Search

Your search keyword '"Savini T"' showing total 23 results
Start Over Author "Savini T"
23 results on '"Savini T"'

2. COVID-19 Highlights the Need for More Effective Wildlife Trade Legislation

Author

Borzee, A, McNeely, J, Magellan, K, Miller, JRB, Porter, L, Dutta, T, Kadinjappalli, KP, Sharma, S, Shahabuddin, G, Aprilinayati, F, Ryan, GE, Hughes, A, Abd Mutalib, AH, Wahab, AZA, Bista, D, Chavanich, SA, Chong, JL, Gale, GA, Ghaffari, H, Ghimirey, Y, Jayaraj, VK, Khatiwada, AP, Khatiwada, M, Krishna, M, Lwin, N, Paudel, PK, Sadykova, C, Savini, T, Shrestha, BB, Strine, CT, Sutthacheep, M, Wong, EP, Yeemin, T, Zahirudin, NZ, Zhang, L, Borzee, A, McNeely, J, Magellan, K, Miller, JRB, Porter, L, Dutta, T, Kadinjappalli, KP, Sharma, S, Shahabuddin, G, Aprilinayati, F, Ryan, GE, Hughes, A, Abd Mutalib, AH, Wahab, AZA, Bista, D, Chavanich, SA, Chong, JL, Gale, GA, Ghaffari, H, Ghimirey, Y, Jayaraj, VK, Khatiwada, AP, Khatiwada, M, Krishna, M, Lwin, N, Paudel, PK, Sadykova, C, Savini, T, Shrestha, BB, Strine, CT, Sutthacheep, M, Wong, EP, Yeemin, T, Zahirudin, NZ, and Zhang, L

Abstract

Zoonosis-based epidemics are inevitable unless we revisit our relationship with the natural world, protect habitats, and regulate wildlife trade, including live animals and non-sustenance products. To prevent future zoonoses, governments must establish effective legislation addressing wildlife trade, protection of habitats, and reduction of the wildlife-livestock-human interface.

Published
2020

4. Frequency of fungicide application for controlling downy mildew in seedless grape plant 'BRS Vitória'

Author

SOUZA, R. T. de, NAVES, R. de L., CONCEIÇÃO, M. A. F., COSTA, S. M. da, SAVINI, T. C., REGINALDO TEODORO DE SOUZA, CNPUV, ROSEMEIRE DE LELLIS NAVES, CNPUV, MARCO ANTONIO FONSECA CONCEICAO, CNPUV, Sabrina Marcolino da Costa, Student of Agronomy, Camilo Castelo Branco University, Estrada Projetada s / n, Fazenda Santa Rita, Fernandópolis-SC. E-mail: sahmarcolino39@gmail.com, and Taynara Cruz Savini, Student of Technology in Agribusiness, Faculty of Technology of Jales, Rua Vicente Leporace, 2630, Jardim Trianon.. E-mail: tay.savini@live.com.br.

Subjects
Plasmopara viticola, Controle Químico, Chemical control, Plant resistance, Mildews, Seedless grape, BRS Vitória, Resistência de plantas, Downy mildew
Abstract

Different application frequencies of metalaxyl + mancozeb were evaluated to control downy mildew in vine plants ‘BRS Vitória’ in two experiments conducted in Jales, São Paulo, one in the production cycle and another in branches formation cycle. In experimental design of randomized blocks, five treatments were compared (1- two weekly applications; 2- one weekly application; 3- one application every 14 days; 4- one application every 21 days; 5- applications after sporulation) with four replications, each plot with three plants. According to the analysis of the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), in both experiments, there were statistically significant differences between the disease control levels provided by the different treatments (P ? 0.05), being the control more efficient when there were two weekly sprayings with metalaxyl + mancozeb, followed by one weekly spraying. Regarding the number of sprayings of the treatment “spraying after sporulation” there was a reduction of over 90% when compared to standard treatment, “two weekly sprayings.” This reduction, however, did not result in a significant increase in the percentage of affected leaf area, which was less than 3%, causing no damage to the plant and not interfering with the quality and the physicochemical characteristics of clusters. Index Terms: Plasmopara viticola, chemical control, plant resistance Frequência de aplicação de fungicida para controle de míldio na cultivar de uva sem semente ‘BRS Vitória’ Avaliaram-se diferentes frequências de aplicação de metalaxil + mancozebe para o controle de míldio em plantas de videira de ‘BRS Vitória’, em dois experimentos conduzidos em Jales, São Paulo, sendo um no ciclo de produção e outro no ciclo de formação de ramos. Em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, foram comparados cinco tratamentos (1- duas aplicações semanais; 2- uma aplicação semanal; 3- uma aplicação a cada 14 dias; 4- uma aplicação a cada 21 dias; 5- aplicações após esporulação), com quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída por três plantas. Conforme a análise da área abaixo da curva do progresso da doença (AACPD), nos dois experimentos, houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os níveis de controle do míldio proporcionados pelos diferentes tratamentos (P? 0,05), sendo que o controle foi mais eficiente quando foram realizadas duas pulverizações semanais com metalaxil + mancozebe, seguido por uma pulverização semanal. Em relação ao número de pulverizações, no tratamento “pulverização após a esporulação”, houve a redução de mais de 90% quando comparado ao tratamento-padrão, “duas pulverizações semanais”. Esta redução, contudo, não implicou um aumento significativo da porcentagem de área foliar afetada, que foi inferior a 3%, não causando prejuízo para a planta e não interferindo na qualidade e nas características físico-químicas dos cachos. Termos de indexação: Plasmopara vitícola, controle químico, resistência de plantas. Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-01T00:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souzaetal2018.pdf: 766825 bytes, checksum: 6775fd233ef1c2880ebc75cc9d00f411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

Published
2018

5. Sampling mammalian carnivores in western Thailand: Issues of rarity and detectability

Author

Chutipong, W., Antony Lynam, Steinmetz, R., Savini, T., and Gale, G. A.

