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Music classification is essential for faster Music record recovery. Separating the ideal arrangement of highlights and selecting the best investigation technique are critical for obtaining the best results from sound grouping. The extraction of sound elements could be viewed as an exceptional case of information sound information being transformed into sound instances. Music division and order can provide a rich dataset for the analysis of sight and sound substances. Because of the great dimensionality of sound highlights as well as the variable length of sound fragments, Music layout is dependent on the overpowering computation. By focusing on rhythmic aspects of different songs, this article provides an introduction of some of the possibilities for computing music similarity. Almost every MIR toolkit includes a method for extracting the beats per minute (BPM) and consequently the tempo of each music. The simplest method of computing very low-level rhythmic similarities is to sort and compare songs solely by their tempo There are undoubtedly far better and more precise solutions. work discusses some of the most promising ways for computing rhythm similarities in a Big Data framework usaing machine Learning algorithms.

The rate of environmental pollution augmenting at an alarming rate due to the continuous disposal of toxic dyes directly into the environment and water streams. The direct contact of dyes with water resources directly affects the living beings. The identification of superior methods for the treatment of water pollution caused due to effluent dyes needs higher consideration among researchers for the well-being of living flora and fauna. The available methods for controlling the decontamination of water through toxic dyes have various drawbacks. So, it is highly significant to develop such materials which can easily adsorb the dyes without causing any toxic effect on the environment and living beings. While keeping all the facts in mind, the current work highlights the comparative enhancement in adsorption capacity and selectivity of Brij-58-coated selenium nanoparticles (Brij-58@Se NPs) towards the removal of bromophenol blue (BB) dye from series of chosen dyes in aqueous media. The fabricated Se NPs were methodically characterized and the adsorption behaviour displayed fast adsorption efficiency (98% within 6 min) for BB dye out of series of chosen dyes. The optimization studies were carried out to verify the influence of working variables such as pH (2.0-12.0), response time (1-10 min), dosage amount (0.1-80 mg/l) and concentration of BB dye (1-70 ppm). The adsorption process found to be best fitted for Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo first-order kinetic model. The interference studies of different cationic, anionic species including dyes or metal ions suggested the higher efficiency of Brij-58@Se NPs for adsorptive removal of BB dye from aqueous media. The efficacy of the adsorbent was further tested in six different water resources and displayed 95% adsorption efficiency for BB dye in different wastewater samples. Therefore, Brij-58@Se NP is expected as a potential adsorbent for the adsorption of organic dyes from wastewater samples.

The production and application of carbon nanomaterials have engrossed much attention due to their fundamental characteristic properties. With the new advancement in optical and emission properties, the biotic platform has become an innovative boulevard to produce convenient and discriminatory strategies for CDs in biological application. Here, in this regard development of blue fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) has been carried out by applying thermal calcination process. The agar gel waste was utilized as a precursor because it is very difficult to dispose. The better control over the luminescence and physicochemical characteristics of CDs has inspired research work towards their commercialization. They possess excellent quantum yield value (68 %) which reflects their outstanding photoluminescence behaviour. The corresponding effect of formed CDs on haemolysis, blood clotting index, antioxidant and colloidal stability assay has been thoroughly investigated. The complete intactness of CDs in presence of different components of blood suggests the high compatibility. The higher antioxidant activities have supported the higher free radical scavenging activity of developed CDs. The developed CDs have displayed higher fluorescence selectivity towards dopamine (DA) with detection limit of 0.128 μM. and enhanced the potential aptitude in sensing.

