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We consider acoustic scattering in heterogeneous media with piecewise constant wave number. The discretization is carried out using a Galerkin boundary element method in space and Runge-Kutta convolution quadrature in time. We prove well-posedness of the scheme and provide a priori estimates for the convergence in space and time.

We consider the approximation to an abstract evolution problem with inhomogeneous side constraint using $A$-stable Runge-Kutta methods. We derive a priori estimates in norms other than the underlying Banach space. Most notably, we derive estimates in the graph norm of the generator. These results are used to study convolution quadrature based discretizations of a wave scattering and a heat conduction problem.

In this note, we propose a simple way of constructing HDG+ projections on polyhedral elements. The projections enable us to analyze the Lehrenfeld-Sch\"{o}berl HDG (HDG+) methods in a very concise manner, and make many existing analysis techniques of standard HDG methods reusable for HDG+. The novelty here is an alternative way of constructing the projections without using $M$-decompositions as a middle step. This extends our previous results [S. Du and F.-J. Sayas, SpringerBriefs in Mathematics (2019)] (elliptic problems) and [S. Du and F.-J. Sayas, Math.~Comp.~89~(2020), 1745-1782] (elasticity) to polyhedral meshes.

We propose a framework that allows us to analyze different variants of HDG methods for the static Maxwell equations using one simple analysis. It reduces all the work to the construction of projections that best fit the structures of the approximation spaces. As applications, we analyze four variants of HDG methods (denoted by B, H, B+, H+), where two of them are known (variants H, B+) and the other two are new (variants H+, B). Under certain regularity assumption, we show that all the four variants are optimally convergent and that variants B+ and H+ achieve superconvergence without post-processing. For the two known variants, we prove their optimal convergence under weaker requirements of the meshes and the stabilization functions thanks to the new analysis techniques being introduced. For solution with low-regularity, we give an analysis to these methods and investigate the effect of different stabilization functions on the convergence. At the end, we provide numerical experiments to support the analysis., Comment: 30 pages

We develop and analyze an ultraweak variational formulation of the Reissner-Mindlin plate bending model both for the clamped and the soft simply supported cases. We prove well-posedness of the formulation, uniformly with respect to the plate thickness $t$. We also prove weak convergence of the Reissner-Mindlin solution to the solution of the corresponding Kirchhoff-Love model when $t\to 0$. Based on the ultraweak formulation, we introduce a discretization of the discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin type with optimal test functions (DPG) and prove its uniform quasi-optimal convergence. Our theory covers the case of non-convex polygonal plates. A numerical experiment for some smooth model solutions with fixed load confirms that our scheme is locking free., Comment: 31 pages, 1 figure

We present some new analytical tools for the error analysis of hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for linear elasticity. These tools allow us to analyze more variants of HDG method using the projection-based approach, which renders the error analysis simple and concise. The key result is a tailored projection for the Lehrenfeld-Sch\"{o}berl type HDG (HDG+ for simplicity) methods. By using the projection we recover the error estimates of HDG+ for steady-state and time-harmonic elasticity in a simpler analysis. We also present a semi-discrete (in space) HDG+ method for transient elastic waves and prove it is uniformly-in-time optimal convergent by using the projection-based error analysis. Numerical experiments supporting our analysis are presented at the end., Comment: Submitted to Math. Comp. on 3/27/2019, accepted on 10/20/2019

This document is made up of two different units. One of them is a regular terse research article, whereas the other one is the detailed and independently written explanations for the paper, so that readers of the short paper do not need to go over all the cumbersome computations. The goal is to clarify the dependence with respect to the time variable of some estimates about the convergence of the Trapezoidal Rule based Convolution Quadrature method applied to hyperbolic problems. This requires a careful investigation of the article of Lehel Banjai where the first convergence estimates were introduced, and of some technical results from a classical paper of Christian Lubich., Comment: 32 pages, 1 figure; First part of the article will be submitted to Computers & Mathematics with Applications

