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Stable, water-soluble titanium complexed with mandelic acid was used as a precursor for titanium phosphorus double oxide obtained in hydrothermal conditions in the presence of phosphoric acid. Surprisingly, hydrolysis of organic complexes provided a microstructured sphere with narrow size distribution, low aggregation and a small fraction of morphological irregularities. Obtained microspheres had a complex structure comprised of flakes, whose size could be manipulated with temperature conditions. Samples were found to be electrochemically active against sulcotrione, a well-recognized herbicide. Electrochemical sensors based on the synthesized microspheres were successfully adapted for natural water reservoir analysis and exhibited low levels of detection of 0.61 µM, limit of quantification of 1.86 µM, wide dynamic linear range from 2 to 200 µM, good selectivity, excellent reproducibility and in-time stability.

Salata (Lactuca sativa L.) je jednogodišnja povrtarska biljka, sa kratkim vegetacionim periodom i mogućnošću gajenja tokom cele godine. Jedna je od najznačajnijih vrsta iz grupe lisnatog povrća, bogata fitonutrijentima koji su esencijalni u ljudskoj ishrani. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi uticaj genotipa, mikrobioloških đubriva i sezone na kvantitativne i kvalitativne osobine salate. U sprovedenim istraživanjima ispitani su kvantitativni (morfološki i agronomski) parametri: visina i prečnik rozete i stabla, broj listova, sveža i suva masa listova, sveža masa stabla i rozete (glavice), kao i kvalitativni (biohemijski) parametri: sadržaj nitrata, ukupne rastvorljive materije i organske kiseline, ukupna antioksidativna aktivnost, ukupni karotenoidi, sadržaj vitamina C, sadržaj ukupnih i pojedinačnih fenolnih jedinjenja, ukupni i pojedinačni seskviterpenski laktoni i aktivnost peroksidaze. Ogledi sa šest genotipova salate (tri zelene ‘Kiribati’, ‘Aquino’, ‘Aleppo’ i tri crvene ‘Murai’, ‘Gaugin’, ‘Carmesi’) bili su postavljeni u kompaniji Iceberg Salat Centar, u Surčinu. Biljke su gajene u plasteniku, bez dodatnog grejanja, tokom tri uzastopne sezone (jesen, zima i proleće), uz primenu mikrobioloških đubriva (EM Aktiv, Vital Tricho i njihova kombinacija). Dobijeni rezultati ogleda ukazuju na uticaj genotipa na ispitivana kvantitativna svojstva salate. Generalno, zelene sorte su pokazale tendenciju veće sveže mase rozete-glavice u odnosu na crvene tokom proleća i zime. Najveću svežu masu rozete ostvarila je zelena sorta ‘Aleppo’ u kontrolnim uslovima prolećnog ogleda, nasuprot crvene sorte ‘Carmesi‘ koja je imala najmanju masu u kontroli jesenjeg ogleda. Sorta ‘Aleppo’ pokazala je sličan trend kod parametra sveža masa listova, gde je u kontroli prolećnog ogleda ostvarila najveće vrednosti, kao i najveću suvu masu listova u zimu primenom kombinacije đubriva, čime se ova sorta izdvojila po stabilnosti za najvažnije kvantitativne komponente. Zelena sorta ‘Aquino‘, Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an annual vegetable crop, with short vegetation period and possibility to cultivate throughout whole year. It is one of the most important species from the leafy vegetables group, enriched with phytonutrients which are essential in human diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genotype, microbiological fertilisers and season on the quantitative and qualitative traits of lettuce. Two types of the parameters were examined, quantitative parameters (morphological and agronomical)- rosette, stem height and diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry leaf weight, stem and rosette (head) fresh weight, as well as, qualitative parameters (biochemical)- nitrate content, total soluble solids, total acidity content, total antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, vitamin C content, total and individual phenolics, total and individual sesquiterpene lactones and peroxidase activity. Experiments with six lettuce cultivars (three green ‘Kiribati’, ‘Aquino’, ‘Aleppo’ and three red ‘Murai’, ‘Gaugin’, ‘Carmesi’) were carried out in the company Iceberg Salat Centar, Surčin. Plants were grown in the greenhouse, without additional heating, during three consecutive growing seasons (autumn, winter and spring), with application of microbiological fertilisers (EM Aktiv, Vital Tricho and their combination). Results showed the influence of the genotype on the quantitative parameters. Mainly, green cultivars showed tendency to higher rosette (head) fresh weight than red in spring and winter. Green cultivar ‘Aleppo’ showed the highest rosette fresh weight in control during spring, compared to red cultivar ‘Carmesi’ with the lowest rosette fresh weight in control conditions in autumn. Cultivar ‘Aleppo’ showed the similar trend to parameter fresh leaf weight, with the highest level in control in the spring trial, as well as the highest dry leaf weight in the winter acomplished with combined fertilisers, whereby this cultivar stood out for its stabil

