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In modern animal husbandry, increasing attention is given to mathematical modeling and statistical methods, especially for evaluating commercial hybrids. Our aim was to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic variability of biochemical parameters of blood serum of the 56 hybrid boars (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) raised in feeding stations (Russia) through mathematical modeling. The particular variances and covariances of traits were calculated using the limited maximum likelihood model and the REMLF90 programs. A narrow range of variability was found for major biochemical parameters in relationship with the "FFG-factor" ("fattening period × final live weight × gain"), including the majority of the metabolites ( p ≤ 0.05). The highest values of the genetic correlations were observed for the "total protein" parameter with albumins (0.78), globulins (0.94), creatinine (0.99), and enzymes: AST (0.98), ALT (0.80), etc. Phenotypic and genetic relationships showed fairly high correlation coefficients (0.5-0.8). It is important to emphasize that most of the studied amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid and asparagine, glutamic acid and glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine) were significantly associated with the "FFG-factor" ( p ≤ 0.05). The proposed approach provides reliable data on metabolite variability and correlations.

The synthesis of langbeinite-type phosphates with small cations such as Li + or Na + via a high-temperature solid-state reaction is a challenging task due to the predominant formation of a related NaSICON-type phase. This work reports on the synthesis route, crystal structure, thermal behavior, and Na-conductive properties of the langbeinite-type NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 prepared by a mechanochemically activated ion-exchange reaction between hydrothermally prepared NH 4 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and NaNO 3 . The crystal structure of NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is refined based on X-ray diffraction data and validated by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is found to be stable up to 730 °C, undergoing a transformation into the NaSICON phase with further heating. Notably, in the 25-500 °C range, the material shows negative thermal expansion. The Na + conductivity within the range of 50-225 °C amounts to 1.7 × 10 -8 S cm -1 at 50 °C and 1 × 10 -6 S cm -1 at 225 °C with an activation energy of 0.44 eV, accompanied by a sufficiently low (∼10 -12 S cm -1 ) electronic conductivity. The bandgap of 4.44 eV and the electrochemical stability window covering the 1.39-4.18 V vs. Na/Na + range are calculated using density functional theory. The obtained results open up opportunities for designing langbeinite-structured phosphates as potential solid electrolytes for Na-ion batteries.

The layered oxide LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 (NMC811, NCM811) is of utmost technological importance as a positive electrode (cathode) material for the forthcoming generation of Li-ion batteries. In this contribution, we have collected 548 research articles comprising >950 records on the electrochemical properties of NMC811 as a cathode material in half-cells with metallic Li counter electrode. The analysis of distribution histograms provided statistically-relevant values of such key characteristics of NMC811 as the first cycle discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency, discharge capacities at different upper cut-off voltages, capacity fade and capacity retention at the 0.1C-5C current densities. We derived equations describing the relationships between discharge capacity and upper cut-off voltage, Ni content in the LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 compositions in vicinity of NMC811, antisite disorder, and the C-rate. Additionally, the distribution histograms were used for a qualitative comparison between various groups of NMC811 materials, such as benchmarks in various optimizations vs obtained in course of synthesis development, lab-made vs commercial, polycrystalline vs single-crystal. The results of this analysis provide justified values to be used as benchmarks in further works related to optimizing and improving NMC811 and related materials, eliminating random picking up from a huge pool of published data., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background: Despite implemented measures and general favourable trend, number of patients with myocardial infarction remains high, younger people are increasingly becoming ill and dying. The study purpose: to estimate age-sex mortality dynamics from acute and recurrent myocardial infarction in adults in Moscow compared to Russia's average in 2007-2021 to reveal patterns of mortality change within the implementation period of state prevention programs., Material and Methods: Standardized adult mortality rates for Moscow and Russia, mean expected age at death within interval 20-85 years and gain in life expectancy when eliminating this cause calculated and analyzed., Results: Moscow morbidity rates for acute and recurrent myocardial infarction are twice lower than Russia's, there are higher reduction rates for both diseases - by 16% and 58% respectively. During study period, mortality from myocardial infarction in men was by 45% higher than in women. In 2007 Moscow male-female difference estimated 3% and in 15 years it became 32% due to faster female mortality reduction. Whereas Russia's average age of death from myocardial infarction in 2021 returned to 2010-2011 levels, then in Moscow during 2020-2021 female rates returned to 2008's and male rates fall out the study period., Conclusions: Since implementation of the first programs on reducing mortality from chronic non-infectious diseases during the 15 years period morbidity and mortality rates from myocardial infarction reduced in Russia and Moscow in all ages. Acute and recurrent myocardial infarction have rejuvenated both in men and women as a negative effect of the pandemic.

