VPT) because of the problem complexity in mathematics. The significance of fluid-particle mixing in several applications of practical physics and engineering operates as the guiding force behind this investigation. The standard normal modes methodology is used to examine the standard fundamental equations of motion. The essential mechanisms of the nonlinear technique are the formulations of the linear controlling fundamental formulae and the application of the appropriate nonlinear boundary criteria. A number of nondimensional characteristic parameters are produced by the technique. The nonlinear stability results in a nonlinear Landau–Ginzburg equation. By giving the physical parameter numerical values, the stability designs have been graphically represented. Therefore, both linear and nonlinear approaches are depicted to illustrate the impacts of different physical quantities. Using the homotopy perturbation approach and the idea of extended frequency, a uniform approximate solution for a nonlinear interface displacement is provided. He's frequency approach yields another nonperturbative solution of the surface displacement solution, which is validated using the Runge–Kutta method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals on the prevalence of polypharmacy in elderly patients with dementia and its impact on recurrent hospital admission. The study included 90 demented elderly patients and found that 54.4% of them had polypharmacy, with most receiving 4-6 medications. However, there was no significant relationship between polypharmacy and recurrent hospital admission. The study suggests that interventions to reduce polypharmacy should be considered. The findings align with previous studies on high rates of polypharmacy in individuals with dementia. Further research is needed on polypharmacy and mild cognitive impairment, as well as the influence of culture and caregiver goals on polypharmacy in demented patients. [Extracted from the article]