BACKGROUND: and objectives Quinoa is considered to be a "natural functional food" due to a lot of bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health by helping prevent the risks of different diseases. The aim of this study was to test the health-promoting characteristics of Puno and Titicaca quinoa seeds grown in Serbia by assessing their phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and potential anticancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells. Findings Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the seeds of both cultivars, but their profile and concentration of individual phenolic compounds differed. Cytotoxic activities were present in both cultivars, whereas the pronounced concentration and time-dependent effects were more expressed in Puno extracts. Conclusions The extracts of the seeds of both cultivars are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and with high antioxidant activities. Potent anticancer activity against the human colorectal cancer was expressed in both investigated cultivars. Significance and novelty The study confirmed the health benefit potential of Puno and Titicaca quinoa cultivars, grown in Serbia. These results are the first to demonstrate a potent anticancer activity of quinoa seed extract against the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116, as well as the presence of 7 new phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

Background and objectives: Quinoa is considered to be a “natural functional food” due to a lot of bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health by helping prevent the risks of different diseases. The aim of this study was to test the health-promoting characteristics of Puno and Titicaca quinoa seeds grown in Serbia by assessing their phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and potential anticancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells. Findings: Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the seeds of both cultivars, but their profile and concentration of individual phenolic compounds differed. Cytotoxic activities were present in both cultivars, whereas the pronounced concentration and time-dependent effects were more expressed in Puno extracts. Conclusions: The extracts of the seeds of both cultivars are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and with high antioxidant activities. Potent anticancer activity against the human colorectal cancer was expressed in both investigated cultivars. Significance and novelty: The study confirmed the health benefit potential of Puno and Titicaca quinoa cultivars, grown in Serbia. These results are the first to demonstrate a potent anticancer activity of quinoa seed extract against the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116, as well as the presence of 7 new phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an annual, leafy crop with a short growth in cool season. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microbiological fertilisers, genotype and growing seasons on the fresh weight (FW), concentration of nitrate and vitamin C in the rosette (head) of red lettuce. The greenhouse experiment included three cultivars ('Murai', 'Gaugin' and 'Carmesi') of red lettuce grown in fertile soil during successive growing seasons: autumn, winter and spring. Three types of microbiological fertilisers: (1) mixture of fungi and bacteria and their products, referred to as effective microorganisms (EM), (2) containing Trichoderma spp. and (3) mixture of EM and Trichoderma spp., were applied for red lettuce. Microbiological fertilisers were applied in the soil and via foliar spray before planting. Significantly higher FW of the rosette was in spring and winter than in autumn. The 'Murai' showed significantly the highest (264.7 g) FW of the rosette in spring. Trichoderma spp. fertiliser and the combination of effective microorganisms and Trichoderma spp. significantly increased FW of the rosette for the 'Murai' and 'Gaugin' grown in autumn. The highest nitrate concentration was observed for winter grown 'Carmesi' (805.2 mg kg(-1)) treated by effective microorganisms, and the lowest for spring grown 'Gaugin' (62.2 mg kg(-1)) without microbial fertilisers. Generally, the application of microbiological fertilisers contributed to a significantly higher concentration of nitrate in the rosette of red lettuce. The concentration of nitrate did not exceed maximum level for protected lettuce (EC No 563/2002). In spring, significantly the highest concentration of vitamin C (12.2 mg 100 g(-1) FW) was found in the 'Carmesi' treated with Trichoderma spp. Microbiological fertilisers contributed to significantly higher concentration of vitamin C in the 'Gaugin' and 'Carmesi' grown in winter and spring. This study indicated that genotype, treatment and growth seaso