Gd 3+ and Sm 3+ co-activation, the effect of cation substitutions and the creation of cation vacancies in the scheelite-type framework are investigated as factors influencing luminescence properties. Ag x Gd ((2- x )/3)-0.3- y Sm y Eu 3+ 0.3 ☐ (1-2 x )/3 WO 4 ( x = 0.50, 0.286, 0.20; y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.3) scheelite-type phases (A x GS y E) have been synthesized by a solid-state method. A powder X-ray diffraction study of A x GS y E ( x = 0.286, 0.2; y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) shows that the crystal structures have an incommensurately modulated character similar to other cation-deficient scheelite-related phases. Luminescence properties have been evaluated under near-ultraviolet (n-UV) light. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of A x GS y E demonstrate the strongest absorption at 395 nm, which matches well with commercially available UV-emitting GaN-based LED chips. Gd 3+ and Sm 3+ co-activation leads to a notable decreasing intensity of the charge transfer band in comparison with Gd 3+ single-doped phases. The main absorption is the 7 F 0 → 5 L 6 transition of Eu 3+ at 395 nm and the 6 H 5/2 → 4 F 7/2 transition of Sm 3+ at 405 nm. The photoluminescence emission spectra of all the samples indicate intense red emission due to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ . The intensity of the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 emission increases from ~2 times ( x = 0.2, y = 0.01 and x = 0.286, y = 0.02) to ~4 times ( x = 0.5, y = 0.01) in the Gd 3+ and Sm 3+ co-doped samples. The integral emission intensity of Ag 0.20 Gd 0.29 Sm 0.01 Eu 0.30 WO 4 in the red visible spectral range (the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition) is higher by ~20% than that of the commercially used red phosphor of Gd 2 O 2 S:Eu 3+ . A thermal quenching study of the luminescence of the Eu 3+ emission reveals the influence of the structure of compounds and the Sm 3+ concentration on the temperature dependence and behavior of the synthesized crystals. Ag 0.286 Gd 0.252 Sm 0.02 Eu 0.30 WO 4 and Ag 0.20 Gd 0.29 Sm 0.01 Eu 0.30 WO 4 , with the incommensurately modulated (3 + 1)D monoclinic structure, are very attractive as near-UV converting phosphors applied as red-emitting phosphors for LEDs.

Goats are ubiquitous, including in hot and dry regions, while also being very sensitive to climate fluctuations, expressed in temperature differences. This affects their productivity and milk quality. Adaptation to heat requires high energy costs, affects "neurohumoral" regulation and is accompanied by oxidative stress with the increased production of free radicals. The aim was to study the main biochemical parameters of goat milk and its antioxidant activity depending on the season of the year. Sampling was carried out in April, June, August and October. Analysis of the biochemical components and antioxidant activity of goat milk was performed using modern analytical systems. From spring to autumn, the mass fraction of true or crude proteins in goat milk increased by 14.6-63.7% or by 12.3-52.1%, and the mass fraction of caseins also increased by 13.6-60.6%. For vitamin C level and the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants, a pronounced gradual decrease from spring to autumn was observed. In the summer period, a small increase in the carotene level in milk (by 3.0-6.1% compared to April) was established. Vitamin A content increased by 86.5% (June) or by 70.3% (October) compared to April. Thus, the numerous significant changes in the major parameters of goat's milk depending on the season were revealed.

Background: Currently, obesity is considered one of the most significant health problems, representing a common chronic disease leading to the development of severe comorbidities, accompanied by the loss of disability-adjusted life years and high mortality. Due to the fact that obesity is one of the leading risk factors for a number of non-communicable diseases, such as diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the endocrine system and malignant neoplasms., Aims: assessment of adult mortality dynamics from obesity-associated causes in Moscow compared to the Russian Federation in 2011-2020., Materials and Methods: data from the analytic package FAISS (internal use program): standardized mortality rates for population of Moscow and the Russian Federation as a whole., Results: Over the 10-year period under study, mortality in the class of diseases of the circulatory system and malignant neoplasms was decreasing, while mortality from diseases of the endocrine system was increasing. Adult mortality from the diseases of the circulatory system in Moscow reduced by 12%, in the Russian Federation - by 25%. It should be noted, that mortality rate in Moscow (302.5 per 100,000) is significantly (by 34%) lower than in Russia (460.3), at the same time, the rate of mortality reduction over a 10-year period is equal and amounts to 23-25%. Myocardial infarction is the most serious obesity-associated disease characterized by high mortality in the class of the diseases of the circulatory system, it has a declining trend in Moscow and in the Russian Federation as a whole. Adult mortality from the diseases of the endocrine system in Moscow increased by 3 times, and in the Russian Federation - by almost 5 times, while the annual increase during the first year of the pandemic was 88% in Moscow and 24% in Russia. In Moscow, more than a half (66%) of deaths from endocrine causes belongs to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in the Russian Federation - about 80%. Compared to the Russia's average, in Moscow mortality rates from neoplasms are lower by 8%, but at the same time, the decline happens at a similar rate (11-12%)., Conclusions: Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Moscow demonstrates slowdown of growth of mortality rates from obesity-associated diseases compared to the Russian Federation, which could have been positively affected by prevention programs of noncommunicable diseases and promotion of healthy lifestyles.

