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Living donation (LD) transplantation is the preferred treatment for kidney failure as compared to donation after brain death (DBD), but age may play a role. We compared the 1-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after kidney transplantation for recipients of LD and DBD stratified by recipient and donor age between 2015 and 2018 in a matched cohort. The strength of the association between donation type and 1-year eGFR differed by recipient age (Pinteraction < 0.0001). For LD recipients aged 40-54 years versus same-aged DBD recipients, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for eGFR =60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.16-1.90). For DBD recipients aged = 60 years, the aOR was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.12-0.29) versus DBD recipients aged 40-54 years but was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.67-1.24) versus LD recipients aged =60 years. In the matched cohort, 4-year graft and patient survival differed by donor age and type. As compared with DBD grafts, LD grafts increased the proportion of recipients with 1-year eGFR =60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Recipients aged =60 years benefited most from LD transplantation, even if the donor was aged =60 years. For younger recipients, large age differences between donor and recipient could also be addressed with a paired exchange program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This national multicentre retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of dual kidney transplantation (DKT) and compare them with those obtained from single kidney transplantation (SKT). Methods Our first analysis concerned all first transplants performed between May 2002 and December 2014, from marginal donors, defined as brain death donors older than 65 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) lower than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The second analysis was restricted to transplants adequately allocated according to the French DKT program based on donor eGFR: DKT for eGFR between 30 and 60, SKT for eGFR between 60 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Recipients younger than 65 years or with a panel-reactive antibody percentage ≥25% were excluded. Results The first analysis included 461 DKT and 1131 SKT. DKT donors were significantly older (77.6 versus 74 years), had a more frequent history of hypertension and a lower eGFR (55.1 versus 63.6 mL/min/1.73 m2). While primary nonfunction and delayed graft function did not differ between SKT and DKT, 1-year eGFR was lower in SKT recipients (39 versus 49 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001). Graft survival was significantly better in DKT, even after adjustment for recipient and donor risk factors. Nevertheless, patient survival did not differ between these groups. The second analysis included 293 DKT and 687 SKT adequately allocated with donor eGFR and displayed similar results but with a smaller benefit in terms of graft survival. Conclusions In a context of organ shortage, DKT is a good option for optimizing the use of kidneys from very expanded criteria donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Transplantation represents the last option for patients with advanced heart failure. We assessed between‐center disparities in access to heart transplantation in France 1 year after registration and evaluated the contribution of factors to these disparities. Adults (n = 2347) registered on the French national waiting list between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, in the 23 transplant centers were included. Associations between candidate and transplant center characteristics and access to transplantation were assessed by proportional hazards frailty models. Candidate blood groups O and A, sensitization, and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were independently associated with lower access to transplantation, while female gender, severity of heart failure, and high serum bilirubin levels were independently associated with greater access to transplantation. Center factors significantly associated with access to transplantation were heart donation rate in the donation service area, proportion of high‐urgency candidates among listed patients, and donor heart offer decline rate. Between‐center variability in access to transplantation increased by 5% after adjustment for candidate factors and decreased by 57% after adjustment for center factors. After adjustment for candidate and center factors, five centers were still outside of normal variability. These findings will be taken into account in the future French heart allocation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examined 1071 adult primary kidney transplants from the French-controlled donation after the circulatory determination of death (cDCD) program, which uses normothermic regional perfusion (NRP), and involves short cold ischemia times (CIT) and constrained asystole times differing by donor age., Methods: Logistic regression identified risk factors for primary nonfunction (PNF), delayed graft function (DGF), and graft failure., Results: Risk factors for PNF included donor hypertension, admission for ischemic vascular stroke, and HLA DR mismatches. Risk factors for DGF included functional warm ischemia time >40 min, dialysis >2 y, recipient body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher, recipient diabetes, and CIT >10 h. Risk factors for 1-y graft failure included donor hypertension, donor lung recovery, ostial calcification, recipient cardiovascular comorbidities, and HLA DR mismatches. A high donor estimated glomerular filtration rate protected against DGF and graft failure at 1-y. After adjustment restricted to recipient and graft factors and donor age, the risks of PNF, DGF, and graft failure increased with donor age up to 65 y and then remained stable., Conclusions: The study suggests that cDCD kidney transplants are highly successful, but also that its outcomes are influenced by lung recovery, poor HLA DR matching, and warm ischemia times differing with donor age. Our study identified several risk factors for kidney transplantation failure after cDCD with systematic use of NRP and some of them seem as modifiable variables associated with cDCD transplant outcome., Competing Interests: The authors declare no funding or conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this study we aimed to compare patient and graft survival of kidney transplant recipients who received a kidney from a living-related donor (LRD) or living-unrelated donor (LUD). Adult patients in the ERA-EDTA Registry who received their first kidney transplant in 1998-2017 were included. Ten-year patient and graft survival were compared between LRD and LUD transplants using Cox regression analysis. In total, 14 370 patients received a kidney from a living donor. Of those, 9212 (64.1%) grafts were from a LRD, 5063 (35.2%) from a LUD and for 95 (0.7%), the donor type was unknown. Unadjusted five-year risks of death and graft failure (including death as event) were lower for LRD transplants than for LUD grafts: 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-4.6) and 10.8% (95% CI: 10.1-11.5) versus 6.5% (95% CI: 5.7-7.4) and 12.2% (95% CI: 11.2-13.3), respectively. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, associations disappeared with hazard ratios of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87-1.13) for patient survival and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94-1.14) for graft survival. Unadjusted risk of death-censored graft failure was similar, but after adjustment, it was higher for LUD transplants (1.19; 95% CI: 1.04-1.35). In conclusion, patient and graft survival of LRD and LUD kidney transplant recipients was similar, whereas death-censored graft failure was higher in LUD. These findings confirm the importance of both living kidney donor types., (© 2020 The Authors. Transplant International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Steunstichting ESOT.)