Subjects
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract

Chutipong, Wanlop, Lynam, Antony J., Steinmetz, Robert, Savini, Tommaso, Gale, George A. (2014): Sampling mammalian carnivores in western Thailand: Issues of rarity and detectability. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 521-535, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5354365, {"references":["Abramov AV, Duckworth JW, Wang YX & Roberton SI (2008) The Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa: taxonomy, ecology, distribution and status. Small Carnivore Conservation, 38: 247-266.","Arnold TW (2010) Uninformative parameters and model selection using Akaike's Information Criterion. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74: 1175-1178.","Berger J, Stacey PB, Bellis L & Johnson MP (2001) A mammalian predator-prey imbalance: grizzly bear and wolf extinction affect avian Neotropical migrants. Ecological Applications, 11: 947-960.","Brodie J & Giordano A (2011) Small carnivores of the Maliau Basin, Sabah, Borneo, including a new locality for Hose's Civet Diplogale hosei. Small Carnivore Conservation, 44: 1-6.","Brodie J & Giordano A (2012) Density of the Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi in a protected area in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Oryx, 46: 427-430.","Burnham KP & Anderson DR (2004) Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociological Methods & Research, 33: 261-304.","Cam E, Nichols JD, Sauer JR, Hines JE & Flather CH (2000) Relative species richness and community completeness: Birds and urbanization in the mid-Atlantic states. Ecological Applications, 10: 1196-1210.","Carbone C, Christie S, Conforti K, Coulson T, Franklin N, Ginsberg JR, Griffiths M, Holden J, Kawanishi K, Kinnaird M, Laidlaw R, Lynam A, Macdonald DW, Martyr D, McDougal C, Nath L, O'Brien T, Seidensticker J, Smith DJL, Sunquist M, Tilson R & Shahruddin WNW (2001) The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals.Animal Conservation, 4: 75-79.","Cheyne SM, Husson SJ, Chadwick RJ & Macdonald DW (2010) Diversity and activity of small carnivores of the Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Small Carnivore Conservation, 43: 1-7.","Cheyne SM & Macdonald DW (2011) Wild felid diversity and activity patterns in Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Oryx, 45: 119-124.","Conforti K (1996) The status and distribution of small carnivores in Huai Kha Khaeng/Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuaries, west-central Thailand. Unpublished MS Thesis. University of Minnesota, USA, 65 pp.","Conroy MJ & Carroll JP (2009) Quantitative Conservation of Vertebrates. Wiley-Blackwell, Malaysia, 342 pp.","Crait JR & Ben-David M (2007) Effects of river otter activity on terrestrial plants in trophically altered Yellowstone lake. Ecology, 88: 1040-1052.","Croll DA, Estes JA, Danner EM, Maron JL & Byrd GV (2005) Introduced predators transform subarctic islands from grassland to tundra. Science, 307: 1959-1961.","Datta A, Anand MO & Naniwadekar R (2008a) Empty forests: large carnivore and prey abundance in Namdapha National Park, north-east India. Biological Conservation, 141: 1429-1435.","Datta A, Naniwadekar R & Anand MO (2008b) Occurrence and conservation status of small carnivores in two protected areas in Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 39: 1-10.","Di Marco M, Boitani L, Mallon D, Hoffmann M, Iacucci A, Meijaard E, Visconti P, Schipper J & Rondinini C (2014) A retrospective evaluation of the global decline of carnivores and ungulates. Conservation Biology, doi: 10.1111/cobi.12249.","Duckworth JW & Robichaud WG (2005) Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah sightings in Phongsaly province, Laos, with notes on the species' range in South-East Asia, and recent records of other small carnivores in the province. Small Carnivore Conservation, 33: 17-20.","Duckworth JW, Poole CM, Tizard RJ, Walston JL & Timmins RJ (2005) The Jungle Cat Felis chaus in Indochina: a threatened population of a widespread and adaptable species. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14: 1263-1280.","Duckworth JW, Lee BPY-H, Meijaard E & Meiri S (2006) The Malay Weasel Mustela nudipes: distribution, natural history and a global conservation status review. Small Carnivore Conservation, 34&35: 2-21.","Duckworth JW & AR Nettelbeck (2007) Observations of smalltoothed palm civets Arctogalidia trivirgata in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, with notes on feeding techniques. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 55: 187-192.","Duckworth JW, Timmins RJ, Long B, Yonzon P, Roberton S & Tran Quang Phuong (2008) Melogale personata. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41627/0. (Accessed 10 September 2013).","Fiske IJ & Chandler RB (2011) unmarked: An R Package for Fitting Hierarchical Models of Wildlife Occurrence and Abundance. Journal of Statistical Software, 43: 1-23.","Ghimirey Y & Acharya R (2012) Records of Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica and Yellow-bellied Weasel M. kathiah from Makalu-Barun National Park, Nepal. Small Carnivore Conservation, 47: 65-66.","Grassman Jr. LI, Haines AM, Janecka JE & Tewes ME (2006) Activity periods of photo-captured mammals in north central Thailand. Mammalia, 70: 306-309.","Gray TNE & Phan C (2011) Habitat preferences and activity patterns of the larger mammal community in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 59: 311-318.","Gray TNE, Ou R, Huy K, Pin C & Maxwell AL (2012) The status of large mammals in eastern Cambodia: a review of camera trapping data 1999-2007. Cambodian Journal of Natural History, 1: 42-55.","Holden J & Neang Thy (2009) Small carnivore records from the Cardamom Mountains, Southwestern Cambodia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 40: 16-21.","IUCN, 2013. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist.org (Accessed 10 September 2013)","Jenks KE, Chanteap P, Damrongchainarong K, Cutter P, Cutter P, Redford T, Lynam AJ, Howard J & Leimgruber P (2011) Using relative abundance indices from camera-trapping to test wildlife conservation hypotheses - an example from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Tropical Conservation Science, 4: 113-131.","Johnson A, Vongkhamheng C, Hedemark M & Saithongdam T (2006) Effects of human-carnivore conflict on tiger (Panthera tigris) and prey populations in Lao PDR. Animal Conservation, 9: 421-430.","Johnson A, Vongkhamheng C & Saithongdam T (2009) The diversity, status and conservation of small carnivores in a montane tropical forest in northern Laos. Oryx, 43: 626-633.","Kanchanasaka B (1997) Ecology of otters in the upper Khwae Yai River, Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 45: 79-92.","Kawanishi K & Sunquist ME (2004) Conservation status of tigers in a primary rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia. Biological Conservation, 120: 329-344.","Kindt R & Coe R (2005) Tree diversity analysis. A manual and software for common statistical methods for ecological and biodiversity studies. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, 207 pp.","Kitamura S, Thong-Aree S, Madsri S & Poonswad P (2010) Mammal diversity and conservation in a small isolated forest of southern Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 58: 145-156.","Kruuk H, Kanchanasaka B, O'Sullivan S & Wanghongsa S (1994) Niche separation in three sympatric otters Lutra perspicillata, L. lutra and Aonyx cinerea in Huai Kha Khaeng, Thailand. Biological Conservation, 69: 115-120.","Lekagul B & McNeely JA (1988) Mammals of Thailand.Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Bangkok, Thailand, 758 pp.","Long B & Minh Hoang (2006) Recent records of and notes on the conservation of small carnivores in Quang Nam province, central Vietnam. Small Carnivore Conservation, 34 & 35: 39-46.","Lynam AJ, Laidlaw R, Noordin WSW, Elagupillay S & Bennett EL (2007) Assessing the conservation status of the tiger Panthera tigris at priority sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Oryx, 41: 454-462.","Lynam AJ, Jenks KE, Tantipisanuh N, Chutipong W, Ngoprasert D, Gale GA, Steinmetz R, Sukmasuang R, Bhumpakphan N, Grassman Jr. LI, Cutter P, Kitamura S, Reed DH, Baker MC, McShea W, Songsasen, N & Leimgruber P (2013) Terrestrial activity patterns of wild cats from camera-trapping. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61: 407-415.","MacKenzie DI, Nichols JD, Royle JA, Pollock KH, Bailey LL & Hines JE (2006) Occupancy estimation and modeling: inferring patterns and dynamics of species occurrence. Elsevier, San Diego, California, USA, 324 pp.","Mohamed A, Samejima H & Wilting A (2009) Records of five Bornean cat species from Deramakot Forest Reserve in Sabah, Malaysia. Cat News, 51: 12-15.","Mohd-Azlan J (2006) Mammal diversity and conservation in a secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15: 1013-1025.","Nakhasathien S & Stewart-Cox B (1990) Nomination of the Thung Yai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Wildlife Conservation Division, Royal Forest Department, 128 pp.","Ngoprasert D (2004) Effects of roads, selected environmental variables and human disturbance on Asiatic leopard (Panthera pardus) in Kaeng Krachan National Park.Unpublished MS Thesis. King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand, 121 pp.","O'Brien TG, Kinnaird MF & Wibisono HT (2003) Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation, 6: 131-139.","R Development Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org (Accessed 30 December 2013).","Rao M, Than Myint, Than Zaw & Saw Htun (2005) Hunting patterns in tropical forests adjoining the Hkakaborazi National Park, north Myanmar. Oryx, 39: 292-300.","Ripple WJ & Beschta RL (2007) Hardwood tree decline following large carnivore loss on the Great Plains, USA. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5: 241-246.","Ross J, Hearn AJ & Macdonald DW (2013) Recent camera-trap records of Malay Weasel Mustela nudipes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Small Carnivore Conservation, 49: 20-24.","Schipper J, Chanson JS, Chiozza F, Cox NA, et al. (2008a) The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge. Science, 322: 225-230.","Schipper J, Hoffmann M, Duckworth JW & Conroy J (2008b) 2008 IUCN red listings of the world's small carnivores. Small Carnivore Conservation, 39: 29-34.","Schreiber A, Wirth R, Riffle M & Van Rompaey H (1989) Weasels, Civets, Mongooses, and their Relatives: An Action Plan for the Conservation of Mustelids and Viverrids. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 99 pp.","Steinmetz R & Mather R (1996) Impact of Karen villages on the fauna of Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary: a participatory research project. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 44: 23-40.","Steinmetz R, Chutipong W, Seuaturien N & Chirngsaard E (2008) Community structure of large mammals in tropical montane and lowland forest in the Tenasserim-Dawna mountains, Thailand. Biotropica, 40: 344-353.","Supparatvikorn S, Sutasha K, Sirisumpun T, Kunthawong N, Chutipong W & Duckworth JW (2012) Discovery of the Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah in Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 58: 19-30.","Tantipisanuh N, Chutipong W, Ngoprasert D, Lynam J, Steinmetz R, Sukmasuang R, Jenks KE, Grassman Jr LI, Cutter P, Kitamura S, Bhumpakphan N, Gale GA & Reed DH (2014) Recent distribution records of small cats in Thailand with notes on possible threats and conservation priorities. Cat News, 8: 36-44.","Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam AJ, Latt KT & Duckworth JW (2008) Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation, 38: 2-28.","van de Bult M (2003) The Vegetation and Flora of the Western Forest Complex using Rapid Ecological Assessment and Vegetation Types Description in the WEFCOM Area. Western Forest Complex Ecosystem Management Project, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department Thailand, 60 pp.","Van Rompaey H (1993) The banded linsang, Prionodon linsang. Small Carnivore Conservation, 9: 11-15.","Walston JL & Duckworth JW (2003) The first record of smalltoothed palm civet Arctogalidia trivirgata from Cambodia, with notes on surveying this species. Small Carnivore Conservation, 28: 12-13.","Webb EL, Steinmetz R, Seuaturian N, Chutipong W & van de Bult M (2011) Structure and diversity of seasonal mixed evergreendeciduous tropical forest, western Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 57: 19-34.","Webb EL, Steinmetz R, van de Bult M, Chutipong W & Seuaturian N (2013) Composition, structure and spatial patterns of the tree community in a fire-influenced, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, western Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 59: 15-37.","Wilting A, Samejima H & Mohamed A (2010) Diversity of Bornean viverrids and other small carnivores in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Small Carnivore Conservation, 42: 10-13."]}

