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Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the literature data comparing with demographic and clinical characteristics of shoulder dislocations in Mus city of Turkey.Patients and Methods: The patients who applied to our hospital with shoulder dislocation between January 2017 and December 2018 were examined retrospectively. The data of a total of 306 patients were obtained from the database. 125 patients which have no radiological imaging of shoulder dislocation were excluded from the study. Incidence, demographic characteristics, type of dislocation, presence of additional injuries, etiology of dislocation, recurrent dislocation, length of hospital stay and reduction of dislocation were evaluated.Results: A total of 181 patients, including 140 (77.34%) male and 41 (22.65%) female, ages ranging from 12 to 93 (mean 39.98 age) were included in the study. During the study year, the incidence of primary shoulder dislocation was 18.9/100,000 per year (14.4/100,000 for men and 4.4/100,000 for women). 153 of the patients (84.5%) had only one and 28 (15.4%) patients had at least two times history of shoulder dislocation. 172 of the patients’ shoulder were closed reduced under sedation in the emergency department and nine of them were closed reduced in the operating room under general anesthesia.Conclusion: The incidence of the study is 18.9/100.000 and similar to the previous studies in the literature. This result may be explained by the regional demographic diversity of the patient population

Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a benign adipocytic tumor that typically occurs on the neck/upper back and is located in the dermis or subcutis. This case report highlights the intramuscular SCLs clinical presentation, imaging, histomorphologic, and immunohistochemical features. Intramuscular SCL is a very rare condition and, because of its unusual features, it can be misdiagnosed as liposarcoma. The exclusion of malignancy is the primary concern because liposarcomas need more definitive treatment with a wide excision in the surrounding normal tissue. Because of the heterogeneity of the magnetic resonance imaging features of SCL, the definition and cure for this lesion remain challenging.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of posterior tibial slope after fracture healing on antero-posterior knee laxity, functional outcome and patient satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS 126 patients who were treated for tibial plateau fractures between 2008-2013 in the orthopedics and traumatology department of our institution were evaluated for the study. Patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopy assisted minimally invasive osteosynthesis or conservative treatment. RESULTS Mean posterior tibial slope after the treatment was 6.91 ? 5.11 and there was no significant difference when compared to the uninvolved side 6.42 ? 4,21 (p = 0.794). Knee laxity in anterior-posterior plane was 6.14 ? 2.11 and 5.95 ? 2.25 respectively on healthy and injured side. The difference of mean laxity in anterior-posterior plane between two sides was statistically significant. DISCUSSION In this study we found no difference in laxity between the injured and healthy knees. However Tegner score decreased significantly in patients who had greater laxity difference between the knees. We did not find significant difference between fracture type and laxity, IKDC functional scores independent of the ligamentous injury. CONCLUSION In conclusion despite coronal alignment is taken into consideration in treatment of tibial plateau fractures, sagittal alignment is reasonably important for stability and should not be ignored. © 2016, Galen s.r.o. All rights reserved.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kapalı redüksiyon ve pelvipedal alçı ile tedavi edilen 18 aydan büyük gelişimsel kalça displazili hastaların klinik ve radyolojik sonuçları incelenip, tekniğin başarısını etkileyen nedenlerin tartışılması amaçlandı.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Mart 2011 ve Haziran 2014 tarihleri arasinda Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği'nde 18 aydan büyük kapalı redüksiyon ve pelvipedal alçı uygulaması ile tedavi edilmiş gelişimsel kalça displazili 2'si erkek, 11'i kız 13 hastanın 20 kalçası değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların 4'ünde sağ, 2'sinde sol ve 7'sinde bilateral tutulum mevcuttu. Tedavi başlandığında hastaların ortalama yaşları 19,4 ay ve ortalama takip süresi 27,7 ay idi.Hastaların redüksiyon öncesi radyolojik değerlendirmeleri için direkt grafilerde Tönnis tarafindan tanımlanan yer degiştirme derecesi, Hilgenreiner metodu ile asetabular indeks ölçümü, asetabular açı ve femur boyun cisim