A broad range of cationic nonstoichiometry has been demonstrated for the Li-rich layered rock-salt-type oxide Li 2 MoO 3 , which has generally been considered as a phase with a well-defined chemical composition. Li 2+ x Mo 1- x O 3 (-0.037 ≤ x ≤ 0.124) solid solutions were synthesized via hydrogen reduction of Li 2 MoO 4 in the temperature range of 650-1100 °C, with x decreasing with the increase of the reduction temperature. The solid solutions adopt a monoclinically distorted O3-type layered average structure and demonstrate a robust local ordering of the Li cations and Mo 3 triangular clusters within the mixed Li/Mo cationic layers. The local structure was scrutinized in detail by electron diffraction and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microcopy (STEM), resulting in an ordering model comprising a uniform distribution of the Mo 3 clusters compatible with local electroneutrality and chemical composition. The geometry of the triangular clusters with their oxygen environment (Mo 3 O 13 groups) has been directly visualized using differential phase contrast STEM imaging. The established local structure was used as input for density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations; they support the proposed atomic arrangement and provide a plausible explanation for the staircase galvanostatic charge profiles upon electrochemical Li + extraction from Li 2+ x Mo 1- x O 3 in Li cells. According to DFT, all electrochemical capacity in Li 2+ x Mo 1- x O 3 solely originates from the cationic Mo redox process, which proceeds via oxidation of the Mo 3 triangular clusters into bent Mo 3 chains where the electronic capacity of the clusters depends on the initial chemical composition and Mo oxidation state defining the width of the first charge low-voltage plateau. Further oxidation at the high-voltage plateau proceeds through decomposition of the Mo 3 chains into Mo 2 dimers and further into individual Mo 6+ cations.

The aim of the work was to study the correlations between the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) and biochemical parameters (BC) of cow milk depending on the somatic cell count (SCC). The BC and TAWSA values of cow milk were measured by spectroscopic and amperometric methods, respectively. The milk samples from the black-and-white cows (Moscow region) were divided according to SCС values: (1) ≤200, (2) 200-499, (3) 500-999, and (4) ≥1000 thousand units/mL. The average TAWSA values for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (33, 15, 13, and 12 milk samples) were the following: 15.95 ± 0.74, 14.45 ± 0.84, 16.04 ± 0.63, and 14.58 ± 1.18. The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 1) were the following: total fat percentage (TFP) -0.305; true protein percentage (TP1) -0.197; total nitrogen percentage (TN2) -0.210; lactose -0.156; solids-not-fat (SNF) -0.276; total dry matter (TDM) -0.399; freezing point (FP) -0.112; pH -0.114; somatic cell count (SCC) - (-0,052). The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 2) were the following: TFP -0.332; TP1 -0.296; TN2 -0.303; lactose - (-0.308); SNF -0.159; TDM -0.391; FP -0.226; pH - (-0.211); SCC -0.193. The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 3) were the following: TFP - (-0.352); TP1 - (-0.411); TN2 - (-0.401); lactose - (-0.166); SNF - (-0.462); TDM - (-0.504); FP - (-0.766); pH - (-0.047); SCC - (-0.698). The correlations between TAWSA and BC (group 4) were the following: TFP -0.159; TP1 -0.046; TN2 - 0.077; lactose - (-0.317); SNF - (-0.237); TDM -0.058; FP - (-0.036); pH - (-0.477); SCC - (-0.072). These data are important in assessing the physiological-biochemical status and state of the antioxidant defense system of cows' organism., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Sergei Yu. Zaitsev et al.)

