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12. The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Barbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos, Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent, José M., Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, del Barrio, José M. García, Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le-Provost, Grégoire, Liesebach, Mirko, Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, Tor, Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, Silvio, Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Mette Tollefsrud, Mari, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe, Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, and Fonti, Patrick

Published
2020
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13. Author Correction: The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

Author

Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Slámová, Lenka, Morganti, Sandro, Grefen, Claudio, Carvalho, Barbara, Dauphin, Benjamin, Rellstab, Christian, Gugerli, Felix, Opgenoorth, Lars, Heer, Katrin, Knutzen, Florian, von Arx, Georg, Valladares, Fernando, Cavers, Stephen, Fady, Bruno, Alía, Ricardo, Aravanopoulos, Filippos, Avanzi, Camilla, Bagnoli, Francesca, Barbas, Evangelos, Bastien, Catherine, Benavides, Raquel, Bernier, Frédéric, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bastias, Cristina C., Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Climent, José M., Corréard, Marianne, Courdier, Florence, Danusevicius, Darius, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, García del Barrio, José M., Gilg, Olivier, González-Martínez, Santiago C., Gray, Alan, Hartleitner, Christoph, Hurel, Agathe, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kärkkäinen, Katri, Kujala, Sonja T., Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lascoux, Martin, Lefebvre, Marlène, Lejeune, Vincent, Le-Provost, Grégoire, Liesebach, Mirko, Malliarou, Ermioni, Mariotte, Nicolas, Matesanz, Silvia, Michotey, Célia, Milesi, Pascal, Myking, Tor, Notivol, Eduardo, Pakull, Birte, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Ramskogler, Kurt, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Savolainen, Outi, Schueler, Silvio, Semerikov, Vladimir, Spanu, Ilaria, Thévenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Veisse, Dominique, Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe, Villar, Marc, Westin, Johan, and Fonti, Patrick

Published
2020
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14. Within- and between-population comparisons suggest independently acting selection maintaining parallel clines in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).

Author

Kujala, Sonja T, Avia, Komlan, Kumpula, Timo A, Kärkkäinen, Hanni, Heikkinen, Juha, Kärkkäinen, Katri, and Savolainen, Outi

Subjects
SCOTS pine, CLIMATE change adaptation, GENETIC correlations, GENETIC variation
Abstract

Parallel clines in traits related to adaptation in a species can be due to independent selection on a pair of traits, or due to selection in one trait resulting in a parallel cline in a correlated trait. To distinguish between the mechanisms giving rise to parallel adaptive population divergence of multiple traits along an environmental gradient we need to study variation, correlations, and selective forces within individual populations along the gradient. In many tree species, budset timing (BST) forms a latitudinal cline, and parallel clinal variation is also found in other seedling traits, such as first-year height (FYH) and fall frost injury (FFI). In this study, we set up a common garden experiment with open pollinated progeny from natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), with one large sample from single population (500 families) and smaller samples from across a latitudinal gradient. BST, FYH and induced FFI were first measured in a greenhouse. The seedlings were then planted in the field, where survival and height were measured at the age of 9 years as fitness proxies. We compared between- and within-population variation and genetic correlations of these three seedling traits, and estimated selection gradients at the family level in our main population, taking into account the potential effects of seed weight. Between-population genetic correlations between seedling traits were high (0.76–0.95). Within-population genetic correlations in the main population were lower (0.14–0.35), as in other populations (0.10–0.39). Within population, extensive adaptive variation persists in the seedling traits, in line with rather weak selection gradients, yet maintaining the clines. Although our sampling does not cover the whole cline equally, the results suggest that the individual clines in these traits are maintained by largely independently acting selection, which results in fewer constraints in adaptation under changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Between but not within species variation in the distribution of fitness effects