The aim of this study was to investigate the quinoa fruit and seed microstructure, as well as to determine the qualitative composition of quinoa whole seed spatial localisation of food reserves in cultivars Puno and Titicaca using two complementary spectroscopic techniques (Fourier Transform infrared and Raman). The analyses of the seeds also included measurements of the crude proteins and starch contents. The experiment was carried out during the 2016 growing season in rain-fed conditions in the north of Serbia. The analysis of the scores of the principal components based on the Raman spectra revealed two groups in both seed parts (cotyledons and perisperm). The analysis of the loadings highlighted the spectrum region that contributed to the differentiation, e.g. the band at 472 cm(-1) was related to the amylopectin content in the perisperm region. As for the cotyledons, the spectral range from 1100 to 1650 cm(-1) was responsible for genotype differences and it included both the most important bands derived from Amide I, II and quinoa protein with globoid crystals composed of phytin. IR analysis, similar to the analyses of the crude proteins and starch contents in the seeds, failed to reveal any differences in biochemical composition between two analyzed genotypes.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of long term moderate drought stress on fruit yield and quality of four parents of the MAGIC TOM population and to gain insight into the differences in sensitivity to drought between large fruited and cherry tomatoes. Results showed that long term water deficit had a negative effect on fresh mass and fruit diameter that were more expressed in cherry tomatoes than in large fruited ones. Long term moderate water deficit can improve fruit taste in large fruited tomato genotypes by active metabolic accumulation of soluble sugar and organic acid (sucrose and citric acid), which are also osmotic active compounds. The reduction in fruit growth of cherry tomatoes compared to large fruits could be compensated for by improving fruit nutritional value (ascorbic acid, carotenoids and antioxidant activity) through both concentration and metabolic responses.

The aim of this study was to examine the content of total soluble solids, organic acids and lycopene in fruits of different tomato genotypes grown in organic production. Four different genotypes (Volovsko heart Red cherry, Tigrella and Viva) were used during this experiment. The quality of tomato fruits was analyzed based on the measurement of total soluble solids, organic acids and lycopene in fresh weight of the fruit. The values obtained for the analyzed parameters of fruit quality were as follows: total soluble solids 4.98, 5.26, 5.28 and 4.70 (° Brix), organic acids 160.67, 110.34, 132.77 and 116 (citric acid µmol g-1 FW), lycopene, 8.22, 5.70, 7.61, 9.21 (mg kg-1 FW) in genotypes Volovsko srce, Red cherry, Tigrella and Viva. Oscillations in the obtained parameters, especially in the content of lycopene in different genotypes were probably the result of genetic resources, but also the influence of abiotic factors., Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita sadržaj ukupnih rastvorljivih suvih materija, organskih kiselina i likopena u plodovima različitih genotipova paradajza gajenog u organskoj proizvodnji. Četiri različita genotipa (Volovsko srce, Red cherry, Tigrella i Viva) su korišćeni tokom ovog eksperimenta. Kvalitet plodova paradajza analiziran je na osnovu merenja ukupnih rastvorljivih suvih materija, organskih kiselina i likopena u svežoj masi plodova. Dobijene vrednosti za analizirane parametre kvaliteta plodova su iznosile: ukupne rastvorljive materije 4.98, 5.26, 5.28 i 4.70 (oBrix), organske kiseline 160.67, 110.34, 116 i 132.77 (citric acid µmol g-1 FW), likopen 8.22, 5.70, 7.61, 9.21 (mg kg-1 FW) kod analiziranih genotipova Volovsko srce, Red cherry, Tigrella i Viva. Variranje u dobijenim parametrima, a naročito u sadržaju likopena kod različitih genotipova su bile posledica genetskog potencijala, ali i uticaja abiotičkih faktora.

The effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD), deficit irrigation (DI), and full irrigation (FI) on tomato physiology were investigated. In PRD and DI plants, leaf water potential values and stomatal conductance were significantly lower, while xylem ABA concentration was greater compared to FI plants. Photosynthesis was similar for all treatments. Water use efficiency was improved by PRD and DI, which reduced fruit dry weight, but had no effect on dry weight of leaves and stems., U radu su istraživani efekti delimičnog sušenja korenova (PRD), deficita navodnjavanja (DI) i punog navodnjavanja (FI) na fiziologiju paradajza. Kod PRD i DI biljaka vodni potencijal listova i provodljivost stoma su bili značajno niži, dok je koncentracija ABA u ksilemu bila veća u poređenju sa FI biljkama. Fotosinteza je bila slična kod svih tretmana. PRD i DI tretmani su značajno povećali efikasnost korišćenja vode, redukovali su suvu masu plodova, ali nisu imali uticaja na suvu masu listova i stabla.

Partial root-zone drying (PRD) technique, a novel approach to watering crops, was developed on the basis of knowledge of root-to-shoot signaling in drying soil. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effects of the PRD treatment on tomato growth and the water regime. The obtained PRD results showed significant reduction in shoot but not fruit growth in the absence of any changes in shoot water status, indicating the involvement of chemical root-to-shoot signals. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) results mean that the PRD technique can be used to reduce irrigation water without significant reduction of tomato yield., Tehnika delimičnog sušenja korenova (PRD), novi pristup u navodnjavanju biljaka, razvila se na osnovu saznanja o signalima suše na nivou koren-izdanak. Cilj rada je bio da se ispitaju efekti PRD tretmana na rastenje biljaka i vodni režim. Rezultati su pokazali da je PRD tretman izazvao značajnu redukciju rastenja izdanka, ali ne i plodova u odsustvu promene vodnog statusa izdanka što je indikator uticaja hemijskih signala na nivou koren-izdanak. Povećanje efikasnosti u korišćenju vode (WUE) je pokazalo da se primenom PRD tehnike može redukovati količina vode za navodnjavanje bez značajne redukcije prinosa paradajza.

Modern agriculture is faced with two tasks: (1) to produce enough food for a growing global population, and (2) to ensure satisfactory crop quality while using water resources efficiently. A study of the effect of kaolin on the yield, quality and water use efficiency of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), grown under different irrigation regimes, is reported in the paper. The research was conducted in an open field with carbonate chernozem soil, at Stara Pazova (40 km north of Belgrade, Serbia). It lasted for three years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The experimental setup was a two-factorial, completely random block system, with three replications. The first factor was the irrigation regime and the second the application of kaolin. Two irrigation treatments were studied: (a) full irrigation (F), covering 100% of ETc (crop evapotranspiration), and (b) deficit irrigation (D) at 50% of ETc. The kaolin treatments were: (a) control treatment, without kaolin (C) and treatment with a 5% suspension of kaolin (K). On average, the highest fresh tomato fruit yields were achieved under full irrigation, with kaolin (FK) (21.0 kg m(-2)). The FK treatment also resulted in the greatest dry weight of the fruits (1.1 kg m(-2)). The average fruit weight was rather uniform and ranged from 71.7 g with DC to 75.4 g with DK. The average sugar and lycopene content was quite uniform over the study period, while the irrigation regime had a significant effect on the average organic acid content and total antioxidant activity. Deficit irrigation treatments resulted in a higher organic acid content and higher total antioxidant activity than full irrigation. The application of kaolin had a greater effect of the water use efficiency of tomato than the irrigation treatment.