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The Role Of Macaca Spp. (Primates: Cercopithecidae) In Seed Dispersal Networks

Author

Aurélie Albert, Savini, T., and Huynen, M. -C

Subjects
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract

Albert, Aurélie, Savini, Tommaso, Huynen, Marie-Claude (2013): The Role Of Macaca Spp. (Primates: Cercopithecidae) In Seed Dispersal Networks. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1): 423-434, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352158, {"references": ["Agetsuma, N. & N. Nakagawa, 1998. Effects of habitat differences on feeding behaviors of Japanese monkeys: Comparison between Yakushima and Kinkazan. Primates, 39: 275-289.", "Albert, A., 2012. Feeding and Ranging Behavior of Northern Pigtailed Macaques (Macaca leonina): Impact on their seed Dispersal Effectiveness and Ecological Contribution in a Tropical Rainforest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Universite de Liege, Liege, Belgium. 220 pp.", "Albert, A., A. Hambuckers, L. Culot, T. Savini & M.-C. Huynen, 2013. Frugivory and seed dispersal by northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina), in Thailand. International Journal of Primatology, 34: 170-193.", "Andresen, E., 1999. Seed dispersal by monkeys and the fate of dispersed seeds in a Peruvian rain forest. Biotropica, 31: 145-158.", "Astaras, C. & M. Waltert, 2010. What does seed handling by the drill tell us about the ecological services of terrestrial cercopithecines in African forests? Animal Conservation, 13: 568-578.", "Babweteera, F., P. Savill & N. Brown, 2007. Balanites wilsoniana: Regeneration with and without elephants. Biological Conservation, 134: 40-47.", "Bascompte, J. & P. Jordano, 2006. The structure of plant-animal mutualistic networks. In: Pascual, M. & J. Dunne (eds.), Ecological Networks. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Pp. 143-159.", "Bascompte, J. & P. Jordano, 2007. Plant-animal mutualistic networks: The architecture of biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 38: 567-593.", "Bascompte, J., P. Jordano, C. J. Melian & J. M. Olesen, 2003. The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100: 9383-9387.", "bin Kassim, H., 1987. Behavioural ecology of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac) in the Ulu Lepar valley, Pahang Darulmakmur. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 6-7: 67-78.", "Borries, C., E. Larney, K. Kreetiyutanont & A. Koenig, 2002. The diurnal primate community in a dry evergreen forest in Phu Khieo wildlife sanctuary, Northeast Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 50: 75-88.", "Brodie, J. F., 2007. Effects of Seed Dispersal by Gibbons, Sambar, and Muntjac on Choerospondias axillaris Demography, and the Disruption of this Mutualism by Wildlife Poaching. University of Montana, Missoula, MT. 95 pp.", "Brodie, J. F., O. E. Helmy, W. Y. Brockelman & J. L. Maron, 2009. Functional differences within a guild of tropical mammalian frugivores. Ecology, 90: 688-698.", "Caldecott, J. O., 1986. An Ecological and Behavioural Study of the Pig-Tailed Macaque. Karger, Basel. 259 pp.", "Caldecott, J. O., A. T. C. Feistner & E. L. Gadsby, 1996. A comparison of ecological strategies of pig-tailed macaques, mandrills and drills. In: Fa, J. E. & D. G. Lindburg (eds.), Evolution and Ecology of Macaque Societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 73-94.", "Campos-Arceiz, A., A. R. Larrinaga, U. R. Weerasinghe, S. Takatsuki, J. Pastorini, P. Leimgruber, P. Fernando & A. L. Santamaria, 2008. Behavior rather than diet mediates seasonal differences in seed dispersal by Asian elephants. Ecology, 89: 2684-2691.", "Chang, K., 1999. Foraging Strategies of Formosan Macaques (Macaca cyclopis) in Fushan Experimental Forest. National Taiwan University, Taipei.", "Chanthorn, W. & W. Y. Brockelman, 2008. Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in the light-demanding tree Choerospondias axillaris in old-growth forest in Thailand. ScienceAsia, 34: 129-135.", "Chapman, C. A., 1995. Primate seed dispersal: Coevolution and conservation implications. Evolutionary Anthropology, 4: 74-82.", "Chapman, C.A. & L. J. Chapman, 1995. Survival without dispersers: Seeding recruitment under parents. Conservation Biology, 9: 675-678.", "Chapman, C. A. & L. J. Chapman, 1996. Frugivory and the fate of dispersed and nondispersed seeds in six African tree species. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 12: 491-504.", "Chapman, C. A. & L. J. Chapman, 1999. Forest restoration in abandoned agricultural land: A case study from East Africa. Conservation Biology, 13: 1301-1311.", "Chapman, C. A., L. J. Chapman, R. Wrangham, K. Hunt, D. Gebo & L. Gardner, 1992a. Estimators of fruit abundance of tropical trees. Biotropica, 24: 527-531.", "Chapman, C. A. & S. E. Russo, 2007. Primate seed dispersal: Linking behavioral ecology with forest community structure. In: Campbell, C. J., A. F. Fuentes, K. C. MacKinnon, M. Panger & S. Bearder (eds.), Primates in Perspective. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Pp. 510-525.", "Chapman, H. M., S. L. Goldson & J. Beck, 2009. Postdispersal removal and germination of seed dispersed by Cercopithecus nictitans in a West African montane forest. Folia primatologica, 81: 41-50.", "Chapman, L. J., C. A. Chapman & R. Wrangham, 1992b. Balanites wilsoniana: Elephant dependent dispersal? Journal of Tropical Ecology, 8: 275-283.", "Chen, C. E., 1999. The Influence of Formosan Macaques (Macaca cyclopis) on Seed Dispersal in Fushan Experimental Forest. National Taiwan University, Taipei.", "Choudhury, A., 2008. Ecology and behaviour of the pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina leonina in some forests of Assam in north-east India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 105: 279-291.", "Clark, C. J., J. R. Poulsen & V. T. Parker, 2001. The role of arboreal seed dispersal groups on the seed rain of a lowland tropical forest. Biotropica, 33: 606-620.", "Coates-Estrada, R. & A. Estrada, 1988. Frugivory and seed dispersal in Cymbopetalum baillonii at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 4: 157-172.", "Connell, J. H., 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. In: den Boer, P. J. & G. R. Gradwell (eds.), Dynamics of Populations. Centre for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Pp. 298-312.", "Corlett, R., 1996. Characteristics of vertebrate-dispersed fruits in Hong Kong. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 12: 819-833.", "Corlett, R., 1998. Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in the Oriental (Indomalayan) Region. Biological Reviews, 73: 413-448.", "Corlett, R., 2002. Frugivory and seed dispersal in degraded tropical East Asian landscape. In: Levey, D. J., W. R. Silva & M. Galetti (eds.), Seed-Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CABI Publishing, New York. Pp. 451-465.", "Corlett, R., 2009. Seed dispersal distances and plant migration potential in tropical East Asia. Biotropica, 41: 592-598.", "Corlett, R. & P. W. Lucas, 1989. Consumption of Campnospermum auriculatum (Anacardiaceae) fruit by vertebrates in Singapore. Malayan Nature journal, 42: 273-276.", "Corlett, R. & P. W. Lucas, 1990.Alternative seed-handling strategies in primates: Seed-spitting by long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Oecologia, 82: 166-171.", "Culot, L., 2009. Primary Seed Dispersal by Two Sympatric Species of Tamarins, Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus mystax, and Post-Dispersal Seed Fate. Universite de Liege, Liege.", "Datta,A. & G. S. Rawat, 2008. Dispersal modes and spatial patterns of tree species in a tropical forest in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Tropical Conservation Science, 1: 163-185.", "Dew, J. L. & P. Wright, 1998. Frugivory and seed dispersal by four species of primates in Madagascar's Eastern rain forest. Biotropica, 30: 425-437.", "Dominy, N. J. & B. W. Duncan, 2005. Seed-spitting primates and the conservation and dispersion of large-seeded trees. International Journal of Primatology, 26: 631-649.", "Duncan, R. S. & C. A. Chapman, 1999. Seed dispersal and potential forest succession in abandoned agriculture in tropical Africa. Ecological Applications, 9: 998-1008.", "Duncan, R. S. & C. A. Chapman, 2002. Limitations of animal seed dispersal for enhancing forest succession on degraded lands. In: Levey, D. J., W. R. Silva & M. Galetti (eds.), Seed-Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CAB International, New York. Pp. 437-450.", "Eudey,A. A., 2008. The crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis): Widespread and rapidly declining. Primate Conservation, 23: 129-132.", "Fleming, T. H. & E. R. Heithaus, 1981. Frugivorous bats, seed shadows, and the structure of tropical forests. Biotropica, 13: 45-53.", "Fleming, T. H. & C. F. Williams, 1990. Phenology, seed dispersal, and recruitment in Cecropia peltata (Moraceae) in Costa Rican tropical dry forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6: 163-178.", "Forest Restoration Research Unit, 2006. How to Plant a Forest: The Principles and Practice of Restoring Tropical Forests. Biology Department, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. 200 pp.", "Forget, P.-M., A. J. Dennis, S. J. Mazer, P.A. Jansen, S. Kitamura, J. E. Lambert & D.A. Westcott, 2007. Seed allometry and disperser assemblages in tropical rainforests: A comparision of four floras on different continents. In: Dennis, A. J., E. W. Schupp, R. J. Green & D. Westcott (eds.), Seed Dispersal: Theory and its Application in a Changing World. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, UK. Pp. 5-36.", "Fortuna, M.A. & J. Bascompte, 2006. Habitat loss and the structure of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Ecology Letters, 9: 281-286.", "Ganesh, T. & P. Davidar, 2005. Fruiting phenology and pre-dispersal seed predation in a rainforest in southern western Ghats, India. In: Dew, J. L. & J.-P. Boubli (eds.), Tropical Fruits and Frugivores: The Search of Strong Interactors. Springer, Dordrecht. Pp. 139-154.", "Garber, P. A. & J. E. Lambert, 1998. Introduction to primate seed dispersal. Primates as seed dispersers: Ecological processes and directions for future research. American Journal of Primatology, 45: 3-8.", "Hanya, G., 2004. Diet of a Japanese macaque troop in the coniferous forest of Yakushima. International Journal of Primatology, 25: 55-71.", "Hanya, G., 2005. Comparisons of dispersal success between the species fruiting prior to and those at the peak of migrant frugivore abundance. Plant Ecology, 181: 167-177.", "Hanya, G., N. Noma & N. Agetsuma, 2003.Altitudinal and seasonal variations in the diet of Japanese macaques in Yakushima. Primates, 44: 51-59.", "Herrera, C. M., 1984. A study of avian frugivores, bird-dispersed plants, and their interaction in mediterranean scrublands. Ecological Monographs, 54: 1-23.", "Herrera, C. M., 1985. Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: The case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. Oikos, 44: 132-141.", "Howe, H. F., 1983. Annual variation in a neotropical seed-dispersal system. In: Sutton, S. L., T. C. Whitmore & A. C. Chadwick (eds.), Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Pp. 211-227.", "Howe, H. F., 1989. Scatter- and clump-dispersal and seedling demography: Hypothesis and implications. Oecologia, 79: 417-426.", "Howe, H. F. & J. Smallwood, 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 13: 201-228.", "Huang, C.-L., 2005. Effects of Dispersal via Cheek Pouches of Formosan Macaques (Macaca cyclopis) on Seed Shadow and Seed Fate of Three Lauraceae Species at Fushan Experimental Forest. National Taiwan University, Taipei.", "Janzen, D. H., 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. The American Naturalist, 104(940): 501-528.", "Jordano, P., J. Bascompte & J. M. Olesen, 2003. Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant-animal interactions. Ecology Letters, 6: 69-81.", "Jordano, P. & J. A. Godoy, 2002. Frugivore-generated seed shadows: A landscape view of demographic and genetic effects. In: Levey, D. J., W. R. Silva & M. Galetti (eds.), Seed-Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CAB International, New York. Pp. 305-321.", "Kanwatanakid-Savini, C.-O., P. Poonswad & T. Savini, 2009. An assessment of food overlap between gibbons and hornbills. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57: 189-198.", "Kanwatanakid, C.-O., 2000. Characteristics of Fruits Consumed by the White-Handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Mahidol University, Bangkok. 136 pp.", "Kaplin, B. A. & J. E. Lambert, 2002. Effectiveness of seed dispersal by Cercopithecus Monkeys: Implications for seed input into degraded areas. In: Levey, D. J., W. R. Silva & M. Galetti (eds.), Seed-Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CABI Publishing, New York. Pp. 351-364.", "Kaplin, B. A. & T. C. Moermond, 1998. Variation in seed handling by two species of forest monkeys in Rwanda. American Journal of Primatology, 45: 83-101.", "Kaplin, B. A., V. Munyaligoga & T. C. Moermond, 1998. The influence of temporal changes in fruit availability on diet composition and seed handling in blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis doggetti). Biotropica, 30: 56-71.", "Khamcha, D., 2009. Movement Patterns, Seed Dispersal and Tree- Fall Gap Use by a Forest Interior Frugivore: Puff-Throated Bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand. 71 pp.", "Kirika, J. M., B. Bleher, K. Bohning-Gaese, R. Chira & N. Farwig, 2008. Fragmentation and local disturbance of forests reduce frugivore diversity and fruit removal in Ficus thonningii trees. Basic and Applied Ecology, 9: 663-672.", "Kitamura, S., 2007. Current knowledge and future issues for frugivory and seed dispersal by animals in Southeast Asia: Special reference to large frugivorous birds and mammals. Japanese Journal of Ecology, 57: 159-171.", "Kitamura, S., S. Suzuki, T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad, P. Chuailua, K. Plongmai, T. Maruhashi, N. Noma & C. Suckasam, 2006. Dispersal of Canarium euphyllum (Burseraceae), a large-seeded tree species, in a moist evergreen forest in Thailand. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 22: 137-146.", "Kitamura, S., S. Suzuki, T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad, P. Chuailua, K. Plongmai, N. Noma, T. Maruhashi & C. Suckasam, 2004a. Dispersal of Aglaia spectabilis, a large-seeded tree species in a moist evergreen forest in Thailand. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20: 421-427.", "Kitamura, S., T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad, P. Chuailua & K. Plongmai, 2004b. Characteristics of hornbill-dispersed fruits in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand. Bird Conservation International, 14: S81-S88.", "Kitamura, S., T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad, P. Chuailua, K. Plongmai, T. Maruhashi & N. Noma, 2002. Interactions between fleshy fruits and frugivores in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand. Oecologia, 133: 559-572.", "Kitamura, S., T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad, P. Chuailua, K. Plongmai, N. Noma, T. Maruhashi & P. Wohandee, 2005. Fruit-frugivore interactions in a moist evergreen forest of Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. Tropics, 14: 345-355.", "Kitamura, S., T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad & P. Wohandee, 2007. Frugivory and seed dispersal by Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, in a moist evergreen forest of Thailand. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 23: 373-376.", "Koike, S., S. Kasai, K. Yamazaki & K. Furubayashi, 2008. Fruit phenology of Prunus jamasakura and the feeding habit of the Asiatic black bear as a seed disperser. Ecological Research, 23: 385-392.", "Koike, S., T. Masaki, Y. Nemoto, C. Kozakai, K. Yamazaki, S. Kasai, A. Nakajima & K. Kaji, 2011. Estimate of the seed shadow created by the Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus and its characteristics as a seed disperser in Japanese cool-temperate forest. Oikos, 120: 280-290.", "Kozakai, C., K. Yamazaki, Y. Nemoto, A. Nakajima, S. Koike, S. Abe, T. Masaki & K. Kaji, 2011. Effect of mast production on home range use of Japanese black bears. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 75: 867-875.", "Krishnamani, R., 1994. Diet composition of the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) in a tropical dry evergreen forest of Southern India. Tropical Biodiversity, 2: 285-302.", "Kumar, R. S., C. Mishra & A. Sinha, 2007. Foraging ecology and time-activity budget of the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala: A preliminary study. Current Science, 93: 532-539.", "Kurup, G. U. & A. Kumar, 1993. Time budget and activity patterns of the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus). International Journal of Primatology, 14: 27-39.", "Lambert, J. E., 1999. Seed handling in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius): implications for understanding hominoid and cercopithecine fruit-processing strategies and seed dispersal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 109: 365-386.", "Lambert, J. E., 2001. Red-tailed guenons (Cercopithecus ascanius) and strychnos mitis: Evidence for plant benefits beyond seed dispersal. International Journal of Primatology, 22: 189-201.", "Lambert, J. E., 2010. Primate seed dispersers as umbrella species: A case study from Kibale National Park, Uganda, with implications for Afrotropical forest conservation. American Journal of Primatology, 71: 1-16.", "Lambert, J. E. & C. A. Chapman, 2005.The fate of primate-dispersed seeds: Deposition pattern, dispersal distance and implications for conservation. In: Forget, P.-M., J. E. Lambert, P. E. Hulme & S. B. Vander Wall (eds.), Seed Fate-Predation, Dispersal and Seedling Establishment. CAB International, Cambridge. Pp. 137-150.", "Lindburg, D. G., 1977. Feeding behaviour and diet of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a Siwalik forest in north India. In: Clutton-Brock, T. H. (ed.) Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Ranging Behaviour in Lemurs, Monkeys and Apes. Academic Press, London. Pp. 223-249.", "Loiselle, B. A., P. G. Blendinger, J. G. Blake & T. B. Ryder, 2007. Ecological redundancy in seed dispersal systems: A comparison between manakins (Aves: Pipridae) in two tropical forests. In: Dennis, A. J., E. W. Schupp, R. A. Green & D. A. Westcott (eds.), Seed Dispersal: Theory and its Application in a Changing World. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 178-195.", "Lucas, P. W. & R. T. Corlett, 1998. Seed dispersal by long-tailed macaques. American Journal of Primatology, 45: 29-44.", "Makwana, S. C., 1978. Field ecology and behaviour of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): I. Group composition, home range, roosting sites, and foraging routes in the Asarori Forest. Primates, 19: 483-492.", "Martinez, I., D. Garcia & J. R. Obeso, 2008. Differential seed dispersal patterns generated by a common assemblage of vertebrate frugivores in three fleshy-fruited trees. Ecoscience, 15: 189-199.", "Maruhashi, T., 1980. Feeding behavior and diet of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island, Japan. Primates, 21: 141-160.", "McConkey, K. R., 2000. Primary seed shadow generated by gibbons in the rain forests of Barito Ulu, central Borneo. American Journal of Primatology, 52: 13-29.", "McConkey, K. R. & W. Y. Brockelman, 2011. Non-redundancy in the dispersal network of a generalist tropical forest tree. Ecology, 92: 1492-1502.", "McConkey, K. R., S. Prasad, R. T. Corlett, A. Campos-Arceiz, J. F. Brodie, H. Rogers & L. Santamaria, 2012. Seed dispersal in changing landscapes. Biological Conservation, 146: 1-13.", "Medellin, R. A. & O. Gaona, 1999. Seed dispersal by bats and birds in forest and disturbed habitats of Chiapas, Mexico. Biotropica, 31: 478-485.", "Mello, M. A. R., F. M. D. Marquitti, P. R. Guimaraes Jr., E. K. V. Kalko, P. Jordano & M. A. M. de Aguiar, 2011. The missing part of seed dispersal networks: Structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions. PLoS ONE, 6: e17395.", "Melo, F. P. L., E. Martinez-Salas, J. Benitez-Malvido & G. Ceballos, 2010. Forest fragmentation reduces recruitment of large-seeded tree species in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of southern Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 26: 35-43.", "Menard, N., 1985. Le regime alimentaire de Macaca sylvanus dans differents habitats d'Algerie: I. Regime en chenaie decidue. Terre et Vie, 40: 451-466.", "Menard, N. & D. Vallet, 1986. Le regime alimentaire de Macaca sylvanus dans differents habitats d'Algerie: II. Regime en foret sempervirente et sur les sommets rocheux. Terre et Vie, 41: 173-192.", "Murali, K. S., 1997. Patterns of seed size, germination and seed viability of tropical tree species in southe