Author

James, Jennifer, Kastally, Chedly, Budde, Katharina B., González-Martínez, Santiago C., Milesi, Pascal, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Alizoti, Paraskevi, Alía, Ricardo, Ambrosio, Olivier, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., von Arx, Georg, Audrey, Albet, Auñón, Francisco, Avanzi, Camilla, Avramidou, Evangelia, Bagnoli, Francesca, Bajc, Marko, Ballesteros, Eduardo, Barbas, Evangelos, del Barrio, José M. García, Bastias, Cristina C., Bastien, Catherine, Beffa, Giorgia, Benavides, Raquel, Benoit, Vanina, Bernier, Frédéric, Bignalet, Henri, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bouic, Damien, Brodbeck, Sabine, Brunetto, William, Buchovska, Jurata, Buret, Corinne, Buy, Melanie, Cabanillas-Saldaña, Ana M., Carvalho, Bárbara, Cavers, Stephen, Del Caño, Fernando, Cervantes, Sandra, Cheval, Nicolas, Climent, José M., Correard, Marianne, Cremer, Eva, Danusevičius, Darius, Dauphin, Benjamin, Denou, Jean-Luc, Dokhelar, Bernard, Ducousso, Alexis, Fady, Bruno, Faivre-Rampant, Patricia, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, Fonti, Patrick, Ganopoulos, Ioannis, Gilg, Olivier, De Girardi, Nicolas, Graf, René, Gray, Alan, Grivet, Delphine, Gugerli, Felix, Hartleitner, Christoph, Heer, Katrin, Hollenbach, Enja, Hurel, Agathe, Issenhuth, Bernard, Jean, Florence, Jorge, Véronique, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kappner, Jan-Philipp, Kesälahti, Robert, Knutzen, Florian, Kujala, Sonja T., Kumpula, Timo A., Kärkkäinen, Katri, Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lalanne, Celine, Lambertz, Johannes, Le-Provost, Gregoire, Lejeune, Vincent, Lesur-Kupin, Isabelle, Levillain, Joseph, Liesebach, Mirko, López-Quiroga, David, Malliarou, Ermioni, Marchon, Jérémy, Mariotte, Nicolas, Mas, Antonio, Matesanz, Silvia, Meier, Benjamin, Meischner, Helge, Michotey, Célia, Morganti, Sandro, Myking, Tor, Nievergelt, Daniel, Eskild Nilsen, Anne, Notivol, Eduardo, Ojeda, Dario I., Olsson, Sanna, Opgenoorth, Lars, Ostreng, Geir, Pakull, Birte, Perry, Annika, Pinosio, Sara, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Poinot, Nicolas, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Puzos, Luc, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Rellstab, Christian, Remi, Dourthe, Reutimann, Oliver, Richter, Sebastian, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Rogier, Odile, Sancho, Elisabet Martínez, Savolainen, Outi, Scalabrin, Simone, Schneck, Volker, Schueler, Silvio, Scotti, Ivan, Segundo, Sergio San, Semerikov, Vladimir, Slámová, Lenka, Spanu, Ilaria, Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik, Thevenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Valladares, Fernando, Vendramin, Giovanni G., Villar, Marc, Westergren, Marjana, Westin, Johan, Lascoux, Martin, James, Jennifer, Kastally, Chedly, Budde, Katharina B., González-Martínez, Santiago C., Milesi, Pascal, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Alizoti, Paraskevi, Alía, Ricardo, Ambrosio, Olivier, Aravanopoulos, Filippos A., von Arx, Georg, Audrey, Albet, Auñón, Francisco, Avanzi, Camilla, Avramidou, Evangelia, Bagnoli, Francesca, Bajc, Marko, Ballesteros, Eduardo, Barbas, Evangelos, del Barrio, José M. García, Bastias, Cristina C., Bastien, Catherine, Beffa, Giorgia, Benavides, Raquel, Benoit, Vanina, Bernier, Frédéric, Bignalet, Henri, Bodineau, Guillaume, Bouic, Damien, Brodbeck, Sabine, Brunetto, William, Buchovska, Jurata, Buret, Corinne, Buy, Melanie, Cabanillas-Saldaña, Ana M., Carvalho, Bárbara, Cavers, Stephen, Del Caño, Fernando, Cervantes, Sandra, Cheval, Nicolas, Climent, José M., Correard, Marianne, Cremer, Eva, Danusevičius, Darius, Dauphin, Benjamin, Denou, Jean-Luc, Dokhelar, Bernard, Ducousso, Alexis, Fady, Bruno, Faivre-Rampant, Patricia, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, Fonti, Patrick, Ganopoulos, Ioannis, Gilg, Olivier, De Girardi, Nicolas, Graf, René, Gray, Alan, Grivet, Delphine, Gugerli, Felix, Hartleitner, Christoph, Heer, Katrin, Hollenbach, Enja, Hurel, Agathe, Issenhuth, Bernard, Jean, Florence, Jorge, Véronique, Jouineau, Arnaud, Kappner, Jan-Philipp, Kesälahti, Robert, Knutzen, Florian, Kujala, Sonja T., Kumpula, Timo A., Kärkkäinen, Katri, Labriola, Mariaceleste, Lalanne, Celine, Lambertz, Johannes, Le-Provost, Gregoire, Lejeune, Vincent, Lesur-Kupin, Isabelle, Levillain, Joseph, Liesebach, Mirko, López-Quiroga, David, Malliarou, Ermioni, Marchon, Jérémy, Mariotte, Nicolas, Mas, Antonio, Matesanz, Silvia, Meier, Benjamin, Meischner, Helge, Michotey, Célia, Morganti, Sandro, Myking, Tor, Nievergelt, Daniel, Eskild Nilsen, Anne, Notivol, Eduardo, Ojeda, Dario I., Olsson, Sanna, Opgenoorth, Lars, Ostreng, Geir, Pakull, Birte, Perry, Annika, Pinosio, Sara, Piotti, Andrea, Plomion, Christophe, Poinot, Nicolas, Pringarbe, Mehdi, Puzos, Luc, Raffin, Annie, Ramírez-Valiente, José A., Rellstab, Christian, Remi, Dourthe, Reutimann, Oliver, Richter, Sebastian, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan J., Rogier, Odile, Sancho, Elisabet Martínez, Savolainen, Outi, Scalabrin, Simone, Schneck, Volker, Schueler, Silvio, Scotti, Ivan, Segundo, Sergio San, Semerikov, Vladimir, Slámová, Lenka, Spanu, Ilaria, Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik, Thevenet, Jean, Tollefsrud, Mari Mette, Turion, Norbert, Valladares, Fernando, Vendramin, Giovanni G., Villar, Marc, Westergren, Marjana, Westin, Johan, and Lascoux, Martin

