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Résumé: Introduction : Le Niger, se situant dans la ceinture de la méningite, est confronté de façon récurrente à des épidémies dont l'ampleur varie en fonction de l'année. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les tendances de la méningite et d'identifier le profil des agents pathogènes incriminés dans les épidémies de méningite au Niger. Méthodes : Nous avons conduit une analyse descriptive des données de méningite de 2008 à 2015. La population d'étude était constituée par les cas suspects et confirmés de méningite. Nous avons procédé à une analyse de tous les cas suspects et confirmés de méningite notifiés au Niger de 2008 à 2015. Résultats : Au total, 6167 (40,6 %) cas confirmés de méningite ont été identifiés. De ce fait, 5507 (89,3 %), 593 (9,6 %) et 66 (1,1 %) étaient respectivement attribuables à Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae et Haemophilus influenzae. Sur les 5507 Neisseria meningitidis , 2984 (54,2 %), 1333 (24,2 %), 1165 (21,1 %), 23 (0,4 %) et 2 (0,03 %) ont été respectivement causés par les sérogroupes Neisseria meningitidis A, W, C, X et B. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis de décrire les tendances de la méningite et d'identifier le profil des agents pathogènes incriminés dans les épidémies de méningite au Niger. Une émergence de Neisseria meningitidis C est constatée. Nous recommandons la vaccination contre ce sérogroupe. Summary: Introduction: Niger, located in the meningitis belt, faces recurrent epidemics of magnitudes that vary with the year. The objective of this study was to describe the trends in meningitis and identify the profile of the microbes implicated in meningitis epidemics in Niger. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study (a secondary analysis) of meningitis data from 2008 through 2015. The study population comprised patients with suspected and confirmed meningitis. We conducted an exhaustive sampling of all suspected and confirmed meningitis cases reported in Niger from 2008 to 2015. Results: A total of 6167 (40.6 %) confirmed cases of meningitis were identified. Among them, 5,507 (89.3 %) were attributable to Neisseria meningitidis, 593 (9.6 %) to Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 66 (1.1 %) to Haemophilus influenzae respectively. Among the Neisseria meningitidis cases, 2,984 (54.2 %) were caused by serogroup A, 1,333 (24.2 %) by serogroup W, 1,165 (21.1 %) by serogroup C, 23 (0.4 %) by serogroup X, and 2 (0.03 %) by the serogroup B. Conclusion: This study enabled us to describe meningitis trends and identify the profile of the bacteria implicated in its epidemics in Niger. We observed the emergence of Neisseria meningitidis C and recommend vaccination against this serogroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) is a highly effective intervention for preventing malaria, particularly in areas with highly seasonal transmission. Monitoring and evaluating (M&E) SMC programmes are complex due to the scale, time-sensitive delivery of the programme, and influence of external factors. This paper describes the process followed to develop a comprehensive M&E framework tailored specifically for the SMC context., Methods: The Framework was developed through a literature and programme review, and stakeholder dialogues across three implementing countries-Burkina Faso, Chad, and Nigeria. Expert consultation further refined the Framework through an iterative approach drawing upon data collected through the three sources. The Framework was designed using the Logical Framework Approach incorporating external factors and intentionally aligned with global malaria M&E standards., Results: An overall aim and seven programme objectives were developed measured by 70 indicators. The indicators also capture the causal links between the implementation and results of the programme. The Framework leverages the use of current data sources and existing mechanisms, ensuring efficient data use without requiring a significant increase in resources for overall programme optimization. It also promotes the use of data triangulation, and stratification for a more nuanced understanding of factors affecting programme performance and timely data informed decision-making., Conclusions: The SMC M&E Framework presented here provides a standardized approach for programme implementers to enhance decision-making for optimal programme performance. This is an essential tool as the scope of SMC programmes expands to new geographies and target age groups., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The consumption of packaged water is growing rapidly in both urban and rural centres in Burkina Faso. Bisphenol A (BPA) and trace metals are among the compounds used in the manufacture of plastic packaging, and their presence in water can pose a health risk to consumers due to their alleged toxicity. Therefore, this study explores the transfer of these compounds from plastic packaging to mineral water in Sudano-Sahelian climatic conditions. Ten samples of packaged sachet water commercialised in Ouagadougou were studied. An absence of BPA in the borehole water used to produce packaged water has been shown. The transfer of BPA into mineral water increases with storage temperature. The BPA that appears in packaged water degrades over time. BPA concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.38 mg/L after two weeks of storage, 0 to 0.8 mg/L after four weeks of storage and 0 to 0.35 mg/L after 8 weeks of storage. Analysis of the trace metals showed steadily increasing concentrations from the second to the sixth weeks, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 9.7 µg/L for cadmium and from 0 to 0.13 mg/L for iron in the sachet water samples.