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This article describes the issue of reducing exhaust emissions in rally cars. The issue of currently used exhaust gas aftertreatment systems is described, as well as the potential possibility of reducing emissions of harmful substances while driving on special sections. Statistical calculations were also carried out regarding the emissions of harmful substances by rally cars during the entire season of the Polish Rally Championship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of building reading skills in junior schoolchildren with ASD. The study involved the use of parent questionnaire survey to confirm the diagnosis of ASD (the Social Communication Questionnaire, SCQ), diagnosis of reading skills (the Standardized Assessment of the Reading Skills (SARS), Test of Operational Units of Reading), analysis of statistics from official sources. The study showed that the reading skills of children with ASD range mostly within the normative limits, but there are some children with low values. It was established that there are significant differences between the components of the reading skills of children with ASD and children with normative development for the parameters of reading comprehension (M = 4.2, SD = 1.4, t=0.01), reading speed (M = 3.7, SD = 1.6, t=0.05), the method of reading (M = 6.4, SD = 1.9, t=0.05) and the index of operational units of reading (M = 5.5, SD = 1 .8, t=0.01). It was found that there is a correlation between the degree of manifestation of ASD in junior schoolchildren and their reading skills. The higher the manifestations of violations, the lower the indicators of reading skills. The study found that children with ASD have normatively developed reading skills at the level of their peers, but reading speed and reading comprehension are more difficult for them. Severe concomitant manifestations of ASD negatively affect the development of reading skills, which requires special conditions for the development of reading skills in children with ASD. The obtained results can contribute to the development of a programme of support for children with ASD at the level of school inclusive education with the involvement of relevant specialists in order to more fully include them in the educational space and ensure the development of a high level of the reading skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review examines the Current State of the Integrated Healthcare approach and assesses the impact of integrated care models on patient health outcomes. Methodology: A systematic review using PubMed database and Google Scholar database. Using period 2019-2023 and keywords Clinical Medicine AND Diagnosis AND Treatment AND Integrated Approach and "integrated care" AND "diagnosis and treatment" AND "clinical medicine" AND "multidisciplinary care" were employed to identify relevant studies from PubMed and Google Scholar. Finally, 18 articles were sampled. Results: The systematic literature review on integrated diagnosis and therapy in clinical medicine shows many study designs and sample sizes. RCTs, the gold standard, are included in the review, along with Prospective Cohort Studies, Retrospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, and Post-hoc Analyses. Some studies have large populations and rich datasets, whereas others have smaller samples. These studies provide varied approaches and timeframes for applying the integrated approach in clinical practice and discuss integrated healthcare approaches that use multidisciplinary teams, innovative technologies, and targeted interventions to treat chronic disorders and multi-morbidities. Integrated healthcare enhances patient outcomes, adherence to recommendations, and quality of life, emphasizing the need for tailored care in modern medicine. Scientific Novelty: Exploring a complex, integrated clinical medicine diagnosis and treatment approach to find patient care solutions. Conclusion: Clinical medicine's integrated diagnosis and treatment strategy is dynamic and promising. It can improve patient care, lower healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life for people with diverse health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impact and potential of the latest technologies, particularly ChatGPT, in the dynamic field of management accounting. The focus is on understanding how these technologies influence efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes. To achieve this objective, the study employs a two-pronged approach. First, it utilizes differential equations for mathematical modelling to predict and analyze the influence of ChatGPT on productivity and cost dynamics in management accounting. Second, it conducts an empirical survey with 200 accounting professionals to gather insights on the practical use, benefits, and challenges associated with ChatGPT. The findings reveal significant insights into the efficiency and accuracy enhancements brought by ChatGPT, along with its predictive capabilities in various management accounting tasks. The mathematical model highlights the dynamic nature of technology adoption, while the survey results underscore the practical realities and perceptions of accounting professionals regarding AI technologies. The study concludes with valuable insights into how ChatGPT and similar AI technologies can revolutionize management accounting practices, offering both theoretical and practical benefits. These findings are crucial for organizations considering the integration of AI into their accounting practices and for professionals aiming to stay abreast of technological advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The prognostic significance of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) severity in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association of LVDD severity and elevated left atrial pressure (eLAP) with patient outcomes in stable, non-acutely decompensated patients with DCM., Methods: This single-centre, retrospective, observational study involved 740 DCM patients (either inpatients or outpatients) managed at our tertiary cardiac centre between 2010 and 2021. Due to incomplete data, 96 patients were excluded. LVDD and eLAP were assessed using echocardiography according to the 2016 guidelines of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF)-related mortality., Results: The final cohort comprised of 644 DCM patients [mean age: 52 ± 12 years, LV ejection fraction (LVEF): 26 ± 10%]. Over a median follow-up period of 41 (18.5-66.7) months, 105 (16.3%) patients died: 8 (5.3%) patients in the normal left atrial pressure (nLAP) group and 97 (19.6%) patients in the eLAP group. eLAP was identified as an independent prognostic factor for both all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.7; P = 0.01] and HF-related mortality (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.01-6.5; P = 0.04), even after adjusting for LVEF and atrial fibrillation (AF) presence. Additionally, HF-related mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe LVDD compared with those with mild LVDD [5 (3.3%) vs. 67 (13.6%), P < 0.05]., Conclusions: This study's findings highlight the importance of assessing the severity of LVDD in patients with DCM, which provides incremental prognostic information over LVEF., (© 2024 The Author(s). ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.)