A natural medium for wave propagation comprises a coupled bounded heterogeneous region and an unbounded homogeneous free-space. Frequency-domain wave propagation models in the medium, such as the variable coefficient Helmholtz equation, include a faraway decay radiation condition (RC). It is desirable to develop algorithms that incorporate the full physics of the heterogeneous and unbounded medium wave propagation model, and avoid an approximation of the RC. In this work we first present and analyze an overlapping decomposition framework that is equivalent to the full-space heterogeneous-homogenous continuous model, governed by the Helmholtz equation with a spatially dependent refractive index and the RC. Our novel overlapping framework allows the user to choose two free boundaries, and gain the advantage of applying established high-order finite and boundary element methods (FEM and BEM) to simulate an equivalent coupled model. The coupled model comprises auxiliary interior bounded heterogeneous and exterior unbounded homogeneous Helmholtz problems. A smooth boundary can be chosen for simulating the exterior problem using a spectrally accurate BEM, and a simple boundary can be used to setup a high-order FEM for the interior problem. Thanks to the spectral accuracy of the exterior computational model, the resulting coupled system in the overlapping region is relatively very small. Using the decomposed equivalent framework, we develop a novel overlapping FEM-BEM algorithm for simulating the acoustic or electromagnetic wave propagation in two dimensions. Our FEM-BEM algorithm for the full-space model incorporates the RC exactly. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the FEM-BEM approach for simulating smooth and non-smooth wave fields, with the latter induced by a complex heterogeneous medium and a discontinuous refractive index., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables

We consider an optimal control problem where the state equations are a coupled hyperbolic-elliptic system. This system arises in elastodynamics with piezoelectric effects -- the elastic stress tensor is a function of elastic displacement and electric potential. The electric flux acts as the control variable and, in addition to the state constraints, the bound constraints on the control are considered. We develop a complete analysis for the state equations and the control problem. The requisite regularity on the control, to show the well-posedness of state equations, is enforced using the cost functional. We rigorously derive the first order necessary and sufficient conditions using adjoint equations and further study their well-posedness. For spatially discrete (time continuous) problem, we show the convergence of our numerical scheme. Three dimensional numerical experiments are provided showing convergence properties of a fully discrete method and the practical applicability of our approach.

We consider the problem of waves propagating in a viscoelastic solid. For the material properties of the solid we consider both classical and fractional differentiation in time versions of the Zener, Maxwell, and Voigt models, where the coupling of different models within the same solid are covered as well. Stability of each model is investigated in the Laplace domain, and these are then translated to time-domain estimates. With the use of semigroup theory, some time-domain results are also given which avoid using the Laplace transform and give sharper estimates. We take the time to develop and explain the theory necessary to understand the relation between the equations we solve in the Laplace domain and those in the time-domain which are written using the language of causal tempered distributions. Finally we offer some numerical experiments that highlight some of the differences between the models and how different parameters effect the results.

This paper investigates the numerical modeling of a time-dependent heat transmission problem by the convolution quadrature boundary element method. It introduces the latest theoretical development into the error analysis of the numerical scheme. Semigroup theory is applied to obtain stability in spatial semidiscrete scheme. Functional calculus is employed to yield convergence in the fully discrete scheme. In comparison to the traditional Laplace domain approach, we show our approach gives better estimates.

We consider a model problem of the scattering of linear acoustic waves in free homogeneous space by an elastic solid. The stress tensor in the solid combines the effect of a linear dependence of strains with the influence of an existing electric field. The system is closed using Gauss's law for the associated electric displacement. Well-posedness of the system is studied by its reformulation as a first order in space and time differential system with help of an elliptic lifting operator. We then proceed to studying a semidiscrete formulation, corresponding to an abstract Finite Element discretization in the electric and elastic fields, combined with an abstract Boundary Element approximation of a retarded potential representation of the acoustic field. The results obtained with this approach improve estimates obtained with Laplace domain techniques. While numerical experiments illustrating convergence of a fully discrete version of this problem had already been published, we demonstrate some properties of the full model with some simulations for the two dimensional case.

We derive and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for approximating weak solutions to the equations of time-harmonic linear elasticity on a bounded Lipschitz domain in three dimensions. The real symmetry of the stress tensor is strongly enforced and its coefficients as well as those of the displacement vector field are approximated simultaneously at optimal convergence with respect to the choice of approximating spaces, wavenumber, and mesh size. Sufficient conditions are given so that the system is indeed transferable onto a global hybrid variable that, for larger polynomial degrees, may be approximated via a smaller-dimensional space than the original variables. We construct several variants of this method and discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and give a systematic approach to the error analysis for these methods. We touch briefly on the application of this error analysis to the time-dependent problem, and finally, we examine two different implementations of the method over various polynomial degrees and numerically demonstrate the convergence properties proven herein.

This paper presents a combined field and boundary integral equation method for solving the time-dependent scattering problem of a thermoelastic body immersed in a compressible, inviscid and homogeneous fluid. The approach here is a generalization of the coupling procedure employed by the authors for the treatment of the time-dependent fluid-structure interaction problem. Using an integral representation of the solution in the infinite exterior domain occupied by the fluid, the problem is reduced to one defined only over the finite region occupied by the solid, with nonlocal boundary conditions. The nonlocal boundary problem is analyzed with Lubich's approach for time-dependent boundary integral equations. Existence and uniqueness results are established in terms of time-domain data with the aid of Laplace-domain techniques. Galerkin semi-discretization approximations are derived and error estimates are obtained. A full discretization based on the Convolution Quadrature method is also outlined. Some numerical experiments in 2D are also included in order to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the procedure.