Abstract

New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is therefore of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, i.e., whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterised the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence and genetic background. We find statistical support for there being variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and that evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.

Published
2023

26. Adaptive responses to temperature and precipitation variation at the early-life stages of Pinus sylvestris

Author

European Commission, Academy of Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Servicio Territorial de Medio Ambiente de Segovia, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (España), Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto [0000-0002-5951-2938], Solé-Medina, Aida [0000-0001-6681-2747], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Savolainen, Outi [0000-0001-9851-7945], Heer, Katrin [0000-0002-1036-599X], Opgenoorth, Lars [0000-0003-0737-047X], Danusevicius, Darius [0000-0002-1196-9293], Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José [0000-0002-3909-8928], Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto, Solé-Medina, Aida, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Savolainen, Outi, Heer, Katrin, Opgenoorth, Lars, Danusevicius, Darius, Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José, European Commission, Academy of Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Servicio Territorial de Medio Ambiente de Segovia, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (España), Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto [0000-0002-5951-2938], Solé-Medina, Aida [0000-0001-6681-2747], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Savolainen, Outi [0000-0001-9851-7945], Heer, Katrin [0000-0002-1036-599X], Opgenoorth, Lars [0000-0003-0737-047X], Danusevicius, Darius [0000-0002-1196-9293], Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José [0000-0002-3909-8928], Ramírez Valiente, José Alberto, Solé-Medina, Aida, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Savolainen, Outi, Heer, Katrin, Opgenoorth, Lars, Danusevicius, Darius, and Robledo-Arnuncio, Juan José

Abstract

Early-stage fitness variation has been seldom evaluated at broad scales in forest tree species, despite the long tradition of studying climate-driven intraspecific genetic variation. In this study, we evaluated the role of climate in driving patterns of population differentiation at early-life stages in Pinus sylvestris and explored the fitness and growth consequences of seed transfer within the species range. We monitored seedling emergence, survival and growth over a 2-yr period in a multi-site common garden experiment which included 18 European populations and spanned 25° in latitude and 1700 m in elevation. Climate-fitness functions showed that populations exhibited higher seedling survival and growth at temperatures similar to their home environment, which is consistent with local adaptation. Northern populations experienced lower survival and growth at warmer sites, contrary to previous studies on later life stages. Seed mass was higher in populations from warmer areas and was positively associated with survival and growth at more southern sites. Finally, we did not detect a survival-growth trade-off; on the contrary, bigger seedlings exhibited higher survival probabilities under most climatic conditions. In conclusion, our results reveal that contrasting temperature regimes have played an important role in driving the divergent evolution of P. sylvestris populations at early-life stages.

