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The article presents a study which determined the effects of optimized and developed formulation on softness and wrinkle resistance properties of cotton fabric. The researchers synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized nano-Zinc Oxide (ZnO) particles using the sol-gel method. The results showed a significant enhancement in fabric softness, crease recovery and low stress mechanical properties.

Modification of vegetable oils is carried out to make them suitable according to their specific end use as most of the vegetable oils in original forms do not meet the recommended dietary allowance of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Vegetable oils are modified using a variety of techniques including hydrogenation, interesterification, fractionation, and blending. However, blending is the most widely accepted method for improving the physicochemical properties, nutritive value and oxidative stability of vegetable oils because it is simple, cost‐effective, non‐destructive, and does not involve chemical treatments. Blending vegetable oils with contrasting fatty acid compositions or blending omega 3 fatty acids and antioxidants rich minor oils with major oils are two common strategies to formulate blends. Blended oil with balanced fatty acids could play substantial role in improving the consumers' health. However, while designing vegetable oil blends, it is important to keep in mind the intended application of the formulated blend, consumer's demands and also food laws. This review paper covers the literature related to blending of vegetable oils with a focus on effect of vegetable oils blending on their physicochemical and nutritional properties, health benefits and utility in food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tender coconut husk, a waste after consuming the coconut water, has been explored as a dye for the colouration of cotton fabric. It is abundant in polyphenolic compounds which are the main coloring agent. The aqueous extraction method is used for obtaining the dye. Different mordanting techniques, such as pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post mordanting, are used to dye cotton fabric. Tannic acid and alum are used as primary mordants, and ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate are used as secondary mordants. A range of shades is obtained by varying mordants and different mordanting methods. Overall fastness properties of these shades are found good. Dyed fabrics are also found to have an excellent UV protection property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cottonseed is potential candidate to act as an important protein source but presence of toxic compound gossypol with concentration more than 0.045% is main hurdle in utilization of this protein. Optimized lyophilized protein powder constitutes 5.05% moisture, 93.1% crude protein, 0.03% free gossypol, 0.27% total gossypol, and total bacterial count of 1295 cfu/g with no presence of pathogenic bacteria. Cottonseed may be utilized as an ingredient for food industry as a supplement in various foods since it has surpassed all critical quality standards except lysine content as mentioned in Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2011 (FSSR, version IV, 2017). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Though decades back the fungi were considered as inconsequential causes of infection but in recent years there has been a surge. This could be due to AIDS epidemic or because of advances in the medical care and treatment. A number of diagnostic procedures are being used but each has its own limitations. Accurate diagnosis relies precisely on a combination of microbiological, histopathological and serological evidence. Aims: This article focuses on specific conventional and advanced techniques concerning a practical approach to the laboratory investigations of fungal infections. Methods: Data was obtained and analyzed from previously published literature and electronic database searches from PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Traditional methods of diagnosis include direct microscopic examination of samples, culture, serology and histopathology. Nowadays with advances in diagnostic methods, molecular diagnostics and antigen detection in clinical samples is being highly recommended. Conclusion: Although, the number of species that are routinely seen causing infection is quite low, yet new species are continually being implicated. This has forced the investigators to develop molecular methods for fungal identification. These methods have and will continue to have a major impact on the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of fungal infection. Analytical parameters of these methods need to be standardized to optimize sensitivity and specificity and comparative studies need to be performed to determine which are best to use in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fibrous histiocytoma is a soft-tissue neoplasm of the biphasic cell population of fibroblasts and histiocytes that affects the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. The objective of this article is to report a case of benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) of the lower lip in a 32-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of swelling in the lower lip for the past 1 month. With diagnostic clinical hypothesis of fibrous hyperplasia, fibrous histiocytoma and mucocele, an excisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological examination revealed a nonencapsulated proliferation of spindle cells with some giant multinucleated cells in the periphery of the lesion. Multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes were noted throughout the lesion. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed, staining only CD68 in the multinucleated giant cells. According to these characteristics, the final diagnosis was BFH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) was applied onto cotton fabric by exhaustion method using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl], to improve its uptake and fixation. Effect of temperature on the exhaustion of nano-ZnO in the presence of ionic liquid was investigated. A spectrophotometric method was established to determine the concentration of nano-ZnO in the exhausted bath. Treated cotton fabrics were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis and UV spectrophotometry. Washing durability test using the AATCC 61-2003 method demonstrated that the amount of nano-ZnO retained in the cotton substrate was sufficient enough to exhibit 50+ UV protection and 99% inhibition against the tested pathogenic micro-organisms. A plausible mechanism for better exhaustion of nano-ZnO on cotton fabric has been proposed on the basis of ionic liquid driven swelling property of the cotton polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at developing an enzyme based single bath scouring and bleaching process for the preparation of absorbent cotton using short staple cotton fibre with high micronaire. Neutral pectinase and cellulase enzymes individually and also in combination for scouring and hydrogen peroxide for bleaching have been used. The enzymatic process has been optimized to get the desired absorbency of less than 10 s as prescribed by pharmacopeia. An attempt has also been made to explore the possibility of combining the enzyme treatment with peroxide bleaching in a single bath. The result indicates that like conventional scouring and bleaching processes the enzymatic process with a mixture of pectinase and cellulase followed by bleaching produces required qualities for the cotton to be used as absorbent cotton. The absorbent cotton thus produced by the above process shows sinking time of 1.8 s, water holding capacity of 24 grams per gram fibre and less than 0.5% sulphated ash. The weight loss for the single bath scouring and bleaching process is found 18% less as compared to conventional process without any significant difference in the whiteness index and absorbency. The carboxyl content of the treated fibres shows that the formation of oxycellulose is lesser in enzymatic process as compared to conventional treatment. The relative crystallinity index obtained from FTIR spectra shows that the change in proportion of crystalline and amorphous regions is lesser in enzyme treated fibres. The developed process is ecofriendly with savings in energy, time and water along with minimum physical and chemical changes in the fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palatal rugoscopy, or palatoscopy, is the process by which human identification can be obtained by inspecting the transverse palatal rugae inside the mouth. The palatal rugae are unique, unchanging, perennial and subject to classification. It appears in the third month of the embryonic period, remaining for the entire life of the individual and for several days after his/her death. When identification cannot be established by fingerprinting or by analysis of dental arches (dental records data), the palatal rugae can be considered as a source of comparative material. This paper reviews the development of rugae, the different classifications and significance of palatoscopy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the authors insights on the need of ethics in the dental outreach program. Topics discussed include the growth of ethics literature in dentistry which raises the interest in ethics in dental education, the educational role of outreach in raising the awareness of existing medical services, and the importance of ethical considerations in community interventions.