The Li-based layered nickel-tin oxide Li 0.35 Na 0.07 Ni 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 has been synthesized via electrochemically-driven Li + for Na + exchange in O3-NaNi 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 . The crystal structure of Li 0.35 Na 0.07 Ni 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 was Rietveld-refined from powder X-ray diffraction data ( a = 3.03431(7) Å, c = 14.7491(8) Å, S. G. R 3̄ m ). It preserves the O3 stacking sequence of the parent compound, but with ∼13% lower unit cell volume. Electron diffraction and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed short-range Ni/Sn ordering in both the pristine and Li-exchanged materials that is similar to the "honeycomb" Li/M ordering in Li 2 MO 3 oxides. As supported by bond-valence sum and density functional theory calculations, this ordering is driven by charge difference between Ni 2+ and Sn 4+ and the necessity to maintain balanced bonding for the oxygen anions. Li 0.35 Na 0.07 Ni 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 demonstrates reversible electrochemical (de)intercalation of ∼0.21 Li + in the 2.8-4.3 V vs. Li/Li + potential range. Limited electrochemical activity is attributed to a formation of the surface Li/Ni disordered rock-salt barrier layer as the Li + for Na + exchange drastically reduces the energy barrier for the Li/Ni antisite disorder., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The influence of different synthesis routes on the structure and luminescent properties of KTb(MoO 4 ) 2 (KTMO) was studied. KTMO samples were prepared by solid-state, hydrothermal, and Czochralski techniques. These methods lead to the following different crystal structures: a triclinic scheelite-type α-phase is the result for the solid-state method, and an orthorhombic KY(MoO 4 ) 2 -type γ-phase is the result for the hydrothermal and Czochralski techniques. The triclinic α-KTMO phase transforms into the orthorhombic γ-phase when heated at 1273 K above the melting point, while KTMO prepared by the hydrothermal method does not show phase transitions. The influence of treatment conditions on the average crystallite size of orthorhombic KTMO was revealed by X-ray diffraction line broadening measurements. The electrical conductivity was measured on KTMO single crystals. The orthorhombic structure of KTMO that was prepared by the hydrothermal method was refined using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. K + cations are located in extensive two-dimensional channels along the c- axis and the a- axis. The possibility of K + migration inside these channels was confirmed by electrical conductivity measurements, where strong anisotropy was observed in different crystallographic directions. The evolution of luminescent properties as a result of synthesis routes and heating and cooling conditions was studied and compared with data for the average crystallite size calculation and the grain size determination. All samples' emission spectra exhibit a strong green emission at 545 nm due to the 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 Tb 3+ transition. The maximum of the integral intensity emission for the 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 emission under λ ex = 380 nm excitation was found for the KTMO crashed single crystal.

Lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO 4 , a widely used cathode material in commercial Li-ion batteries, unveils a complex defect structure, which is still being deciphered. Using a combined computational and experimental approach comprising density functional theory (DFT)+ U and molecular dynamics calculations and X-ray and neutron diffraction, we provide a comprehensive characterization of various OH point defects in LiFePO 4 , including their formation, dynamics, and localization in the interstitial space and at Li, Fe, and P sites. It is demonstrated that one, two, and four (five) OH groups can effectively stabilize Li, Fe, and P vacancies, respectively. The presence of D (H) at both Li and P sites for hydrothermally synthesized deuterium-enriched LiFePO 4 is confirmed by joint X-ray and neutron powder diffraction structure refinement at 5 K that also reveals a strong deficiency of P of 6%. The P occupancy decrease is explained by the formation of hydrogarnet-like P/4H and P/5H defects, which have the lowest formation energies among all considered OH defects. Molecular dynamics simulation shows a rich structural diversity of these defects, with OH groups pointing both inside and outside vacant P tetrahedra creating numerous energetically close conformers, which hinders their explicit localization with diffraction-based methods solely. The discovered conformers include structural water molecules, which are only by 0.04 eV/atom H higher in energy than separate OH defects.

The article presents the results of analysis of indices of primary morbidity of adult population in the Russian Federation during implementation of state programs. The purpose of the study was to study the dynamics of indices of primary morbidity of adult population of Federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation in 2006-2011 and 2012-2018. The analysis established the subjects of the Russian Federation where the mentioned indices factually remained unchanged or had negative dynamics. Also, the periods of health care reform with positive dynamics of indices of primary morbidity were determined. Besides, reforming process was not always systematic and not all planned tasks were completed that , resulted in significant discrepancies in values of indices of primary morbidity among particular subjects of the Russian Federation. This kind of analysis permits to identify specific directions of improving regional policy in health care.

Composite positive electrode materials (1- x ) LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 ∙ x Li 2 SO 4 ( x = 0.002-0.005) for Li-ion batteries have been synthesized via conventional hydroxide or carbonate coprecipitation routes with subsequent high-temperature lithiation in either air or oxygen atmosphere. A comparative study of the materials prepared from transition metal sulfates (i.e., containing sulfur) and acetates (i.e., sulfur-free) with powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, high angle annular dark field transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy revealed that the sulfur-containing species occur as amorphous Li 2 SO 4 at the grain boundaries and intergranular contacts of the primary NMC811 crystallites. This results in a noticeable enhancement of rate capability and capacity retention over prolonged charge/discharge cycling compared to their sulfur-free analogs. The improvement is attributed to suppressing the high voltage phase transition and the associated accumulation of anti-site disorder upon cycling and improving the secondary agglomerates' mechanical integrity by increasing interfacial fracture toughness through linking primary NMC811 particles with soft Li 2 SO 4 binder, as demonstrated with nanoindentation experiments. As the synthesis of the (1- x ) LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 ∙ x Li 2 SO 4 composites do not require additional operational steps to introduce sulfur, these electrode materials might demonstrate high potential for commercialization.