OBJECTIVES: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease showing co-existence with metabolic syndrome (MS), as has been confirmed by numerous epidemiologic studies in recent times. In this study, the aim was to ascertain the beneficial effects of pioglitazone in psoriasis, simultaneously targeting the improvement of MS parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized open-labeled parallel-group interventional study in patients of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. A total of 90 patients were inducted in study and divided into three groups of standard treatment (methotrexate 7.5 mg/week for 12 weeks), active treatment (pioglitazone 15 mg tablets once daily for 12 weeks), and their combination. Primary outcome was taken as percentage Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) improvement from baseline; secondary outcomes were PASI-75, safety profile, and MS parameters. RESULTS: Intergroup evaluation of PASI score showed that standard treatment methotrexate and active treatment pioglitazone were comparable. Combination of methotrexate and pioglitazone proved superior in efficacy from both standard and active treatment in 8 and 12 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were mild and treated symptomatically. Pioglitazone and combination group also demonstrated beneficial efficacy in parameter of MS hence establishing it as a potential therapy in psoriasis with MS. CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone alone or in combination with standard treatment may be a safe alternative drug for psoriasis coexisting with MS proving beneficial for both.

The revolutionary growth in the usage of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in different areas have ultimately directed their discharge in the environment and further augmented the exposure of agricultural crops to these released particles. Therefore, the aim of current study is to evaluate the uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity of blue emissive CQDs on Allium sativum plant. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of CQDs towards Allium sativum roots was estimated as function of three different concentrations. Considering the role of CQDs in promoting seed germination at 50 ppm concentration, a greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate their effect on plant growth. Systematic investigations have shown the translocation of CQDs and their physiological response in terms of increased shoot length wherein P-CQDs exhibited more accumulation into Allium sativum parts. Our investigations unfold the opportunity to utilize Aegle marmelos fruit derived CQDs as a growth regulator in variety of other food plants.

Agronomical providence of nanoparticles in enhancing food productivity has brought new revolution in agricultural sector. However, the comprehensive ingenuity of their synergetic impact on environment and living flora and fauna is still poorly explored. The current study endeavours to tackle this apprehension by systematically exploring the agronomical paradigm of six different types of C-dots derived from natural biomass and plastic waste on the four different types of seeds viz. black chick peas (Cicer arietinum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), mung beans (Vigna radiata) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) at room temperature. C-dots have displayed a dose responsive effect (250 to 5000 mg/L) on the growth of chosen seeds, including the elongation of root length and coleoptile length. The development of seedlings under atmospheric conditions exhibited excellent physiological stability in presence of synthesized C-dots for all types of seeds with concentrations as high as 3000 mg/L for dry seed. The direct exposure of C-dots resulted in enhanced growth as compared to the water exposure and considered as the most important novel aspect of present work. The developed C-dots provide more nutrient content and easy penetration to the seeds due to their enhanced surface area and very small size. The germination and Vigor index have also been augmented in presence of C-dots after 7 days of exposure. C-dots have affected the chlorophyll content in mung beans as a function of time and concentration. The developed C-dots possess excellent biocompatible behaviour and help in the complete growth of the different types of seeds which suggest their enhanced utilization in the agronomical field. This is one of the detailed studies, which explore the impact of C-dots on widely used food crops with the non-toxic and biocompatible C-dots. The information achieved herein will allow the usage of C-dots as a capable nanopriming agent for the natural germination of seeds.

In this study, the solid waste plastic was converted into activated carbon fibres through carbonization and chemical activation process. The morphological structure, composition, thermal stability and pore structure of the produced activated carbon materials were characterized. The results revealed that the activation process substantially increases the specific surface area of carbon materials via forming large micropores and mesopores (0.01-0.85 cm

Selective affinity of a novel coumarin-functionalized fluorescent sensor, 8-((E)-((thiophen-2-yl)methylimino)methyl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (L), to copper(II) ions via fluorescence quenching in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4 has been demonstrated. This coordination chemistry between the coumarin-based ligand L and copper(II) ions has been subsequently exploited for the generation of a unique chemical ensemble, L·Cu2+, which qualifies the former as a sensitive and selective fluorogenic sensor for the toxic organophosphate pesticide azamethiphos in aqueous medium. The sequestering of the native fluorescence of receptor probe L upon entrapment of copper(II) within the former was altered upon sequential administration of azamethiphos into the environment of the host complex, L·Cu2+. The physico-chemical interactions between the sensor complex L·Cu2+ and azamethiphos, as corroborated by 31P NMR studies and fluorescence spectroscopy, serve as the basis for ideal chemical discrimination of azamethiphos, amongst a pool of several ecotoxic organophosphate pesticides.