Published
2021

42. Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research

Author

Kastally, Chedly, Niskanen, Alina K., Perry, Annika, Kujala, Sonja T., Avia, Komlan, Cervantes, Sandra, Haapanen, Matti, Kesalahti, Robert, Kumpula, Timo A., Mattila, Tiina M., Ojeda, Dario, I, Tyrmi, Jaakko S., Wachowiak, Witold, Cavers, Stephen, Karkkainen, Katri, Savolainen, Outi, Pyhajarvi, Tanja, Kastally, Chedly, Niskanen, Alina K., Perry, Annika, Kujala, Sonja T., Avia, Komlan, Cervantes, Sandra, Haapanen, Matti, Kesalahti, Robert, Kumpula, Timo A., Mattila, Tiina M., Ojeda, Dario, I, Tyrmi, Jaakko S., Wachowiak, Witold, Cavers, Stephen, Karkkainen, Katri, Savolainen, Outi, and Pyhajarvi, Tanja

Abstract

Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of Eurasia, with major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive genome presents a challenge for conducting genome-wide analyses such as association studies, genetic mapping and genomic selection. We present a new 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Scots pine research, breeding and other applications. To select the SNP set, we first genotyped 480 Scots pine samples on a 407 540 SNP screening array and identified 47 712 high-quality SNPs for the final array (called 'PiSy50k'). Here, we provide details of the design and testing, as well as allele frequency estimates from the discovery panel, functional annotation, tissue-specific expression patterns and expression level information for the SNPs or corresponding genes, when available. We validated the performance of the PiSy50k array using samples from Finland and Scotland. Overall, 39 678 (83.2%) SNPs showed low error rates (mean = 0.9%). Relatedness estimates based on array genotypes were consistent with the expected pedigrees, and the level of Mendelian error was negligible. In addition, array genotypes successfully discriminate between Scots pine populations of Finnish and Scottish origins. The PiSy50k SNP array will be a valuable tool for a wide variety of future genetic studies and forestry applications.

Published
2022
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46. Genomics of Clinal Local Adaptation in Pinus sylvestris Under Continuous Environmental and Spatial Genetic Setting

Author

European Commission, Academy of Finland, Ghent University, Tyrmi, Jaakko S. [0000-0002-4757-6563], Vuosku, Jaana [0000-0001-9701-5759], Acosta, Juan José [0000-0002-9429-5166], Li, Zhen [0000-0001-8920-9270], Sterck, Lieven [0000-0001-7116-4000], Cervera, María Teresa [0000-0001-6797-2347], Savolainen, Outi [0000-0001-9851-7945], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Tyrmi, Jaakko S., Vuosku, Jaana, Acosta, Juan José, Li, Zhen, Sterck, Lieven, Cervera, María Teresa, Savolainen, Outi, Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, European Commission, Academy of Finland, Ghent University, Tyrmi, Jaakko S. [0000-0002-4757-6563], Vuosku, Jaana [0000-0001-9701-5759], Acosta, Juan José [0000-0002-9429-5166], Li, Zhen [0000-0001-8920-9270], Sterck, Lieven [0000-0001-7116-4000], Cervera, María Teresa [0000-0001-6797-2347], Savolainen, Outi [0000-0001-9851-7945], Pyhäjärvi, Tanja [0000-0001-6958-5172], Tyrmi, Jaakko S., Vuosku, Jaana, Acosta, Juan José, Li, Zhen, Sterck, Lieven, Cervera, María Teresa, Savolainen, Outi, and Pyhäjärvi, Tanja

Abstract

Understanding the consequences of local adaptation at the genomic diversity is a central goal in evolutionary genetics of natural populations. In species with large continuous geographical distributions the phenotypic signal of local adaptation is frequently clear, but the genetic basis often remains elusive. We examined the patterns of genetic diversity in Pinus sylvestris, a keystone species in many Eurasian ecosystems with a huge distribution range and decades of forestry research showing that it is locally adapted to the vast range of environmental conditions. Making P. sylvestris an even more attractive subject of local adaptation study, population structure has been shown to be weak previously and in this study. However, little is known about the molecular genetic basis of adaptation, as the massive size of gymnosperm genomes has prevented large scale genomic surveys. We generated a both geographically and genomically extensive dataset using a targeted sequencing approach. By applying divergence-based and landscape genomics methods we identified several loci contributing to local adaptation, but only few with large allele frequency changes across latitude. We also discovered a very large (ca. 300 Mbp) putative inversion potentially under selection, which to our knowledge is the first such discovery in conifers. Our results call for more detailed analysis of structural variation in relation to genomic basis of local adaptation, emphasize the lack of large effect loci contributing to local adaptation in the coding regions and thus point out the need for more attention toward multi-locus analysis of polygenic adaptation.