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Cyclooxygenase production of PGE2 promotes phagocyte control of A. fumigatus hyphal growth in larval zebrafish.

Author

Savini Thrikawala, Mengyao Niu, Nancy P Keller, and Emily E Rosowski

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Invasive aspergillosis is a common opportunistic infection, causing >50% mortality in infected immunocompromised patients. The specific molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system that prevent pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent individuals are not fully understood. Here, we used a zebrafish larva-Aspergillus infection model to identify cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme signaling as one mechanism that promotes host survival. Larvae exposed to the pan-COX inhibitor indomethacin succumb to infection at a significantly higher rate than control larvae. COX signaling is both macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated. However, indomethacin treatment has no effect on phagocyte recruitment. Instead, COX signaling promotes phagocyte-mediated inhibition of germination and invasive hyphal growth. Increased germination and invasive hyphal growth is also observed in infected F0 crispant larvae with mutations in genes encoding for COX enzymes (ptgs2a/b). Protective COX-mediated signaling requires the receptor EP2 and exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) rescues indomethacin-induced decreased immune control of fungal growth. Collectively, we find that COX signaling activates the PGE2-EP2 pathway to increase control A. fumigatus hyphal growth by phagocytes in zebrafish larvae.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Isochrony and rhythmic interaction in ape duetting.