The Li 1.17 Ni 0.17 Mn 0.50 Co 0.17 O 2 Li-rich NMC positive electrode (cathode) for lithium-ion batteries has been coated with nanocrystals of the LiMn 1.5 Co 0.5 O 4 high-voltage spinel cathode material. The coating was applied through a single-source precursor approach by a deposition of the molecular precursor LiMn 1.5 Co 0.5 (thd) 5 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) dissolved in diethyl ether, followed by thermal decomposition at 400 °C inair resulting in a chemically homogeneous cubic spinel. The structure and chemical composition of the coatings, deposited on the model SiO 2 spheres and Li-rich NMC crystallites, were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The coated material containing 12 wt.% of spinel demonstrates a significantly improved first cycle Coulombic efficiency of 92% with a high first cycle discharge capacity of 290 mAhg -1 . The coating also improves the capacity and voltage retention monitored over 25 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, although a complete suppression of the capacity and voltage fade is not achieved.

The effects of chitosan as feed additive for animals (FAFAs) on various digestive processes are an important to study because of the animal nutrition and production quality, healthcare and farming. The aims of this study were to evaluate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) of chitosan and high protein microbiologically synthesized concentrate as FAFAs; to assess the effect of these FAFAs on TAWSA values, parameters of sheep blood serum and rumen content by biochemical, physical and chemical methods. The laboratory studies of TAWSA values of feed components based on chitosan from different manufacturers or/and a high-protein concentrate were implemented. The animal experiments were carried out on six rumen-fistulated ewes (in three rounds of 14 days each, i.e., three groups) to confirm the results of the laboratory studies. The particular differences of the TAWSA of sheep blood by using both FAFAs by amperometric method were determined. A strong negative correlation -0.67 (or -0.86) was observed between TAWSA and the total protein (globulin's) content in the blood for the Group 3 of animals. A moderate (0.40) or strong (0.73) positive correlation between TAWSA and total protein content in the blood for the Group 2 of animals than weak correlation 0.23 (or 0.26) for the control Group 1. In conclusion, the correlations between the value changes of TAWSA vs. major biochemical parameters of a blood serum of rumen-fistulated ewes (Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1) or some indicators of the rumen content (ingesta pH, total content of volatile fatty acids, etc.) were found for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Li-ion battery performance and life cycle strongly depend on a passivation layer called solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Its structure and composition are studied in great details, while its formation process remains elusive due to difficulty of in situ measurements of battery electrodes. Here we provide a facile methodology for in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of SEI formation on cross-sectioned composite battery electrodes allowing for direct observations of SEI formation on various types of carbonaceous negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Using this approach, we observed SEI nucleation and growth on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), MesoCarbon MicroBeads (MCMB) graphite, and non-graphitizable amorphous carbon (hard carbon). Besides the details of the formation mechanism, the electrical and mechanical properties of the SEI layers were assessed. The comparative observations revealed that the electrode potentials for SEI formation differ depending on the nature of the electrode material, whereas the adhesion of SEI to the electrode surface clearly correlates with the surface roughness of the electrode. Finally, the same approach applied to a positive LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 electrode did not reveal any signature of cathodic SEI thus demonstrating fundamental differences in the stabilization mechanisms of the negative and positive electrodes in Li-ion batteries.

A new triple tungstate Rb 9-x Ag 3+x Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) synthesized by solid state reactions and spontaneous crystallization from melts presents a new structure type related to those of Cs 7 Na 5 Yb 2 (MoO 4 ) 9 and Na 13 Sr 2 Ta 2 (PO 4 ) 9 . The title compound in centrosymmetric space group Cmcm contains dimers of two ScO 6 octahedra sharing corners with three bridging WO 4 tetrahedra. Three pairs of opposite terminal WO 4 tetrahedra are additionally linked by AgO 2 dumbbells to form {Ag 3 [Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 9 ]} 9- groups, which together with some rubidium ions are packed in pseudohexagonal glaserite-like layers parallel to (001), but stacking of the layers is different in these three structures. In the title structure, the layers stack with a shift along the b axis and their interlayer space contains disordered Rb + cations partially substituted by Ag + ions. Almost linear chains of incompletely filled close Rb3a-Rb3d positions (the shortest distances Rb-Rb are 0.46 to 0.64 Å) are found to locate approximately along the b axis. This positional disorder and the presence of wide common quadrangular faces of Rb2 and Rb3a-Rb3d coordination polyhedra favor two-dimensional ionic conductivity in the (001) plane with Rb + and Ag + carriers, which was confirmed with bond valence sum (BVS) maps. Electrical conductivity measurements on Rb 9 Ag 3 Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 9 ceramics revealed a first-order superionic phase transition at 570 K with a sharp increase in the electrical conductivity. The conductivity σ i  = 1.8 × 10 -3  S cm -1 at 690 K is comparable with the value of 1.0 × 10 -3  S cm -1 (500 K) observed earlier for rubidium-ion transport in pyrochlore-like ferroelectric RbNbWO 6 .