The use of thermal imaging is a fast growing and potentially important tool in various fields of agriculture. The technology visually identified the rise of temperature in crop canopy which occurs as a result of drought and allows the precise scheduling of crop irrigation. The aim of presenting paper was to demonstrate the application of these techniques on potato plants and to point out on the necessity of irrigation for potato sustainable and economically justified production., Korišćenje termalne infra-crvene termografije je u ekspanziji i sve više nalazi primenu u različitim oblastima poljoprivrede. Ovom tehnologijom se može vizuelno identifikovati porast temperature kod biljaka izloženih suši i to zatim omogućava precizno planiranje i optimalnu primenu navodnjavanja. Cilj ovog rada je da se demonstrira primena ovih tehnologija na biljkama krompira i da se ukaže na neophodnost navodnjavanja u održivoj i ekonomski opravdanoj proizvodnji krompira.

Years which are encompassed by the research, according to the mean daily air temperatures and precipitation, were characterized by the frequent occurrence of extremely warm and dry vegetation periods. The aim of the research is to estimate the economic viability of the production of maize, potatoes and tomatoes in terms of FI (full irrigation). The assessment of the economic viability of the application of the irrigation system when it comes to maize and potato production is done on the basis of a comparative analysis of the realized profit in the natural water regime and FI, whereas in the case of greenhouse tomato production it is done on the basis of comparative analysis of profit achieved in terms of RDI (regulated deficit irrigation) and FI. The research results indicate a positive economic effect of the irrigation system implementation because in our climate the water needs of a culture cannot be satisfied solely by precipitation, and thus water deficit occurs. This lack of rainfall causes yield reduction because it is the main parameter which increases the production profitability. Therefore, increasing the area under irrigation is very important., Godine obuhvaćene istraživanjem, shodno srednjim dnevnim temperaturama vazduha i sumi padavina, odlikovala je učestala pojava sušnih i ekstremno toplih vegetacionih perioda. Cilj istraživanja je ocena ekonomske isplativosti proizvodnje kukuruza, krompira i paradajza u uslovima FI. Ocena ekonomske isplativosti primene sistema za navodnjavanje u slučaju proizvodnje kukuruza i krompira izvršena je na osnovu komparativne analize ostvarenog profita u prirodnom vodnom režimu i FI, dok u slučaju plasteničke proizvodnje paradajza izvršena na osnovu komparativne analize profita ostvarenog u uslovima RDI i FI. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na pozitivan ekonomski efekat primene sistema za navodnjavanje jer u našim klimatskim uslovima kulture svoje potrebe za vodom ne mogu da zadovolje isključivo padavinama, te se tako javlja deficit vode. Upravo taj nedostatak padavina uslovljava redukciju prinosa kao glavnog parametra u povećanju profitabilnosti proizvodnje i iz tog razloga bi povećanje površina pod sistemima za navodnjavanje bilo izuzetno značajno.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different water supply conditions (regulated deficit irrigation - RDI, partial root drying - PRD and full irrigation - FI) on the yield, water use efficiency and fruit quality in tomato plants. Investigations included measurements of yield parameters (number of fruits, a fruit diameter, fruit FW and fruit DW), water use efficiency (WUE) and parameters of fruit quality (sugar, organic acid and lycopene content in fruits). Obtained results showed that partial root drying and regulated deficit irrigation reduced yield by18% comparing to control plants. Also, these methods of irrigation increased water use efficiency and reduced quantity of water for irrigation by 40%. Partial root drying and regulated deficit irrigation increased quality of fruit (especially sugar and organic acid content). These results showed that it was possible to increase fruit quality and to save water for irrigation without significant reduction of yield., Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio da se prouči uticaj različitih metoda navodnjavanja (regulisani deficit navodnjavanja (RDI), delimično sušenje korenova (PRD) i optimalno navodnjavanje (FI)) na prinos, efikasnost usvajanja vode i kvalitet plodova kod biljaka paradajza. Ispitivanja su obuhvatila merenje parametara prinosa (broj, prečnik, svežu i suvu masu plodova), efikasnost korišćenja vode (WUE), kao i parametre kvaliteta plodova (sadržaj šećera, organskih kiselina i likopena u plodovima). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su metode delimičnog navodnjavanja korenova i regulisanog deficita navodnjavanja uticale na redukcije prinosa za oko 18% u odnosu na kontrolu. Takođe, ove metode navodnjavanja su uticale na povećanje efikasnosti korišćenja vode i redukovale su količinu vode za navodnjavanje za 40%. Delimično sušenje korenova i regulisani deficit navodnjavanja su poboljšali kvalitet plodova (posebno sadržaj šećera i organskih kiselina). Ovi rezultati su pokazali da se i po cenu manje redukcije prinosa može ostvariti kvalitetan prinos, a da se pri tome značajno uštedi voda za navodnjavanje.