Published
2020

48. Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research

Author

Kastally, Chedly, primary, Niskanen, Alina K., additional, Perry, Annika, additional, Kujala, Sonja T., additional, Avia, Komlan, additional, Cervantes, Sandra, additional, Haapanen, Matti, additional, Kesälahti, Robert, additional, Kumpula, Timo A., additional, Mattila, Tiina M., additional, Ojeda, Dario I., additional, Tyrmi, Jaakko S., additional, Wachowiak, Witold, additional, Cavers, Stephen, additional, Kärkkäinen, Katri, additional, Savolainen, Outi, additional, and Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, additional

Published
2022
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49. 275 years of forestry meets genomics inPinus sylvestris

Author

Pyhäjärvi, Tanja, Kujala, Sonja T, and Savolainen, Outi

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Linkage disequilibrium, lcsh:Evolution, Genomics, adaptation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, genomics, lcsh:QH359-425, Genetics, Inbreeding depression, Genome size, genomic prediction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Genetic diversity, Pinus sylvestris, Forestry, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, allele frequency spectrum, breeding, Special Issue Review and Syntheses, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, linkage disequilibrium, inbreeding depression, Reference genome
Abstract

Pinus sylvestris has a long history of basic and applied research that is relevant for both forestry and evolutionary studies. Its patterns of adaptive variation and role in forest economic and ecological systems have been studied extensively for nearly 275 years, detailed demography for a 100 years and mating system more than 50 years. However, its reference genome sequence is not yet available and genomic studies have been lagging compared to, for example, Pinus taeda and Picea abies, two other economically important conifers. Despite the lack of reference genome, many modern genomic methods are applicable for a more detailed look at its biological characteristics. For example, RNA‐seq has revealed a complex transcriptional landscape and targeted DNA sequencing displays an excess of rare variants and geographically homogenously distributed molecular genetic diversity. Current DNA and RNA resources can be used as a reference for gene expression studies, SNP discovery, and further targeted sequencing. In the future, specific consequences of the large genome size, such as functional effects of regulatory open chromatin regions and transposable elements, should be investigated more carefully. For forest breeding and long‐term management purposes, genomic data can help in assessing the genetic basis of inbreeding depression and the application of genomic tools for genomic prediction and relatedness estimates. Given the challenges of breeding (long generation time, no easy vegetative propagation) and the economic importance, application of genomic tools has a potential to have a considerable impact. Here, we explore how genomic characteristics of P. sylvestris, such as rare alleles and the low extent of linkage disequilibrium, impact the applicability and power of the tools.

Published
2019
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50. Maintenance of Adaptive Dynamics and No Detectable Load in a Range-Edge Outcrossing Plant Population

Author

Takou, Margarita, Koch, Evan M., Steige, Kim A., Dittberner, Hannes, Yant, Levi, Genete, Mathieu, Sunyaev, Shamil, Castric, Vincent, Vekemans, Xavier, Savolainen, Outi, and Meaux, Juliette de

Abstract

During range expansion, edge populations are expected to face increased genetic drift, which in turn can alter and potentially compromise adaptive dynamics, preventing the removal of deleterious mutations and slowing down adaptation. Here, we contrast populations of the European subspecies Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea, which expanded its Northern range after the last glaciation. We document a sharp decline in effective population size in the range-edge population and observe that nonsynonymous variants segregate at higher frequencies. We detect a 4.9% excess of derived nonsynonymous variants per individual in the range-edge population, suggesting an increase of the genomic burden of deleterious mutations. Inference of the fitness effects of mutations and modeling of allele frequencies under the explicit demographic history of each population predicts a depletion of rare deleterious variants in the range-edge population, but an enrichment for fixed ones, consistent with the bottleneck effect. However, the demographic history of the range-edge population predicts a small net decrease in per-individual fitness. Consistent with this prediction, the range-edge population is not impaired in its growth and survival measured in a common garden experiment. We further observe that the allelic diversity at the self-incompatibility locus, which ensures strict outcrossing and evolves under negative frequency-dependent selection, has remained unchanged. Genomic footprints indicative of selective sweeps are broader in the Northern population but not less frequent. We conclude that the outcrossing species A. lyrata ssp. petraea shows a strong resilience to the effect of range expansion.

Published
2021

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