Rational design of technologically important exotic perovskites is hampered by the insufficient geometrical descriptors and costly and extremely high-pressure synthesis, while the big-data driven compositional identification and precise prediction entangles full understanding of the possible polymorphs and complicated multidimensional calculations of the chemical and thermodynamic parameter space. Here we present a rapid systematic data-mining-driven approach to design exotic perovskites in a high-throughput and discovery speed of the A 2 BB 'O 6 family as exemplified in A 3 TeO 6 . The magnetoelectric polar magnet Co 3 TeO 6 , which is theoretically recognized and experimentally realized at 5 GPa from the six possible polymorphs, undergoes two magnetic transitions at 24 and 58 K and exhibits helical spin structure accompanied by magnetoelastic and magnetoelectric coupling. We expect the applied approach will accelerate the systematic and rapid discovery of new exotic perovskites in a high-throughput manner and can be extended to arbitrary applications in other families.

The rechargeable Na-ion batteries attract much attention as an alternative to the widely used but expensive Li-ion batteries. The search for materials with high sodium diffusion is important for the development of solid state electrolytes. We present the results of experimental and ab initio studies of the Na-ion diffusion mechanism in Na9Sc(MoO4)6. The ion conductivity reaches the value of 3.6 × 10-2 S cm-1 at T ∼ 850 K. The 23Na and 45Sc NMR data reveal the coexistence of three different types of Na-ion motion in the temperature range from 300 to 750 K. They are activated at different temperatures and are characterized by substantially different dynamics parameters. These features are confirmed by ab initio calculations of activation barriers for sodium diffusion along various paths.

The article presents the results of analysis of indices of total morbidity of population of the Central Federal Okrug (CFD) of the Russian Federation in 2010-2017. The significant differences in indices of total morbidity between the CFD subjects in certain ICD-10 classes were established. The indices of total morbidity of population during study period (8 years) in the Central Federal District factually didn't altered, while dynamics of indices in other subjects was characterized by multidirectionality. The gap in levels of total morbidity of population in the subjects was significant: from 115,123.6 per 100,000 of population in the Kursk Oblast to 194,404.1 per 100,000 of population in the Orel Oblast. The significant difference in rates of increase/ decrease of indices is noted. Thus, in Moscow decrease rate made up to 10%, while in the Orel Oblast morbidity increased up to 13.1%. Besides, in 2017, the Orel Region took a leadership in rate of increasing of total morbidity in such classes of diseases as infectious and parasitic diseases (39.3%), diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (49.1%), diseases of endocrine system (59,1%), diseases of nervous system (26.8%), diseases of respiratory system (28.2%), diseases of musculoskeletal system (16%), malformations (56%). It is very likely that this trend developed under influence of demographic situation in the subject due to significant increasing of percentage of people older than able-bodied age. The city of Moscow occupies leading position in decreasing of rate of prevalence of diseases and last but one place in level of total morbidity being inferior only to the Kursk Oblast. Thus, in Moscow was noted the most significant decreasing of morbidity in classes of infectious and parasitic diseases (26%) and diseases of digestive system (20.6%). The diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (235.2 per 100,000 population) and mental disorders (2353.5 per 100,000 population) were registered the less. The main contribution into trends of increasing or decreasing of indices is made by persons aged 18 years and older (74.1%).