Because of its specific biochemical and molecular properties and nutrient importance, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model to study fruit growth and development. This review paper addresses several aspects of tomato fruit growth and development including its specific phases, control by water regime, cell wall enzymes, plant hormones and metabolic processes., U ovom radu dat je pregled najnovijih rezultata koji su od značaja za razumevanje biohemijskih i fizioloških procesa u toku rastenja plodova. Rezultati su predstavljeni za paradajz kao model biljku za ispitivanje plodova. Iako nisu detaljno predstavljena, genetska istraživanja takođe doprinose poznavanju rastenja i razvića plodova. Prinos paradajza, kao i drugih kultura, u značajnoj meri zavisi od efikasnosti rastenja plodova te su stoga stečena znanja i od praktičnog značaja.

The effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) on tomato fruit growth and proteome in the pericarp of cultivar Ailsa Craig were investigated. The PRD treatment was 70% of water applied to fully irrigated (FI) plants. PRD reduced the fruit number and slightly increased the fruit diameter, whereas the total fruit fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant did not change. Although the growth rate was higher in FI than in PRD fruits, the longer period of cell expansion resulted in bigger PRD fruits. Proteins were extracted from pericarp tissue at two fruit growth stages (15 and 30 days post-anthesis [dpa]), and submitted to proteomic analysis including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for identification. Proteins related to carbon and amino acid metabolism indicated that slower metabolic flux in PRD fruits may be the cause of a slower growth rate compared to FI fruits. The increase in expression of the proteins related to cell wall, energy, and stress defense could allow PRD fruits to increase the duration of fruit growth compared to FI fruits. Upregulation of some of the antioxidative enzymes during the cell expansion phase of PRD fruits appears to be related to their role in protecting fruits against the mild stress induced by PRD.

The effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) and full irrigation (FI) techniques on tomato fruit growth and cell wall peroxidase activity in tomato exocarp were investigated in growth chamber conditions. The PRD treatment was 50% of water given to FI plants applied to one half of the root system while the other half dried down, with irrigation shifted when soil water content of the dry side decreased 15% to 20%. PRD treatment reduced fresh weight while having no significant effect on fruit dry weight. The activity of peroxidase was significantly higher in PRD treated plants compared to those of FI. Differences between FI and PRD were expressed on temporal basis. In the fruits of FI treated plants peroxidase activity began to increase shortly before the phase when in­tensive fruit growth started to decline with the peak of enzyme activity of 3.3 HRPEU g-1FW. The highest increase of peroxidase activity in PRD fruits coin­cided with the ripening phase and the peak of enzyme activity (5.95 HRPEU g-1FW) was measured at the end of fruit ripening. These data potentially identified different roles of tomato exocarp cell wall peroxidase in PRD treated plants. In FI treated plants a role of peroxidase in restricting fruit growth rate was confirmed, but the increase in enzyme activity during ripening of PRD treated fruit pointed out that cell wall peroxidase may also control fruit maturation by inducing more rapid process. ., U ovom radu ispitivan je efekat različitih tehnika navodnjavanja na rastenje ploda i na aktivnost peroksidaze ćelijskog zida u egzokarpu ploda paradajza. Ispitivane su tehnike delimičnog sušenja korenovog sistema (PRD) i optimalnog navodnjavanja (H) u uslovima gajenja paradajza u komori za gajenje biljaka. Pri primeni PRD tehnike supstrat u polovini korenovog sistema zalivan je sa 50% vode upotrebljene za zalivanje biljaka tretmatoom optimalnog navodnjavanja, dok je druga polovina korenovog sistema isušivana sve dok se sadržaj vode u supstratu nije spustio na 15% do 20%, kada je izvršena inverzija zalivanja. PRD tretman je izazvao samnjenje sveže mase ploda, dok je suva masa ploda ploda ostala nepromenjena. Aktivnost peroksidaze je bila značajno veća kod biljaka gajenih PRD tretmanom nego kod optimalno navodnjavanih biljaka. U egzokarpu plodova optimalno navodnjavanih biljaka aktivnost peroksidaze je rasla neposredno pre faze smanjenja intenzivnog rastenja dostižući maksimalnu vrednost od 3,3 HRPU. Kod PRD tretmana najintenzivniji porast peroksidazne aktivnosti u egzokarpu se vremenski poklapao sa fazom zrenja ploda. Maksimalna enzimska aktivnost od 5,95 HRPU je izmerena na kraju faze zrenja. Ovi podaci ukazuju na različite uloge peroksidaze ćelijskog zida u egzokarpu ploda kod PRD tretiranih biljaka. Kod optimalno navodnjavanih biljaka potvrđena je uloga peroksidaze ćelijskog zida u restrikciji rastenja plodova, a porast enzimske aktivnosti tokom faze zrenja u egzokarpu ploda PRD tretiranih biljaka ukazuje na mogućnost da peroksidaza ćelijskog zida indukujući brži proces učestvuje u kontroli sazrevanja ploda. .