The water quality is one of the major criteria for the environmental evaluation based on the parametric changes in the physicochemical and biological properties of water. The distribution patterns of physicochemical and biological characteristics of the various rivers in the Imphal Valley have been studied in this work. The objective of the work is to determine the surface water quality of Imphal Valley to assess its suitability for domestic purposes. The physicochemical parameters of water such as water temperature, pH, hardness, alkalinity, EC, TDS, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and nitrate were analysed for the experimentation. The biological characteristics were estimated from the Total coliform and Escherichia coli content of water. The physicochemical parameters were within the acceptable limits on the other hand Total coliform, and E. coli values were exceeding from the acceptable and permissible limits as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The study suggests untreated domestic disposal from market and household to the water body causes heavy pollution in rivers of Imphal Valley.

The nanoparticles of Ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) with spherical architectures have been synthesized by using hydrothermal procedure. The prepared Yb2O3 nanoparticles were further doped with Gd3+ ions for exploring the potential of the nanoparticles in terms of tuning the optical properties such as band gap. Here, we demonstrated that the dopant inside the nanoparticles affects the optical properties and show how it has a relevant consequence on the overall peak position of Yb2O3 as a function of dopant concentrations. We have also examined the crystallite changes in Yb2O3 nanoparticles by employing the X-ray peak profile analysis. The respective Williamson–Hall studies and size–strain plot were employed to study the individual roles of crystallite sizes and lattice strain over Yb2O3 nanoparticles as a function of Gd3+ ion doping. The factors including strain, stress and energy density value were computed for both bare and Gd3+ ion doped Yb2O3 nanoparticles. The toxicological profiling of bare and Gd3+ doped Yb2O3 nanoparticles were carried out by multiple assays including antibacterial, antifungal, seed germination assay and A. Cepa genotoxic studies. The results have demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility of prepared nanoparticles and signifying their potential applications in biomedical field.

A sulfur-functionalised analogue of the naturally available 1,4-naphthoquinone (N) has been synthesized and evaluated as a sensitive and highly selective fluorimetric sensor against the environmentally toxic barium (II) ion in a semi-aqueous medium. The host ligand exhibits a distinct enhancement in its native fluorescence in the presence of barium ions in ethanol/H2O (1:1,v/v). Its sensing activity was further corroborated by a minimum interference offered by a diverse array of other competing metal cations during the fluorimetric sensing of barium ions. The stoichiometry of N:Ba2+ ion system was calculated from the Benesi-Hildebrand plot to be 2:1 with a binding constant of 3.29 mM. The detection limit of the potential fluorescence probe N against aqueous barium ions was observed to be 4.22 mM. In conclusion we propose that sulfur-containing naphthoquinone act as a potential turn-on fluorescence sensor for the selective detection of toxic barium ions in semi-aqueous medium.

Here, we report the biogenic preparation of luminescent copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles via peel extracts of Musa acuminate. The current methodology provides the sustainable alternative of using agricultural fritter as effective stabilizing and reducing agent during the synthesis of CuO particles. The parameters governing the optimization of CuO nanoparticles were scrutinized by varying the concentrations of copper salt, stirring rate and pH of the reaction media. The toxicity profiling of CuO nanoparticles over the germination of Vigna radiate. Allium cepa genotoxicity and antibacterial assay were also examined to verify the biocompatibility of prepared CuO particles. The in-vitro biocompatibility of the developed nanoparticles was tested against mouse L929 fibroblastic cell lines by using MTT assay in range of 1–80 μg/mL. The distinctive optical and luminescence properties have been employed for sensing application for heavy metal ions using UV–vis. and fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis. The value of detection of limit for the developed sensor was found to be 2 μg/L. The low values of detection limits facilitate the practical utilization of CuO nanoparticles for sensing applications. As prepared CuO nanoparticles can act as a biocompatible fluorophore nominee to substitute existing dyes. The current study provides the additional advancement towards the sensing of toxic metal using green and safe CuO nanoparticles.