Author

Raimondi T, Di Panfilo G, Pasquali M, Zarantonello M, Favaro L, Savini T, Gamba M, and Ravignani A

Subjects
Male, Animals, Female, Humans, Hylobates physiology, Vocalization, Animal physiology, Primates, Music, Hominidae
Abstract

How did rhythm originate in humans, and other species? One cross-cultural universal, frequently found in human music, is isochrony: when note onsets repeat regularly like the ticking of a clock. Another universal consists in synchrony (e.g. when individuals coordinate their notes so that they are sung at the same time). An approach to biomusicology focuses on similarities and differences across species, trying to build phylogenies of musical traits. Here we test for the presence of, and a link between, isochrony and synchrony in a non-human animal. We focus on the songs of one of the few singing primates, the lar gibbon ( Hylobates lar ), extracting temporal features from their solo songs and duets. We show that another ape exhibits one rhythmic feature at the core of human musicality: isochrony. We show that an enhanced call rate overall boosts isochrony, suggesting that respiratory physiological constraints play a role in determining the song's rhythmic structure. However, call rate alone cannot explain the flexible isochrony we witness. Isochrony is plastic and modulated depending on the context of emission: gibbons are more isochronous when duetting than singing solo. We present evidence for rhythmic interaction: we find statistical causality between one individual's note onsets and the co-singer's onsets, and a higher than chance degree of synchrony in the duets. Finally, we find a sex-specific trade-off between individual isochrony and synchrony. Gibbon's plasticity for isochrony and rhythmic overlap may suggest a potential shared selective pressure for interactive vocal displays in singing primates. This pressure may have convergently shaped human and gibbon musicality while acting on a common neural primate substrate. Beyond humans, singing primates are promising models to understand how music and, specifically, a sense of rhythm originated in the primate phylogeny.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Loss and vulnerability of lowland forests in mainland Southeast Asia.

Author

Namkhan M, Gale GA, Savini T, and Tantipisanuh N

Subjects
Asia, Southeastern, Bayes Theorem, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests
Abstract

Despite containing extraordinary levels of biodiversity, lowland (<200 m asl) tropical forests are extremely threatened globally. Southeast Asia is an area of high species richness and endemicity under considerable anthropogenic threat with, unfortunately, scant focus on its lowland forests. We estimated extent of lowland forest loss from 1998 to 2018, including inside protected areas and determined the vulnerability of this remaining forest. Maximum likelihood classification techniques were used to classify Landsat images to estimate lowland forest cover in 1998 and 2018. We used Bayesian belief networks with 20 variables to evaluate vulnerability of the forest that remained in 2018. Analyses were conducted at two spatial scales: landscape patch (analogous to ecoregion) and country level. Over 20 years, >120,000 km 2 of forest (50% of forest present in 1998) was lost. Of the 14 lowland forest patches, 6 lost >50% of their area. At the country scale, Cambodia had the greatest deforestation (>47,500 km 2 ). In 2018, 18% of the lowlands were forested, and 20% of these forests had some formal protection. Approximately 50% of the lowland forest inside protected areas (c. 11,000 km 2 ) was also lost during the study period. Most lowland forest remaining is highly vulnerable; eight landscape patches had >50% categorized as such. Our results add to a growing body of evidence that the presence of protected areas alone will not prevent further deforestation. We suggest that more collaborative conservation strategies with local communities that accommodate conservation concessions specifically for lowland forests are urgently needed to prevent further destruction of these valuable habitats., (© 2020 Society for Conservation Biology.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. White-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) alter ranging patterns in response to habitat type.

Author

Light LEO, Savini T, Sparks CS, and Bartlett TQ

Subjects
Animals, Endangered Species, Female, Forests, Male, Thailand, Ecosystem, Homing Behavior, Hylobates physiology
Abstract

Small apes are often characterized as inhabiting small home ranges and being dependent on evergreen forest due to their dietary specialization on ripe fruits. Yet few primate studies, particularly those with gibbons, have considered intraspecific variations in ranging behaviors in response to local ecological conditions. This study examines Endangered white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) ranging patterns in a heterogeneous landscape. We conducted 13 months of behavioral observations on four white-handed gibbon groups living in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary in western Thailand, and combine these data with group location and transect-based productivity data. We compare home range area, site fidelity, and microhabitat preferences. Home range (HR) area varied considerably among the four groups (17-61 hectares). Site fidelity was higher in one of the groups with more evergreen forest in the HR (0.72 ± 0.1) than one of the groups with very little evergreen forest in the habitat (0.47 ± 0.07). While groups with more evergreen forest in the HR preferred evergreen forest areas, groups with very little evergreen forest within the HR demonstrated less preference for evergreen forest areas. We conclude that gibbons at this site exhibit a considerable degree of behavioral variation in response to local ecological conditions. These findings suggest that while gibbons exhibit significant ecological flexibility, this flexibility may be limited by habitat type and key food resources.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. COVID-19 Highlights the Need for More Effective Wildlife Trade Legislation.

Author

Borzée A, McNeely J, Magellan K, Miller JRB, Porter L, Dutta T, Kadinjappalli KP, Sharma S, Shahabuddin G, Aprilinayati F, Ryan GE, Hughes A, Abd Mutalib AH, Wahab AZA, Bista D, Chavanich SA, Chong JL, Gale GA, Ghaffari H, Ghimirey Y, Jayaraj VK, Khatiwada AP, Khatiwada M, Krishna M, Lwin N, Paudel PK, Sadykova C, Savini T, Shrestha BB, Strine CT, Sutthacheep M, Wong EP, Yeemin T, Zahirudin NZ, and Zhang L

Subjects
Animals, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Zoonoses epidemiology, Animals, Wild, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral
Abstract

Zoonosis-based epidemics are inevitable unless we revisit our relationship with the natural world, protect habitats, and regulate wildlife trade, including live animals and non-sustenance products. To prevent future zoonoses, governments must establish effective legislation addressing wildlife trade, protection of habitats, and reduction of the wildlife-livestock-human interface., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Northern pigtailed macaques rely on old growth plantations to offset low fruit availability in a degraded forest fragment.

Author

Gazagne E, José-Domínguez JM, Huynen MC, Hambuckers A, Poncin P, Savini T, and Brotcorne F

Subjects
Acacia, Animals, Ecosystem, Female, Forests, Homing Behavior, Male, Thailand, Appetitive Behavior, Diet, Fruit, Macaca nemestrina physiology
Abstract

Space-use and foraging strategies are important facets to consider in regard to the ecology and conservation of primates. For this study, we documented movement, ranging, and foraging patterns of northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina) for 14 months in a degraded habitat with old growth Acacia and Eucalyptus plantations at the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in northeastern Thailand. We used hidden Markov models and characteristic hull polygons to analyze these patterns in regard to fruit availability. Macaques' home range (HR) was 599 ha and spanned through a natural dry-evergreen forest (DEF), and plantation forest. Our results showed that active foraging increased with higher fruit availability in DEF. Macaques changed to a less continuous behavioral state during periods of lower fruit availability in DEF, repeatedly moving from foraging to transiting behavior, while extending their HR further into plantation forest and surrounding edge areas. Concomitantly, macaques shifted their diet from fleshy to dry fruit such as the introduced Acacia species. Our results showed that the diet and movement ecology adaptations of northern pigtailed macaques were largely dependent on availability of native fruits, and reflected a "high-cost, high-yield" foraging strategy when fresh food was scarce and dry fruit was available in plantation forest. Conversely, wild-feeding northern pigtailed macaque populations inhabiting pristine habitat approached a "low-cost, low-yield" foraging strategy. Our results outline the effects of habitat degradation on foraging strategies and show how a flexible species can cope with its nutritional requirements., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Slow loris density in a fragmented, disturbed dry forest, north-east Thailand.

