Search

У раду су детаљно анализирани односи Кнежевине Србије и Османског царства у периоду од 1839. до 1858. године. Пажња је посвећена како улози српског заступника у Цариграду – капућехаје, тако и мухафизима Београда – командантима београдске тврђаве и управницима Београдског ејалета, који су имали значајну улогу у српско-турским односима. Унутрашњи сукоби у Србији који су током наведеног периода прошли кроз више фаза имали су за последицу пет смена на српском престолу и нарушавање српске аутономије, чему је Висока Порта знатно допринела. У обзир су узете међународне околности и улога великих сила у односима аутономне Кнежевине и сизерена. Представљено је уређење српско-турске границе, административно-територијална подела Османског царства и детаљно су анализирани односи српске владе и суседних османских провинцијских управника, погранични спорови и проблеми са шверцерима, дрвокрадицама, пљачкашима и хајдуцима. Политика Србије према хришћанима у околним турским провинцијама итекако представља један од важних аспеката српско-турских односа, па је и томе посвећена посебна пажња. У циљу што свеобухватније анализе односа Кнежевине и Царства представљени су и трговински односи. Рад је највећим делом написан на основу необјављене архивске грађе похрањене у Државном архиву Србије и Архиву Српске академије наука и уметности. Коришћена је сва расположива публикована грађа домаће и стране провенијенције, као и научни резултати српске и турске историографије. Наш циљ у овом раду је био да покушамо да пружимо одговоре на нерасветљена питања и питања којима је до сада било посвећено мало или нимало пажње у историографији. The paper analyzes in detail the relations between the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire in the period from 1839 to 1858. Attention is directed toward Serbian representative in Constantinople – kapı kâhyası/kapı kethüdası, as well as to the muhafiz of Belgrade – the commanders of the Belgrade Fortress and the administrators of the Belgrade Eyalet, which played a significant role in Serbian-Turkish relations. The internal conflicts in Serbia, to which the Sublime Porte significantly contributed, went through several phases during the mentioned period, resulted in five shifts on the Serbian throne and also damaged Serbian autonomy. International affairs and the role of the Great powers also affected relations between the Autonomous Principality and the Suzerain. The arrangement of the Serbian-Turkish border, the administrative-territorial division of the Ottoman Empire were presented, and in detail were analyzed relations between the Serbian government and neighboring Ottoman provincial governors, border disputes and problems with smugglers, wood thieves, robbers and haydukes. Serbia's role towards Christians in the surrounding Turkish provinces is mentioned since it is indeed one of the more important aspects of Serbian-Turkish relations. In order to make a more comprehensive analysis of the relations between the Principality and the Empire, trade relations were presented. The paper was mostly written on the basis of unpublished archival material stored in the State Archives of Serbia and the Archives of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. All available published material of domestic and foreign provenance was used, as well as the scientific results of Serbian and Turkish historiography. Our goal is to try to provide answers to unresolved questions and questions that have so far received little or no attention in historiography.

Rumelijski valija Marašli Ali-paša imenovan je za beogradskog muhafiza i mutesarifa Smederevskog sandžaka u godini u kojoj je završen Drugi srpski ustanak (1815). Na početku njegove uprave uspostavljena je dvojna srpsko-osmanska vlast u Smederevskom sandžaku, koji je poznatiji kao Beogradski pašaluk. Uspostavljanje dvojne vlasti bio je početni korak u borbi za autonomiju srpskog naroda (1815-1833). Korišćenjem neobjavljenih i objavljenih istorijskih izvora i relevantne literature, u radu je predstavljena politička uloga Marašli Ali-paše, kao muhafiza Beograda i mutesarifa Smederevskog sandžaka. U obzir su uzete i međunarodne okolnosti. The vali of Rumelia Marashli Ali Pasha was named the muhafiz of Belgrade and the mutesarrif of Smederevo Sanjak in the year in which the Second Serbian Uprising (1815) ended. At the beginning of his administration, a dual Serbian-Ottoman rule was established in the Sanjak of Smederevo, better known as the Belgrade Pashalik. The establishment of dual rule was the initial step in the struggle for the autonomy of the Serbian people (1815-1833). Using unpublished and published historical sources and relevant literature the paper presents the political role of Marashli Ali Pasha as the muhafiz of Belgrade and the mutesarrif of Smederevo Sanjak. International circumstances were also taken into account.