Current study displayed the application of hydrothermal method for the preparation of highly crystalline nanocrystals of Eu3+ doped cerium oxide (Eu@CeO2) particles. The influence of doping percentage and annealing effects were studied on the crystalline nature and morphology of particles. The size, optical properties and lattice parameters were calculated as a function of dopant concentrations and their discrepancies were explained in detail. Integration of Eu3+ ions on CeO2 could unlock a new trail to optimize the photoluminescence properties of formed nanocrystals. The generated oxygen vacancies (Vo) have the ability to affect the characteristic features of cerium oxide in solid state. The variations in the nature of surface defect in presence of Eu3+ ions with CeO2 nanoparticles were explained with the results of XPS studies. The obtained results validated that defect-induced band gap modification by Eu3+ ion doping on CeO2 could be employed as effective chemical sensor for harmful metal ions in real water samples.

The current work aims to synthesize highly fluorescent and surface-functionalized gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3 NPs) with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The surface modification of Gd2O3 nanoparticles with MPTMS enhanced the stability and solubility of the nanoprobe in aqueous media. The size of the nanoprobe was controlled to 7 ± 1 nm using MPTMS coating. These valued points made the MPTMS@Gd2O3 nanoparticles as economical, highly sensitive, selective nanoprobe with a quick response time for the detection of cysteine via the simple fluorescence-based methodology. The proposed strategy has offered the reliable detection of cysteine in the concentration range of 1–100 µm with a detection limit of 42 nm. The selective sensing of cysteine in human serum has jointly acknowledged the potential prospect of developing sensors in body fluids with great accuracy.

The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has blown the tri-city of Chandigarh with terrible shock waves among the residents. Being one of the top-notch per capita income cities in India, Chandigarh was found to be more vulnerable in this second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. This second wave of pandemic has caused high inflow of patients from nearby states and produced supplementary burden on the health care facilities in the city beautiful. The central aim of this work is to highlight the impact of this second wave of pandemic on the health of residents. The study represents the impact of second wave of COVID-19 on tri-city of Chandigarh by focusing on the main points of, (1) reported active cases from February to May, 2021, (2) number of deaths during this phase, (3) challenges faced during this time and (4) management and governance measures during this time. This kind of study helps to comprehend the impacts of second wave on Chandigarh and emphasized on the major lessons that can be learned during this phase. In one hand the study discussed the vulnerable impact of pandemic on clinical and economical situation of city, whereas on other hand it explains the timely measures taken by the administration to curb the surge of this second wave. Overall, this second wave of pandemic lead to an outstanding opening for tri-city planners and policy architectures to take necessary and timely actions towards making the city more susceptibility to pandemics.

The rapid advancement in textile and printing trades has displayed damaging effect to the marine environment as the manufacturing waste including toxic dyes percolated into the surrounding. The presence of high amount of dye toxins in aqueous media possesses harmful effect on the health of living beings. Therefore, the main aim of the current chapter deals with the emerging potential of nano-based techniques for the effective removal of dyes from polluted water. The large surface area, high chemical stability and superior catalytic activities made the nanomaterials as potential candidate for the removal of dyes. The correlation between the morphology and size of nanomaterials has also been discussed with reference to their dye removal efficiency. The corresponding effect of dosage amount, type of solvent, pH of the reaction media and presence of interfering ions has also been discussed with reference to the dye removal efficiency in presence of nanomaterials. The chapter has highlighted the detailed effect of nano-based methodologies that had been used for the treatment of waste water having toxic dyes as effluent. The current chapter has provided the in-depth review in the field of sustainable way for waste water treatments.