The design of immobilized enzyme preparations is an important and relevant area of modern sciences and technologies. Immobilization of enzymes from animal sources (component I) on natural carriers (component II) increases the system stability by protecting the active site of the enzyme from deactivation; facilitates the separation and accelerates the recovery of the enzyme. This makes reuse possible and provides a significant reduction in operating costs. Hydrolytic enzymes (such as lipases) and polysaccharides (such as chitosan) are the most promising of such pairs of components. The main attention here is devoted to the discussion on lipase immobilization on polysaccharide (mainly - chitin and chitosan). Based on the analysis of the available literature, the most adequate method is the immobilization of lipase from porcine pancreas (LPP) on polysaccharide particles (such as chitin or chitosan) pre-treated with ultrasound (to increase the particle surface area) and glutaraldehyde (for particle activation) that shows reasonably high LPP activity and stability. In order to increase further the activity of the lipase, some authors proposed to incorporate a spacer in the form of 1,3-diaminopropane (or 1,3-diaminobutane) prior to activation of the surface of the chitosan particles. In particular cases, the use of chitin (instead of chitosan) may be an alternative solution for biotechnological applications. Recently the idea of constructing "supramolecular enzyme systems" realized in the so-called "coimmobilized multienzymatic systems" strategy. The most fascinating example is the combined assay of a mixture of native LPP, glycerol kinase (from Cellulomonas) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (from Aerococcus viridans) linked by glutaraldehyde to chitosan (as shell for inorganic nanoparticle core). This material was placed on a Pt-electrode as biosensor and was successfully applied for amperometric determination of the triglyceride level in the serum of healthy and diseased person. Thus, the whole innovative research-production sequence is described by Aggarwal V. and Pundir C.S.: from simple components to advanced material and further biomedical application. Thus, the following approach of lipase immobilization appears the most promising for future applications: a few types of lipases or the combination of LPP with some other enzymes immobilized simultaneously on multifunctional carriers (as nanohybrids of inorganic core and polysaccharide shell)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The analysis of primary morbidity is the most important indicator of detection of population health in every single subject of the Russian Federation in whole Russia. This approach also permits to monitor impact of economic and social processes on the national level. The article presents analysis of primary morbidity in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2008-2017. The trends are established, the rates of increase and decrease of primary morbidity in every particular subject of the Russian Federation are calculated. The subjects with significant increase of particular classes of diseases according ICD-10 were identified. During last decade, the indices of primary morbidity increased on the whole up to 0.9%. The decrease was registered only in the Central and Privolzhskiy Federal Okrugs (4.3% and -1.6% correspondingly. In the rest of Federal Okrugs increase was registered. The highest level of primary morbidity was registered in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the lowest level in the Kabarda-Balkar Republic. Ib 2017, the Altai Kray became a leader in registration of primary morbidity of neoplasms and diseases of endocrine system and the Pensa oblast took the lead in registration of primary morbidity of diseases of cardiovascular system. In 2017, the highest level of morbidity of diseases of respiratory system was registered in the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug and of diseases of ear and mastoid bone in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. The increase of morbidity in the mentioned classes of diseases in the particular subjects of the Russian Federation requires consideration of leading specialists and corresponding development of measures concerning morbidity stabilizing.

A new triple molybdate, Rb 2 Ag 1+3x In 1-x (MoO 4 ) 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.02), was found in the course of a study of the system Rb 2 MoO 4 -Ag 2 MoO 4 -In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 and was synthesized as both powders and single crystals by solid-state reactions and spontaneous crystallization from melts. The structure of Rb 2 Ag 1+3x In 1-x (MoO 4 ) 3 (x ≉ 0.004) is of a new type crystallizing in the centrosymmetric space group R-3c [a = 10.3982 (9), c = 38.858 (4) Å, Z = 12 and R = 0.0225] and contains (In,Ag)O 6 octahedra and distorted Ag1O 6 trigonal prisms linked by common faces to form [Ag(In,Ag)O 9 ] dimers connected to each other via MoO 4 tetrahedra into an open three-dimensional (3D) framework. Between two adjacent [Ag(In,Ag)O 9 ] dimers along the c axis, an extra Ag2O 6 trigonal prism with about 1% occupancy was found. The Ag1O 6 and Ag2O 6 prisms are located at levels of z ≉ 1/12, 1/4, 5/12, 7/12, 3/4 and 11/12, and can facilitate two-dimensional ionic conductivity. The 12-coordinate Rb atoms are in the framework cavities. The structure of Rb 2 AgIn(MoO 4 ) 3 is a member of the series of rhombohedral 3D framework molybdate structure types with a ≉ 9-10 Å and long c axes, which contain rods of face-shared filled and empty coordination polyhedra around threefold axes. Electrical conductivity of ceramics is measured by impedance spectroscopy. Rb 2 AgIn(MoO 4 ) 3 undergoes a `blurred' first-order phase transition at 535 K with increasing electrical conductivity up to 1.1 × 10 -2  S cm -1 at 720 K. Thus, the compound may be of interest for developing new materials with high ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures.