The experiment was carried out to study the theoretical BACKGROUND: of the effects of new deficit irrigation methods (regulated deficit irrigation -RDI and partial rootzone drying - PRD) on tomato plant and fruit growth. The RDI treatment was 50% of water given to fully irrigated (FI) plants and the PRD treatment was 50% of water of FI plants applied to one half of the root system while the other half dried down, with irrigation shifted when soil water content of the dry side decreased to ca. 20%. Plant and fruit growth parameters were measured as well as functional anatomy parameters (xy-lem and phloem areas in fruit pedicels). RDI significantly reduced plant and fruit growth, though PRD reduced shoot growth while having no significant effect on fruit growth. Anatomy data showed that PRD treatment increased phloem area and reduced xylem area in earlier stages of fruit development, although RDI reduced xylem area at the abscission zone in all phases of fruit development. This could lead to hydraulic and chemical isolation of fruits. Greater hydraulic isolation of PRD fruits from the rest of plant could be theoretical explanation why PRD treatment did not significantly influenced tomato fruit growth and yield., Eksperiment je postavljen sa ciljem da ispita teorijsku osnovu efekata novih metoda deficita navodnjavanja (regulisanog deficita navodnjavanja - RDI i delimičnog sušenja korenova - PRD) na rastenje biljaka i plodova paradajza. Biljke izložene RDI tretmanu zalivane su sa 50% vode u poređenju sa optimalno navodnjavanim biljkama (FI). Kod biljaka izloženih PRD tretmanu polovina korenovog sistema zalivana je sa 50% vode, druga polovina korena nije zalivana, pri čemu je vršena inverzija strana kada se vlažnost supstrata u nezalivanoj strani spustila na oko 20%. Mereni su parametri rastenja biljaka i plodova kao i funkcionalna anatomija peteljke ploda (površine ksilema i floema). RDI tretman je značajno redukovao rastenje biljaka i plodova, dok je PRD tretman redukovao rastenje izdanka, ali nije imao značajan efekat na rastenje ploda. Anatomski rezultati pokazuju da je PRD tretman uticao na povećanje površine floema i redukciju površine ksilema u ranim fazama razvića ploda, dok je RDI tretman redukovao površinu ksilema u zoni abscisije u svim fazama razvića ploda. To bi mogao biti uzrok hidraulične i hemijske izolovanosti plodova. Veća hidraulična izolovanost PRD plodova od ostatka biljke može biti teorijsko objašnjenje zbog čega ovaj tretman nije značajno uticao na rastenje plodova paradajza a time i ostvareni prinos.