U radu je dat pregled dešavanja u Staroj Srbiji u periodu od proklamovanja Gilhanskog hatišerifa (1839) do početka sprovođenja tanzimatskih reformi (1845/6). Rad je napisan najvećim delom na osnovu neobjavljene arhivske građe srpskog porekla, objavljenih izvora srpske i britanske provenijencije, domaće i strane štampe i relevantne literature. Akcenat u radu je stavljen na položaj srpskog naroda u Staroj Srbiji, koji je prvih godina nakon proklamovanja reformskog akta bio suočen sa gotovo svakodnevnim arbanaškim zulumima. U ovakvim okolnostima mnoge srpske familije sa ovih prostora često su prebegavale u Kneževinu Srbiju da bi sačuvale svoj život i čast. Proclamation of the famous Gulhane Hatt-i Sharif, the reform act that announced the equality of all subjects of the Ottoman Empire regardless of their religion, started a new age - Tanzimat period (1839-1876), during which a wide program of reforms was initiated that transformed the institutional, economic and social order of the Empire. However, the Tanzimat period did not manifest itself only as the period of renewal, it was the age of great discord and uprising in the Ottoman Empire. Gulhane Hatt-i Sharif did not improve the position of the Serbian people in Old Serbia, where, during the first years after the proclamation of the reform act, constant anarchy ruled. During these years, the Arnaut oppression over the Serbian population became regular, which resulted in a mass migration of Serbian families into the Principality of Serbia. The situation temporarily stabilized after the suppression of the Arnaut anti-reform insurrection of Dervish Cara (1843-1844), after which the implementation of Tanzimat reform started in the territory of Old Serbia.

U radu se ukazuje na pokušaj novog, mladoturskog režima da uvede neke novine i izvrši naplatu zaostalih poreskih obaveza, koje su naišle na neodobravanje Arbanasa u Kosovskom vilajetu. Nastojanje turskih vlasti da sprovedu u delo svoje zamisli naišlo je na veliki otpor među arbanaškim stanovništvom, koji je tokom prve polovine 1910. godine kulminirao i pretvorio se u otvoreni sukob sa turskom vojskom. Pobune su se javljale sporadično i prenosile se iz jednog u drugi kraj. Takva situacija dovela je do pomeranja turske vojske iz drugih delova Osmanskog carstva i koncentraciju u krajevima zahvaćenih pobunom. Pasivno ponašanje turskih državnih organa i vojske odlagalo je rešavanje ovog problema. Tek kada se s turske strane odlučnije postupilo, došlo je ugušenja pobune. Odlučujuću ulogu u tim zbivanjima imao je Šefket Turgut paša, koji je naneo nekoliko važnih poraza pobunjenicima. Arbanaške pobune tokom prve polovine 1910. godine pokazale su svu slabost Osmanskog carstva, ali i spremnost velikih sila da se aktivno uključe u rešavanje ovog pitanja, gledajući pre svega svoje interese. New Youth-Turkish movement tried to introduce some novelties and carry out the collection of the remaining tax liabilities which faced with the non-approval of the Albanians in Kosovo villayet. The Albanians opposed the introduction of new cash benefits including the payment of the already existing ones. The endeavour of the Turkish authorities to implement their thoughts faced with great resistance among the Albanian population, which escalated during the first half of 1910and turned into open conflict with Turkish army. The first greater conflicts broke out between Đakovica and Peć, and enlarged afterwards to Kosovsko Pomoravlje and Lab. The passivity of the Turkish authorities and army as well as the avoidance of conflicts with the Albanians led to the appearance of more mutually non-connected rebellions. The number of regular Turkish units at this area at the beginning of the uprising was small. The bodies of the central power avoided conflicts and tried to reconcile the Albanians but, as the movement was getting wider and expanding, there were the influx of Turkish army from other parts of the Ottoman Empire and its concentration in the rebelled parts. Shefket Turgut pasha was the army commander whose dedication to the tasks execution led to the preponderance over the rebelled Albanians. He had managed to eliminate all resistance-related points so that until the end of May the army established order and peace at the rebelled territories after that it came about the disarmament of the Albanians. Nevertheless, the disarmament was not carried out properly due to the fact the Youth-Turkish regime after military victories wanted to make a bargain with the Albanians and got them for their ideas - 'to stay as the rampart of the Empire in Europe', as they used to be during the sultan Abul Hamid. Although some leaders of the rebellions and their partisans had been prosecuted in Thessaloniki and Skopje, the penalties were mild, and some of them were released home at the end of the year. Differently from them, Serbian teachers accused of arms possession stayed in the prison any longer waiting to be taken to the court. During the first half of 1910, Albanian rebellions showed all weak points of the Ottoman Empire, which were to be found in unenviable financial position. The events in Old Serbia had been followed with attention by the surrounding Balkan states including great powers, out of which some took part in these events.