A coupled BEM/FEM formulation for the transient interaction between an acoustic field and a piezoelectric scatterer is proposed. The scattered part of the acoustic wave is represented in terms of retarded layer potentials while the elastic displacement and electric potential are treated variationally. This results in an integro-differential system. Well posedness of a general Galerkin semi-discretization in space of the problem is shown in the Laplace domain and translated into explicit stability bounds in the time domain. Trapezoidal-Rule and BDF2 Convolution Quadrature are used in combination with matching time stepping for time discretization. Second order convergence is proven for the BDF2-based method. Numerical experiments are provided for BDF2 and Trapezoidal Rule based time evolution.

We study a symmetric BEM-FEM coupling scheme for the scattering of transient acoustic waves by bounded inhomogeneous anisotropic obstacles in a homogeneous field. An incident wave in free space interacts with the obstacles and produces a combination of transmission and scattering. The transmitted part of the wave is discretized in space by finite elements while the scattered wave is reduced to two fields defined on the boundary of the obstacles and is discretized in space with boundary elements. We choose a coupling formulation that leads to a symmetric system of integro-differential equations. The retarded boundary integral equations are discretized in time by Convolution Quadrature, and the interior field is discretized in time with the trapezoidal rule. We show that the scattering problem generates a C_0 group of isometries in a Hilbert space, and use associated estimates to derive stability and convergence results. We provide numerical experiments and simulations to validate our results and demonstrate the flexibility of the method.

We present a novel analysis of the boundary integral operators associated to the wave equation. The analysis is done entirely in the time-domain by employing tools from abstract evolution equations in Hilbert spaces and semi-group theory. We prove a single general theorem from which well-posedness and regularity of the solutions for several boundary integral formulations can be deduced as particular cases. By careful choices of continuous and discrete spaces, we are able to provide a concise analysis for various direct and indirect formulations, both at the continuous level and for their Galerkin-in-space semi-discretizations. Some of the results here are improvements on previously known results, while other results are equivalent to those in the literature. The methodology presented here greatly simplifies the analysis of the operators of the Calderon projector for the wave equation and can be generalized for other relevant boundary integral equations.

We propose time-domain boundary integral and coupled boundary integral and variational formulations for acoustic scattering by linearly elastic obstacles. Well posedness along with stability and error bounds with explicit time dependence are established. Full discretization is achieved coupling boundary and finite elements; Convolution Quadrature is used for time evolution in the pure BIE formulation and combined with time stepping in the coupled BEM/FEM scenario. Second order convergence in time is proven for BDF2-CQ and numerical experiments are provided for both BDF2 and Trapezoidal Rule CQ showing second order behavior for the latter as well.

We show some improved mapping properties of the Time Domain Electric Field Integral Equation and of its Galerkin semidiscretization in space. We relate the weak distributional framework with a stronger class of solutions using a group of strongly continuous operators. The stability and error estimates we derive are sharper than those in the literature.

As model problem we consider the prototype for flow and transport of a concentration in porous media in an interior domain and couple it with a diffusion process in the corresponding unbounded exterior domain. To solve the problem we develop a new non-symmetric coupling between the vertex-centered finite volume and boundary element method. This discretization provides naturally conservation of local fluxes and with an upwind option also stability in the convection dominated case. We aim to provide a first rigorous analysis of the system for different model parameters; stability, convergence, and a~priori estimates. This includes the use of an implicit stabilization, known from the finite element and boundary element method coupling. Some numerical experiments conclude the work and confirm the theoretical results., Comment: finite volume method, boundary element method, non-symmetric coupling, convection dominated, existence and uniqueness, convergence, a priori estimate

This paper proposes and analyzes a full discretization of the exterior transient Stokes problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The method is based on a single layer boundary integral representation, using Galerkin semidiscretization in the space variables and multistep Convolution Quadrature in time. Convergence estimates are based on a Laplace domain analysis, which translates into a detailed study of the exterior Brinkman problem. Some numerical experiments are provided.

In this paper we present a full discretization of the layer potentials and boundary integral operators for the elastic wave equation on a parametrizable smooth closed curve in the plane. The method can be understood as a non-conforming Petrov-Galerkin discretization, with a very precise choice of testing functions by symmetrically combining elements on two staggered grids, and using a look-around quadrature formula. Unlike in the acoustic counterpart of this work, the kernel of the elastic double layer operator includes a periodic Hilbert transform that requires a particular choice of the mixing parameters. We give mathematical justification of this fact. Finally, we test the method on some frequency domain and time domain problems, and demonstrate its applicability on smooth open arcs.