Introduction: In France, the bioethic law of 2004 authorized the extension of the living donor (LD) pool to members of the extended family and any person justifying of a 2 year-long relationship. The number of living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) increased until reaching a maximum of 246 grafts in 2006 (9% of total activity). Two years later, in 2008, LKG activity slowed down to 7.6% of the total activity (222 grafts)., Methods: We analyzed all LDKT carried out in France since 2000 according to various indicators. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to renal transplant teams in order to identify potential causes for the decrease in LKG observed in France., Results: From 2000 to 2006, over 1400 LDKT were performed in France. However, donor to recipient relations show that the large increase observed in 2006 was not linked to the extension of the LD pool. LDKT activity then started decreasing as soon as 2007. The questionnaire was sent back by 40/44 (91%) renal transplant teams. Their answers led to the identification of potential constrain impacting LDKT activity in France. Among these obstacles: workload and time-consuming to prepare the transplantation and the donor, ethical constrains and lack of appropriate communication and information delivered to the professionals., Discussion: The important increase in LKG activity in 2006 is not clearly understood. However, several approaches to develop the activity in the next years have been identified., (Copyright © 2011 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

In France, the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as the first-choice treatment varies greatly between districts, as it is already known to do between countries. Baseline clinical factors associated with choice of first modality were analyzed in 10 815 new end-stage renal disease patients in 59 districts. To describe practices at the district level, we used an agglomerative hierarchical classification, with proximity defined by a likelihood-ratio test that compared multivariate logistic regressions of the following factors: age, gender, diabetes, congestive heart failure, severe behavioral disorders, mobility, and employment. To propose a typology, each cluster of districts was described by a multivariate logistic regression. While populations starting PD in France, as elsewhere, are more likely to be young or employed, they are also more likely to be elderly or have congestive heart failure or severe behavioral disorders. Overall, 14% of patients start with PD, but this rate varies significantly across districts, from 0% to 45%. A specific combination of factors was associated with the first-choice modality in each group of districts. This study highlights the lack of consensual medical criteria for this choice and the likelihood that nonmedical factors may explain the observed differences. The high variability suggests that PD can be used in almost all clinical conditions. Accordingly, patient preference should play a more important role in the decision-making process.

The French Biomedecine Agency evaluated the outcomes of liver transplantation in France. The one-year graft failure rate in each transplant center was compared with the national rate, after adjusting for recipient, donor and transplant characteristics. All patients transplanted from 1998 to 2002 were included, except when a live donor was used. The validity and completeness of the data were first reviewed by the transplantation centers, and the quality of the database was audited by an independent contractor. The objectives, methodology and results of univariate analysis were discussed with the medical staff in each transplant center before the final analysis. The final statistical analysis used a multivariate logistic regression model including all predictive factors of the one-year graft failure rate. The adjusted failure rate was estimated for each transplant center and compared with the 99% confidence interval of the national failure rate. Twenty-four centres and 3625 transplantations were included. The national failure rate was 19%. Nineteen predictive factors were included in multivariate analysis of the one-year graft failure rate. Two centres were outside the 99% confidence interval of the national failure rate: one was significantly lower and one significantly higher. This study will be repeated each year in order to follow trends in the adjusted one-year failure rates in the different centers. The 3-year graft failure rate will also be studied in the same way. The Biomedecine Agency hopes that this work will encourage transplant centers to improve their quality of care.