Author

Oliver K, Ngoprasert D, and Savini T

Subjects
Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests, Humans, Thailand, Trees, Ecosystem, Lorisidae, Population Density
Abstract

Primate survival in disturbed forests can be governed by a complex of forest variables. For nocturnal arboreal primates, determining these ecological features is notoriously difficult but is critically important for their conservation. Here we assessed the effects of forest type, food availability, human disturbance, and forest structure on the nocturnal Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) in Sakaerat Biosphere, north-east Thailand, a small disturbed fragment containing dry evergreen, dry dipterocarp, and plantation forests. Distance sampling revealed plantation forest had the highest density estimate (27 loris/km 2 ) followed by dry evergreen forest (17 loris/km 2 ), while dry dipterocarp forest only had four detections. Based on forest type selection analyses, loris had a positive association with sap and fruit-flower productivity which was highest in plantation forest compared to the natural dry evergreen or dry dipterocarp forests. Furthermore, forest structure selection analysis indicated loris preferred denser canopies. Loris presence was positively associated with canopy height, canopy connections, tree trunk vegetation cover, and canopy density. The higher loris density found in the plantations, as also reported by other studies, was associated with dense vegetation structure and higher food productivity, particularly sap. However, the important structural features found in the plantation forest are strongly dependent on forest maturity, and the reduced longevity of such exotic tree species may limit the conservation importance of plantation forest, merely acting as a short-term alternative to natural habitat., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Foraging strategies underlying bird egg predation by macaques: A study using artificial nests.

Author

Kaisin O, Gazagne E, Savini T, Huynen MC, and Brotcorne F

Subjects
Animals, Birds, Coturnix, Ecosystem, Female, Male, Nesting Behavior, Predatory Behavior, Thailand, Appetitive Behavior, Macaca physiology, Ovum
Abstract

Bird egg predation is widespread in non-human primates. Although nest predation is often described as opportunistic, little is known about foraging strategies and nest detection in primates. Since it is the prevalent cause of nest failure in the tropics, birds select nest sites within specific microhabitats and use different nest types to increase nesting success. Identifying the nests targeted by the northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina), an omnivorous cercopithecine species, and known nest predator, will shine light on nest foraging strategies in primates. The aim of this research was to reveal if nest predation is a selective or opportunistic feeding behavior. We studied, using artificial nests and camera traps, the influence of nest type (open-cup vs. cavity), microhabitat (i.e., understory density, canopy cover, canopy height, ground cover, and presence vs. absence of thorns and lianas), and nest height, on nest predation by a troop of northern pigtailed macaques in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve (Thailand), a degraded environment. In our study, macaque predation on artificial nests was high; out of the 200 nests that were set up, 112 were plundered by macaques. Although predation rates decreased with nest height, nest type, and microhabitat had no significant effect on predation by macaques. Nest detectability and accessibility did not affect predation rates. Macaques actively searched for nests in different microhabitats, suggesting that nest predation by this primate might be considered a selective feeding behavior in this degraded habitat. Consequently, nest predation by this primate might have important conservation implications on the population dynamics of forest-dwelling bird species. Behavior observation methods, such as instantaneous scan sampling, may underestimate nest predation by primates, a furtive and cryptic behavior., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Ranging and site fidelity in northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina) over different temporal scales.

Author

José-Domínguez JM, Savini T, and Asensio N

Subjects
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Diet veterinary, Ecosystem, Fruit, Seasons, Social Behavior, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Territoriality, Thailand, Feeding Behavior physiology, Homing Behavior, Macaca physiology
Abstract

Space-use patterns are crucial to understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of primates, but detailed ranging data are scarce for many species, especially those in Southeast Asia. Researchers studying site fidelity to either home ranges or core areas have focused mainly on territorial species, whereas less information is available for non-territorial species. We analyzed the ranging patterns and site fidelity of one wild troop of northern pigtailed macaques over 16 months at different temporal scales. We used characteristic hull polygons in combination with spatial statistics to estimate home ranges and core areas. The total home range and core areas were 449 ha and 190 ha, respectively. Average daily path length was 2,246 m. The macaques showed a high defendabili--ty index according to the expected ranging of a non-territorial species in which movement does not theoretically permit the defense of a large territory. Overall, the study troop ranged more extensively than conspecific groups and closely related species studied elsewhere. These differences may reflect variable troop size, degree of terrestriality and habitat characteristics, but could also reflect methodological differences. The location, size and shape of home ranges and core areas, and extent of daily path lengths changed on a monthly basis resulting in low site fidelity between months. The macaques also showed clear shifts in the location of daily home ranges with low site fidelity scores between consecutive days. Daily home range and daily path length were related to seasonality, with greater values during the fruit-abundant period. Low site fidelity associated with lack of territoriality is consistent with macaques structuring their movement based on available food sources. However, ranging patterns and site fidelity can also be explained by macaques feeding on the move, a foraging strategy that hinders frequent and long visits to the same location., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas.

Author

Laurance WF, Useche DC, Rendeiro J, Kalka M, Bradshaw CJ, Sloan SP, Laurance SG, Campbell M, Abernethy K, Alvarez P, Arroyo-Rodriguez V, Ashton P, Benítez-Malvido J, Blom A, Bobo KS, Cannon CH, Cao M, Carroll R, Chapman C, Coates R, Cords M, Danielsen F, De Dijn B, Dinerstein E, Donnelly MA, Edwards D, Edwards F, Farwig N, Fashing P, Forget PM, Foster M, Gale G, Harris D, Harrison R, Hart J, Karpanty S, Kress WJ, Krishnaswamy J, Logsdon W, Lovett J, Magnusson W, Maisels F, Marshall AR, McClearn D, Mudappa D, Nielsen MR, Pearson R, Pitman N, van der Ploeg J, Plumptre A, Poulsen J, Quesada M, Rainey H, Robinson D, Roetgers C, Rovero F, Scatena F, Schulze C, Sheil D, Struhsaker T, Terborgh J, Thomas D, Timm R, Urbina-Cardona JN, Vasudevan K, Wright SJ, Arias-G JC, Arroyo L, Ashton M, Auzel P, Babaasa D, Babweteera F, Baker P, Banki O, Bass M, Bila-Isia I, Blake S, Brockelman W, Brokaw N, Brühl CA, Bunyavejchewin S, Chao JT, Chave J, Chellam R, Clark CJ, Clavijo J, Congdon R, Corlett R, Dattaraja HS, Dave C, Davies G, Beisiegel Bde M, da Silva Rde N, Di Fiore A, Diesmos A, Dirzo R, Doran-Sheehy D, Eaton M, Emmons L, Estrada A, Ewango C, Fedigan L, Feer F, Fruth B, Willis JG, Goodale U, Goodman S, Guix JC, Guthiga P, Haber W, Hamer K, Herbinger I, Hill J, Huang Z, Sun IF, Ickes K, Itoh A, Ivanauskas N, Jackes B, Janovec J, Janzen D, Jiangming M, Jin C, Jones T, Justiniano H, Kalko E, Kasangaki A, Killeen T, King HB, Klop E, Knott C, Koné I, Kudavidanage E, Ribeiro JL, Lattke J, Laval R, Lawton R, Leal M, Leighton M, Lentino M, Leonel C, Lindsell J, Ling-Ling L, Linsenmair KE, Losos E, Lugo A, Lwanga J, Mack AL, Martins M, McGraw WS, McNab R, Montag L, Thompson JM, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nakagawa M, Nepal S, Norconk M, Novotny V, O'Donnell S, Opiang M, Ouboter P, Parker K, Parthasarathy N, Pisciotta K, Prawiradilaga D, Pringle C, Rajathurai S, Reichard U, Reinartz G, Renton K, Reynolds G, Reynolds V, Riley E, Rödel MO, Rothman J, Round P, Sakai S, Sanaiotti T, Savini T, Schaab G, Seidensticker J, Siaka A, Silman MR, Smith TB, de Almeida SS, Sodhi N, Stanford C, Stewart K, Stokes E, Stoner KE, Sukumar R, Surbeck M, Tobler M, Tscharntke T, Turkalo A, Umapathy G, van Weerd M, Rivera JV, Venkataraman M, Venn L, Verea C, de Castilho CV, Waltert M, Wang B, Watts D, Weber W, West P, Whitacre D, Whitney K, Wilkie D, Williams S, Wright DD, Wright P, Xiankai L, Yonzon P, and Zamzani F

Subjects
Agriculture statistics & numerical data, Animals, Data Collection, Ecology statistics & numerical data, Environmental Pollution adverse effects, Environmental Pollution statistics & numerical data, Fires statistics & numerical data, Forestry statistics & numerical data, Interviews as Topic, Mining statistics & numerical data, Population Growth, Rain, Reproducibility of Results, Research Personnel, Surveys and Questionnaires, Temperature, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Endangered Species statistics & numerical data, Trees physiology, Tropical Climate
Abstract

The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental stresses. As pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical constraint in addressing this question has been that data describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31 functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified across the world’s major tropical regions. Our analysis reveals great variation in reserve ‘health’: about half of all reserves have been effective or performed passably, but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them. These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Sleeping site selection and presleep behavior in wild pigtailed macaques.