In this paper we formulate a transmission problem for the transient acoustic wave equation as a system of retarded boundary integral equations. We then analyse a fully discrete method using a general Galerkin semidiscretization-in-space and Convolution Quadrature in time. All proofs are developed using recent techniques based on the theory of evolution equations. Some numerical experiments are provided.

These notes build an introduction to Convolution Quadrature techniques applied to linear convolutions and convolution equations with a bias to problems related to wave propagation. The notes are self-contained and emphasize algorithmic aspects. They include introductory material on vector-valued distributions, convolution operators, and Dunford calculus.

The existence of uniformly bounded discrete extension operators is established for conforming Raviart-Thomas and N\'ed\'elec discretisations of $H(div)$ and $H(curl)$ on locally refined partitions of a polyhedral domain into tetrahedra.

The problem of determining the manner in which an incoming acoustic wave is scattered by an elastic body immersed in a fluid is one of central importance in detecting and identifying submerged objects. The problem is generally referred to as a fluid-structure interaction and is mathematically formulated as a time-dependent transmission problem. In this paper, we consider a typical fluid-structure interaction problem by using a coupling procedure which reduces the problem to a nonlocal initial-boundary problem in the elastic body with a system of integral equations on the interface between the domains occupied by the elastic body and the fluid. We analyze this nonlocal problem by the Lubich approach via the Laplace transform, an essential feature of which is that it works directly on data in the time domain rather than in the transformed domain. Our results may serve as a mathematical foundation for treating time-dependent fluid-structure interaction problems by convolution quadrature coupling of FEM and BEM.

In this paper we consider the three dimensional exterior Stokes problem and study the solvability of the corresponding continuous and discrete formulations that arise from the coupling of a dual-mixed variational formulation with the boundary integral equation method. More precisely, after employing the incompressibility condition to eliminate the pressure, we consider the resulting velocity-stress-vorticity approach with different kind of boundary conditions on an annular bounded domain, and couple the underlying equations with either one or two boundary integral equations arising from the application of the usual and normal traces to the Green representation formula in the exterior unbounded region. As a result, we obtain saddle point operator equations, which are then analyzed by the well-known Babuska-Brezzi theory. We prove the well-posedness of the continuous formulations, identifying previously the space of solutions of the associated homogeneous problem, and specify explicit hypotheses to be satisfied by the finite element and boundary element subspaces in order to guarantee the stability of the respective Galerkin schemes. In particular, following a similar analysis given recently for the Laplacian, we are able to extend the classical Johnson & N\'ed\'elec procedure to the present case, without assuming any restrictive smoothness requirement on the coupling boundary, but only Lipschitz-continuity. In addition, and differently from known approaches for the elasticity problem, we are also able to extend the Costabel & Han coupling procedure to the 3D Stokes problem by providing a direct proof of the required coerciveness property, that is without argueing by contradiction, and by using the natural norm of each space instead of mesh-dependent norms. Finally, we briefly describe concrete examples of discrete spaces satisfying the aforementioned hypotheses.

We analyze a non-conforming DPG method with discontinuous trace approximation for the Poisson problem in two and three space dimensions. We show its well-posedness and quasi-optimal convergence in the principal unknown. Numerical experiments confirming the theory have been presented previously., Comment: 10 pages

We analyze a discontinuous Galerkin FEM-BEM scheme for a second order elliptic transmission problem posed in the three-dimensional space. The symmetric variational formulation is discretized by nonconforming Raviart-Thomas finite elements on a general partition of the interior domain coupled with discontinuous boundary elements on an independent quasi-uniform mesh of the transmission interface. We prove (almost) quasi-optimal convergence of the method and confirm the theory by a numerical experiment. In addition, we consider the case when continuous rather than discontinuous boundary elements are used., Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures

Stable numerical coupling of exterior and interior problems for the wave equation

This document has been motivated by a course entitled {\em From Raviart-Thomas to HDG}, prepared for {\em C\'adiz Num\'erica 2013 -- Course and Encounter on Numerical Analysis} (C\'adiz, Spain -- June 2013). It is an introduction to the techniques for local analysis of classical mixed methods for diffusion problems and how they motivate the Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin method., Comment: 50 pages

In this paper we provide some Matlab tools for efficient vectorized coding of the Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin for linear variable coefficient reaction-diffusion problems in polyhedral domains. The resulting tools are modular and include enhanced structures to deal with convection-diffusion problems, plus several projections and a superconvergent postprocess of the solution. Loops over the elements are exclusively local and, as such, have been parallelized.