In the current scenario, the promising physicochemical properties of carbon dots (C-dots) have displayed a colossal range of potential applications in the area of biomedicine. Differently from the available conventional types of dyes with low-range stability and toxic nature, carbon dots possess superior biocompatibility with high-range thermal stability and have successfully been utilized for in vivo and in vitro imaging. The present chapter will highlight the latest research on the fabrication of carbon dots by using natural resources. The structural, optical, and fluorescence properties of carbon dots will be discussed in detail, in addition to the potential roles of carbon dots in bioimaging with special emphasis on the in vivo imaging of cancerous cells. The existing challenges being faced and the future prospects in this fast developing area of research are anticipated to provide an essential impetus for motivating innovative discoveries on carbon dots both from the elementary and the realistic perspectives.

The reliable means for the quick recognition of pathogenic bacteria for disease prevention has acquired a considerable significance among researchers for human wellbeing. The purpose of current study is to fabricate highly photo-luminescent and biocompatible carbon dots (CQDs) from single used plastic waste such as poly bags, cups and bottles for selective sensing of E. coli. The formed small sized spherical CQDs have possessed high water solubility with excellent photo stable nature. The detailed fluorescence emission studies of CQDs have illustrated the overview of different types of surface defects and emissive states in formed particles. In addition, the specific role of prepared CQDs with bio-compatible nature has been thoroughly checked on hemolysis of red blood cells by employing in-vitro blood compatibility assay. A combination of anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity of CQDs with anti-oxidative activities from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were found to be responsible for the biocompatibility of formed CQDs. The effective in vitro stability toward histidine, cysteine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and saline supported the biocompatibility of formed particles as a function of different concentrations of CQDs. The optimized fluorescence properties with high surface to volume ratio of CQDs have provided a better alternative for "turn-off" fluorescence detection of E. coil in aqueous media with limit of detection down to 108 CFU/mL estimated by using standard colony-counting method. The as prepared nanosensor provided easy fabrication with fast response, high sensitivity and selectivity in real water samples which might be necessary for detecting pathogenic agents. In addition, the current work has provided the large overview in blood compatibility and anti-oxidative potential of prepared CQDs and giving useful information for preparing blood-compatible nanoparticles with enhanced bacterial discrimination ability.

Recently, the environmental pollutions (air, water and soil) caused by the release of large amount of toxins, through extensive industrialization, have received a great attention by the environmental scientists. Thus, there is a serious need for efficient environmental remediation approaches. Recently, nanomaterials have obtained immense interest due to their enormous prospective in the environmental remediation. Researchers have developed biocompatible and safer tools for the development of nanomaterials. This review article is demonstrating that how different biocompatible nanomaterials are synthesized and used for the ecological remediation applications. Different schemes are explained for the synthesis of nanomaterials with high biocompatibility and their application in the field of environmental remediation. The use of various functional nanomaterials for the treatment of environmental pollutions (air, water and soil) is discussed in detail.

Carbon Dots (CDs) the kind of recently exposed fluorescent nanomaterials have become increasingly popular in the precedent decade due to their distinctive physical and optical properties. Relating to above recognition for the first time we present the synthesis of CDs by cationic surfactant, Cetylpyridinium Bromide (CPB). Due to good carbon content amphiphilicity, and existence of heteroaromatic π system, CPB reveals three advantageous properties including a good carbon source, stabilizing agent, and contributing fluorophore in the CDs system. The as prepared CDs synthesized by hydrothermal technique reveals excellent fluorescent properties having strong green emission at 525 nm when excited over 470 nm. The FTIR results showed the presence of C C, C O, N H, C H and O H bonds. The presence of hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present on the surface confer them water solubility. The HRTEM results revealed the size of prepared CDs to be in the range of 7–10 nm. The XPS spectrum confirms the presence of Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen, suggesting that the CDs have good purity and very little impurities. Latterly CDs were used for the selective and sensitive detection towards Fe2+ ions. Also the as prepared CDs were utilized for real sample analysis.