Author

Albert A, Savini T, and Huynen MC

Subjects
Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Male, Photoperiod, Trees, Behavior, Animal, Macaca psychology, Sleep
Abstract

Several factors are likely to control sleeping site selection and presleep behavior in nonhuman primates, including predation risk and location of food resources. We examined the effects of these factors on the sleeping behavior of northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina). While following a troop living in the surroundings of the Visitor Center of Khao Yai National Park (Thailand), we recorded the physical characteristics and location of each sleeping site, tree, the individuals' place in the tree, posture, and behavior. We collected data for 154 nights between April 2009 and November 2010. The monkeys preferred tall sleeping trees (20.9 ± SD 4.9 m) and high sleeping places (15.8 ± SD 4.3 m), which may be an antipredator strategy. The choice of sleeping trees close to the last (146.7 ± SD 167.9 m) or to the first (150.4 ± SD 113.0 m) feeding tree of the day may save energy and decrease predation risk when monkeys are searching for food. Similarly, the choice of sleeping sites close to human settlements eases the access to human food during periods of fruit scarcity. Finally, the temporal pattern of use of sleeping sites, with a preference for four of the sleeping sites but few reuses during consecutive nights, may be a trade-off between the need to have several sleeping sites (decreasing detection by predators and travel costs to feeding sites), and the need to sleep in well-known sites (guaranteeing a faster escape in case of predator attack)., (© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Density and microhabitat use of Bengal slow loris in primary forest and non-native plantation forest.

Author

Pliosungnoen M, Gale G, and Savini T

Subjects
Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Observation, Population Density, Statistics, Nonparametric, Thailand, Ecosystem, Forestry, Lorisidae physiology, Trees
Abstract

The extent of planted forests has greatly increased in the tropics, but their conservation value while assumed to be low, is largely unknown. We compared the density and microhabitat selection of a nocturnal arboreal primate, the Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis), in mostly undisturbed, evergreen tropical forest to those in 15-18 year old Acacia/Leucaena plantations with significant secondary regrowth, and <15 year old plantations with little regrowth. Based on estimates derived from distance sampling, loris densities in older plantations were nearly identical to primary forest (4.26 vs. 4.00 lorises per square kilometer), although encounter rates were three times higher in the older plantations probably owing to the lower detection probability in the more complex vegetation of the primary forest. The mean density estimate for the younger plantation was one-third of the above habitats (1.27 lorises per square kilometer), although not statistically different. Lorises tended to use larger diameter and taller trees, with a greater crown depth than randomly sampled trees, and tended to avoid habitats with sparsely crowned trees. The older plantations had trees with lower basal area and shorter stems than the primary forest; however, the older plantations contained higher densities of Bauhinia lianas, a commonly eaten food source and did not contain the red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), a potential competitor. Although it is unknown whether the Bengal slow loris would persist without the presence of primary forest in the landscape, we suggest that older plantations have conservation value for at least selected species and as such, could be better managed to increase this value., (© 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Selection of sleeping trees in pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus).

Author

Phoonjampa R, Koenig A, Borries C, Gale GA, and Savini T

Subjects
Animals, Avoidance Learning, Behavior, Animal, Choice Behavior, Climate, Ecosystem, Female, Homing Behavior physiology, Male, Predatory Behavior, Social Behavior, Thailand, Hylobates physiology, Hylobates psychology, Sleep physiology, Trees
Abstract

Selection and use patterns of sleeping sites in nonhuman primates are suggested to have multiple functions, such as predation avoidance, but they might be further affected by range defense as well as foraging constraints or other factors. Here, we investigate sleeping tree selection by the male and female members of one group of pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) at Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Data were collected on 113 nights, between September 2006 and January 2009, yielding data on 201 sleeping tree choices (107 by the female and 94 by the male) and on the characteristics of 71 individual sleeping trees. Each sleeping tree and all trees > or =40 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in the home range were assessed (height, DBH, canopy structure, liana load) and mapped using a GPS. The gibbons preferentially selected tall (mean=38.5 m), emergent trees without lianas. The majority of the sleeping trees (53.5%) were used only once and consecutive reuse was rare (9.5%). Sleeping trees were closer to the last feeding tree of the evening than to the first feeding tree in the morning, and sleeping trees were located in the overlap areas with neighbors less often than expected based on time spent in these areas. These results suggest avoidance of predators as the main factor influencing sleeping tree selection in pileated gibbons. However, other non-mutually exclusive factors may be involved as well., ((c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Sterile pyuria in a population of wild white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar).

Author

Beaman BA, Hesemeyer WJ, Dominy NJ, Savini T, and Reichard UH

Subjects
Animals, Female, Incidence, Leukocytes cytology, Male, Nitrites urine, Pyuria epidemiology, Pyuria urine, Thailand epidemiology, Animals, Wild urine, Hylobates urine, Primate Diseases epidemiology, Primate Diseases urine, Pyuria veterinary
Abstract

Urinalysis is an emerging method for monitoring the health and energy balance of wild primates. Here, we report the first urinalysis of wild gibbons. We used multi-reagent test strips to monitor the health status of 52 individual white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) inhabiting Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Most urinary reference values were within normal ranges; however, regardless of age- and sex-class or monthly fruit productivity, we found unexpectedly high rates of urinary leukocytes (50% and 90% of individuals in 2001-2003 and 2006, respectively). In contrast to previous studies of African apes, this finding is coupled with the near absence of urinary nitrites, demonstrating pervasive levels of sterile pyuria. This result is the first reported case of sterile pyuria in a population of wild primates. The etiology of human sterile pyuria is diverse, but in all cases it is diagnostic of systemic inflammation. We discuss the potential causes of sterile pyuria in the gibbons of Khao Yai.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Home-range characteristics and the influence of seasonality on female reproduction in white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

Author

Savini T, Boesch C, and Reichard UH

Subjects
Animals, Birth Rate, Environment, Female, Fertilization, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Thailand, Weaning, Homing Behavior, Hylobates physiology, Reproduction, Seasons
Abstract

A three-year (2001-2003) study was carried out on the home range characteristics of seven wild white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) groups focusing on the spatio-temporal distribution of food resources at Khao Yai National Park in northeastern Thailand. These results were combined with 23 years (1980-2003) of reproductive performance data on seven females from the same focal groups. Reproductive performance was equal among females with regard to birth, weaning and maturation ratios, and independent of variation in food availability. Offspring mortality, however, was significantly positively correlated with home-range size. In addition, there was an increase in offspring mortality just after weaning, suggesting that the increase in the daily distance traveled by juveniles contributed to this mortality. Conceptions clustered during the first half of the year when food production was at its peak, which presumably allowed females to accumulate sufficient body reserves to resume ovarian cycling. Our results place Khao Yai gibbons closer to Cercopithecidae than great apes in terms of the temporal pattern of reproductive events, though gestation, lactation, inter-birth interval, and offspring maturation are considerably longer in gibbons, placing them closer to the other apes. Our findings underline the unique phylogenetic position of these small-bodied apes in terms of reproductive patterns in primates., ((c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results