Two new isostructural compounds, namely heptapotassium silver tetrakis(tetraoxomolybdate), K 7-x Ag 1+x (MoO 4 ) 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), and heptapotassium silver tetrakis(tetraoxotungstate), K 7-x Ag 1+x (WO 4 ) 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), have been synthesized and found to crystallize in the polar space group P6 3 mc (Z = 2) with the unit-cell dimensions a = 12.4188 (2) and c = 7.4338 (2) Å for K 6.68 Ag 1.32 (MoO 4 ) 4 (single-crystal data), and a = 12.4912 (5) and c = 7.4526 (3) Å for K 7 Ag(WO 4 ) 4 (Rietveld analysis data). Both structures represent a new structure type, with characteristic [K1(XO 4 ) 6 ] `pinwheels' of K1O 6 octahedra and six XO 4 tetrahedra (X = Mo, W) connected by common opposite faces into columns along the c axes. The octahedral columns are linked to each other through Ag1O 4 tetrahedra along with the K2 and K3/Ag2 polyhedra, forming the polar rods (...Ag1O 4 -X1O 4 -empty octahedron-Ag1O 4 ...). Ag1 is located almost at the centre of the largest face of its coordination tetrahedron and seems to have some mobility. The new structure type is related to the Ba 6 Nd 2 Al 4 O 15 and CaBaSiO 4 types, and to other structures of the α-K 2 SO 4 -glaserite family. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and second harmonic generation (SHG) results show that both compounds undergo first-order phase transformations to high-temperature centrosymmetric phases.

Two new compounds, namely cubic tricaesium lithium dizinc tetrakis(tetraoxotungstate), Cs 3 LiZn 2 (WO 4 ) 4 , and tetragonal trirubidium dilithium gallium tetrakis(tetraoxomolybdate), Rb 3 Li 2 Ga(MoO 4 ) 4 , belong to the structural family of Cs 6 Zn 5 (MoO 4 ) 8 (space group I-43d, Z = 4), with a partially incomplete (Zn 5/6 □ 1/6 ) position. In Cs 3 LiZn 2 (WO 4 ) 4 , this position is fully statistically occupied by (Zn 2/3 Li 1/3 ), and in Rb 3 Li 2 Ga(MoO 4 ) 4 , the 2Li + Ga atoms are completely ordered in two distinct sites of the space group I-42d (Z = 4). In the same way, the crystallographically equivalent A + cations (A = Cs, Rb) in Cs 6 Zn 5 (MoO 4 ) 8 , Cs 3 LiZn 2 (WO 4 ) 4 and isostructural A 3 LiZn 2 (MoO 4 ) 4 and Cs 3 LiCo 2 (MoO 4 ) 4 are divided into two sites in Rb 3 Li 2 Ga(MoO 4 ) 4 , as in other isostructural A 3 Li 2 R(MoO 4 ) 4 compounds (AR = TlAl, RbAl, CsAl, CsGa, CsFe). In the title structures, the WO 4 and (Zn,Li)O 4 or LiO 4 , GaO 4 and MoO 4 tetrahedra share corners to form open three-dimensional frameworks with the caesium or rubidium ions occupying cuboctahedral cavities. The tetrahedral frameworks are related to that of mayenite 12CaO·7Al 2 O 3 and isotypic compounds. Comparison of isostructural Cs 3 MZn 2 (MoO 4 ) 4 (M = Li, Na, Ag) and Cs 6 Zn 5 (MoO 4 ) 8 shows a decrease of the cubic lattice parameter and an increase in thermal stability with the filling of the vacancies by Li + in the Zn position of the Cs 6 Zn 5 (MoO 4 ) 8 structure, while filling of the cation vacancies by larger Na + or Ag + ions plays a destabilizing role. The series A 3 Li 2 R(MoO 4 ) 4 shows second harmonic generation effects compatible with that of β'-Gd 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 and may be considered as nonlinear optical materials with a modest nonlinearity.

Na9Sc(MoO4)6 {nonasodium scandium hexakis[tetraoxidomolybdate(II)]} was synthesised by a solid-state method. The basic structure units are polyhedral clusters composed of an ScO6 octahedron and three NaO6 octahedra sharing total edges. The clusters are connected by sharing vertices with bridging MoO4 tetrahedra, forming a three-dimensional framework where the cavities are occupied by the other two crystallographically independent Na atoms.

It was shown that a suspension culture of Macleaya cordata accumulated benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids in the cell biomass. By the composition of the alkaloids and their content the cell culture markedly differed from the intact plant and callus tissue. The benzo(c)phenanthridine compounds in the cell culture were mainly represented by the reduced forms: dihydrosanquinarin and dihydrochelirubin. In the green plant they were mainly represented by the oxidized forms: sanquinarin and chelerithrin. The cell culture practically contained no chelerithrin characteristic of the intact plant.

The effect of UV-irradiation on host and virus-specific RNA synthesis in cells infected or transformed by tumor viruses (Ad 5 and SV 40) was studied. It was found that the synthesis of host and Ad 5 RNA in infected KB cells was almost euqally inhibited upon UV-irradiation; the transcription of the EcoRI produced fragements--fragment B was inhibited to a greater extent than fragment A, suggesting that the transcription of the whole Ad 5 genome starts from the left side. The transcription of viral sequences in transformed cells, on the other hand, was more resistant to UV-irradiation than the transcription of the host ones. The results obtained suggest that the small size of the virus transcriptions, or their location at the beginning of large host transcriptions, may be responsible for the observed data.