The attention of current work was on the fabrication of effective nanoadsorbent of hydroxyapatite (HAp) for the controlled release of atrazine (ATZ) formulation. The ATZ-HAp complex (ATZ@HAp) was able to inhibit the growth of Brassica sp. under in situ conditions. This developed methodology aspires to cease the agricultural runoffs of ATZ applied with the HAp adjuvant and ensure their effective functioning. The efficacy of the protocol was mainly accomplished by adsorbing ATZ over the surface of HAp NPs that restricted its premature runoff and promoted the prolonged herbicidal efficiency. The influence of fundamental parameters i.e., HAp dose, ATZ dose and initial pH on the adsorption process was investigated systematically. The suitability of ATZ@HAp complex for real world application was adjudged after proofing its toxicological behaviour and its role in Zea mays plantations. The complex was found to be non-toxic and nurturing due to its phosphate rich nature. Further investigations of ATZ@HAp complex and its effect on the non-target species will help in establishing an effective framework for their commercial use in agricultural practices.

Herein, a uniform spherical shaped Gd(III) doped Yb

The profitable impact on ecological system made the upcycling of plastic waste as one of the captivating issues in scientific world. The current work highlights the sustainable approach to transform the plastic waste comprises of bottles, used cups and polyethylene bags via simple heating to fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots). The obtained C-dots have displayed the absorption peaks around at 260 nm with size ranging between 5 and 30 nm. The upcycling has produced the structural changes in plastic waste and affected the optical properties of C-dots. The three types of used plastic waste as precursor have displayed excellent emission properties with peak positioned around 422 nm and quantum yield (QY) values ∼62, 65 and 64% for C-dots generated from plastic polybags, cups and bottles (P-CDs, C-CDs and B-CDs) respectively. The toxicity profiling of C-dots has been successfully tested by employing multi-assay biocompatible activities i.e. antibacterial and antifungal activities. The potential prospective of C-dots derived from plastic waste have further been explored in analytical applications involving selective copper metal ion sensing in aqueous media. The outcomes of the current studies have highlighted the potential accomplishment in preserving environment fate and giving response towards the budding social hitch of plastic waste.

Herein a simple strategy has been demonstrated for the synthesis of environmentally amiable and highly fluorescent carbon dots from the most useful plant of Indian classical Ayurveda i.e. Bael patra fruit. The morphological features and chemical composition of the prepared carbon dots were characterized through High resolution transmission electron microscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Owing to their highly emission nature, the applicability of carbon dots was tested against various food colorant i.e. Allura red. Under the optimized conditions, the decreased fluorescence intensity exhibited a good linear relationship with increasing concentration of Allura red. Additionally, an extensive research was carried out to determine the adsorption efficiency of carbon dots for Allura red and heavy metals. Based on the context, here we report the novelty of this work, demonstrating the decontamination of various samples from Allura red and heavy metals with the application of carbon dots.

The utilization of selenium nanomaterials (Se Nps) in material and biological science is quickly growing, crafting an imperative need for toxicological evaluation of the exposure prospective and environmental consequences of Se Nps. The combination of quantitative multi-assay approach into environmental toxicological analysis has provided novel opportunities to build up effective markers and scrutinize the means of venomous nature of Se Nps in the current study. In the present work, we analyzed the toxicological effect of bare and surface functionalized Se Nps by using multi assay viz. seed germination studies as a function of concentration of SeNps and by using antifungal assays. The influence of SeNps on bacterial activities were also investigated by using the S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi bacterial strains as widespread marker species for antibacterial studies. The ocular assessment of chlorophyll content was maximum for Brij coated Se NPs (98%) as compared to bare (20%), SDS (45%) and CTAB (38%) coated SeNps. The existence of chromosomal aberrations in root meristems of A. cepa(A. cepa) with computed MI values of 16, 25, 33 and 52% for bare, CTAB, SDS and Brij coated particles has indicated the genotoxic effects of SeNps. The biocompatible nature of Brij coated Se Nps was observed from the faster mobility of DNA in gel electrophoresis studies. The investigational studies in the current work appraise the toxicity and measure the competence of obtained data to characterize possibilities of probable threats, prominence of data requirement and breaches that must be filled to diminish the ambiguities about the safe use of Se Nps.