açıları ölçüldü. Hastaların redüksiyon sonrası değerlendirmelerinde ise son kontrol tarihinde yapılan poliklinik muayenesi ve radyolojik olarak Hilgenreiner metodu ile asetabular indeks ölçümü, asetabular açı, Wiberg'in CE açısı ve femur boyun cisim açısı kullanıldı. Radyolojik sonuçları değerlendirmek için Tönnis'in normal toplum değerlerinin standart sapma değerlerine göre oluşturduğu tablodan yararlanıldı.Bulgular: Tönnis yer değiştirme kriterine göre redüksiyon öncesi 20 kalçanın pelvis AP grafisi değerlendirildi. Kalçaların 2'si Tönnis tip 1, 6'sı Tönnis tip 2, 7'si Tönnis tip 3 ve 5'i Tönnis tip 4 idi. Takip süresince 20 kalçadan 8'inde (%40) tedavinin yetersizliğine bağlı sekonder displazi gelişmesi nedeniyle ilk kapalı redüksiyon ve pelvipedal alçılamadan ortalama 5,2 ay sonra asetabular osteotomi uygulandı. 12 kalçada (%60) ise stabil redüksiyon sağlandığı düşünüldü ve ek bir cerrahi girişim ihtiyacına gerek duyulmadan kapalı redüksiyon ve pelvipedal alçılama yapıldı.Tek taraflı GKD'si olan hastaların çıkık kalça ile sağlam olan tarafı karşılaştırıldığında; çıkık kalçada sağlam kalçaya göre redüksiyon öncesi ve redüksiyon sonrası AI değerlerinin yüksek çıktığı gözlemlendi. Sağlam kalçalarda redüksiyon öncesi ortalama AI değeri 27,75 derece iken en son takip grafilerinde ortalama AI değeri 18,75 derece idi. Çıkık kalçalarda ise redüksiyon öncesi ortalama AI değeri 39,25 derece iken en son takip grafilerinde ortalama AI değeri 22,5 olarak bulundu.Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmanın takip süresi boyunca elde edilen veriler ışığında radyolojik ölçümler de göz önünde bulundurularak 18 ay ve üzeri hastalarda kapalı redüksiyon ve pelvipedal alçı uygulaması tercih edilebilecek yöntemlerden biri değildir. Ayrıca bu hastalarda tedaviye başlanıldığı anda Tönnis'e göre displazi derecesinin yüksek olduğu kalçalarda hem displazi açısından hem de ikincil cerrahi işlemlerin gerekliliği açısından dikkatli olmak gerekmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Gelişimsel kalça displazisi, 18 ay üzeri, kapalı redüksiyon, pelvipedal alçı Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and radiological results of closed reduction and casting older than 18 months of age patients with developmental hip dysplasia to discuss the influence of success of the technique.Materials and Methods: The results of 20 hips of 13 patients (2 male, 11 female) who were treated with closed reduction and casting between March 2011 and June 2014 at Bezmialem University School of Medicine, in the department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology were evaluated. The involvement was at the right hip in 4 hips, at left in 2 hips and bilateral in 7 hips. At the time of closed reduction the mean age of patients were 19,4 months and the mean follow-up period was 27,7 months.In the radiological evaluation of patients at the prereduction period; degree of displacement described by Tönnis, acetabular index angle, acetabular angle and femoral neck shaft angle were used. In the follow up period in addition to acetabular index; acetabular angle, CE angle of Wiberg and femoral neck shaft angle also were used. And to assess the radiological consequences, Tönnis's statements are generated according to the values of normal population standard deviation values were used.Results: In 12 hips (60%) reduction that was considered as stable intraoperatively so cloesed reduction and spica cast procedure was achieved. However; due to treatment failure 8 hips (40%) were excluded and because of residual hip dysplasia secondary pelvic osteotomy requirements were performed an avarage of 5,2 months after the first closed reduction and spica cast procedure.In the last follow up in regard to degree of displacement described by Tönnis, there was 2 Tönnis type 1, 6 Tönnis type 2, 7 Tönnis type 3 and 5 Tönnis type 4 hips.At one sided hips, when the normal hips' acetabular index were compared with dislocated side; the normal hips' acetabular index were lower than the dislocated side. The normal hips' pre-reduction average AI measurement was 27,75 but last average AI measurement was 18,75 degree, nevertheless the dislocated hips' pre-reduction average AI measurement was 39,25 degree and last average AI measurement was 22,5 degree.Conclusions: In the light of this study we concluded that, considering the radiological measurements, closed reduction and hip spica cast procedure should not be performed in older than 18 months of age. And always keep in mind, the higher degrees of dysplasia according to Tönnis at the beginning of treatment we need to be cautious about secondary dysplasia and required asetabular osteotomies in follow-up period.Key words: Developmental dysplasia of the hip, older than 18 months of age, closed reduction, hip spica cast. 90