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The article systematizes theoretical and methodological provisions on the international experience of the formation of machine learning in interests of economic development and strengthening of defense capabilities on the example of the USA and China. On the basis of official documents and statistical data the state strategies, the strategy of machine learning formation for dual-use technology and the methodology of state regulation of machine learning in the countries under consideration are analysed. Increasing complexity of modern digital technologies is compensated by their growing interoperability - their readiness to integrate into various heterogeneous spheres of state development without the need for costly adaptation measures.

In 2024, due to sanctions restrictions, the availability of medical raw materials may be seriously limited, which acutely raises the question of the availability of its own, Russian base of medicinal raw materials. The concept of pharmaceutical safety of the country involves expanding the range of cultivated medicinal plants, primarily in the northern regions, where special soil and climatic conditions (long daylight hours, low temperatures of the growing season, soil conditions) allow plants to accumulate a greater amount of biologically active substances compared to plants cultivated in the southern regions. One of the most valuable, but sparsely distributed species of medicinal plants is the common autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), which contains a sparsely distributed alacloid – colchicine. Colchicine is a valuable alkaloid used in medicine and in plant breeding. Previously, it was found that the common autumn crocus containing the alkaloid colchicine tolerates winter in South Karelia and can be used as a local source of colchicine. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the features of the introduction of the common autumn crocus on sod-podzolic mineral soils of South Karelia.

The first period (the second quarter of the 19th – the end of the 19th centuries) has been characterized by a long but unsystematic accumulation of materials represented by chance finds. Mostly Greek and Latin inscriptions and coins have been studied. In the second period (1900–1940), the archaeological study of Tyras has begun. They have managed to establish the cultural layers thickness; materials of excavations have been actively published, historical observations of a general nature made. The third period (40s – early 60s of the 20th Century) is associated with the beginning of a systematic study of the site. Important construction and production complexes have been discovered. Systematization of mass material has begun. The questions of economy, trade, ethnocultural relations of the city with the outside world have been raised. In the next period (from the late 60s of the 20th Century until now), high-quality observations of the monument’s stratigraphy and its boundaries have been performed, a representative collection of materials has been amassed; the materials collected are being actively introduced into scientific circulation.

The article systematizes theoretical and methodological provisions on the prospects of deployment of environmental safety, digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, industrial Internet, additive manufacturing and other elements of the “Industry 4.0” concept at Russian high-tech enterprises in order to improve the efficiency of finished products and dual-use technologies. Current and prospective areas of integration of “Industry 4.0” concept elements into production processes are considered, examples of successful cases of implementation of “Industry 4.0” technologies at Russian high-tech enterprises are given. The article identifies and analyzes the factors that stimulate and restrain the integration of the elements of the “Industry 4.0” concept at Russian high-tech enterprises. The results of the article can be used for further improvement of the state economic and legal regulation of digital technology development.

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of iron impurity centers in the Al2[SiO4] lattice are presented. Characteristic defects of the system have been found to lead to the appearance of lines with abnormally large values of g-factors (4.33 and 2.66) in the EPR spectra. The results of the experiment are discussed within the framework of a previously developed model with a defect involving an impurity iron ion replacing the Al3+ or Si4+ ion . The " Fe3+ - vacancy" model is a special case of a complexes with strong tetragonal distortion. The g-factors are calculated taking into account the covalent nature of the bond.

This article aims to explore the possibility of using the Kalman filter to filter images. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that at present the tasks of image processing have become of great importance in many areas, such as industry, science, medicine, space industry and agriculture. Methods for improving image quality are of great applied and scientific interest for the agricultural sector, since machine vision methods are now widely used in assessing the condition of agricultural plants, soil condition, sorting of agricultural products, controlling unmanned agricultural machines, etc. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm and software for filtering grayscale images. The article consists of four parts: Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Conclusions. The first part describes the relevance of the topic, discusses the reasons for obtaining noisy images. The second part describes the Kalman filter algorithm as applied to image filtering problems. In the third part, the results of the software implementation of the developed algorithm are considered, which make it possible to evaluate the quality of image filtering. In the fourth part conclusions are drawn and summed up. The main results of the work are the algorithmic implementation of noise removal from halftone images grayscale images using a software tool developed as part of these studies.

In this study, we verified the theory about the greatest steepness in body size variation in insects males compared with females in altitude gradients. As the model, ground beetles took as the appreciated bioindicators. We sampled three species of carabids at two regions: Carabus odoratus and Pterostihusmontanus were sampled at four elevations at Barguzin Ridge (N 54° 20’; E 109° 30’, Russia) and Carabus exaratus – at three elevations in mountainous terrain in Chechnya Republic (42088’N 46044’E Russia). We measured more than 1000 individuals by six linear traits and construct regression models of females’ and males’ size variation along elevation gradients. The regression slopes in the majority of the overwhelming case (14 models out of 18) were sex-biased. In P. montanus elytra length variation and C. exaratus traits width variation, the slopes differed in males and females only: In the first case, trait value in females significantly increased and in the second traits values varied in opposite directions. Therefore, we did not find evidence of greater steepness in male traits variation in ground beetles.

A traction-driven tillage tool with low traction resistance has been developed. A decrease in the tractive resistance of the implement is achieved by transferring the main share of the power consumed by the implement to the process of loosening the soil through the tractor power take-off shaft (PTO) to the drive needle discs, which in turn create a pushing force. The efficiency of the technological process of soil cultivation depends on the kinematic mode of operation of each row of disk working bodies of the tractiondrive tillage implements. To optimize their kinematic mode of operation, a multifactorial experiment was carried out, which made it possible to establish the optimal values of such factors as the kinematic parameters of the 1st and 2nd rows of needle disks at the set operating speed of the unit.

The main objectives of the study are the analysis and generalization of the parameters that determine the intensity of the sintering, the development of a model of motion of the combustion zone of the sinter charge. As a result of the analysis of the known indicators of the intensity of the sintering process, it was shown that the most representative characteristic of the intensity of the process is the vertical sintering speed, which is an integral part of the complex intensity indicator − the specific productivity of the sintering machine. Many various models of the sintering process have been developed. The author develops a new mathematical model of the motion of the solid fuel combustion zone during sintering of the sinter charge (vertical sintering speed). The model is presented in the form of an expanding network of separate interrelated dependencies (equations), selected as independent submodels. The results of the study using the developed model of the dependence of the vertical sintering speed on the solid fuel content and on the flux content in the charge, are presented. It is concluded that the presented model can be considered as an element of a universal model software complex of the sintering process.

Tillage energy efficiency increase is one of the important tasks in improving the profitability and sustainability of agricultural production. The paper proposes to increase cultivation energy efficiency due to the use of traction-drive tilling implement with active working bodies, not creating a high traction resistance and not requiring a large towing weight of aggregated tractor. The analysis of the energy efficiency of soil cultivation using traction-driven tilling implements with active working bodies has been carried out, and theoretical dependences of the coefficient of efficiency of a traction-driven machine-tractor unit has been obtained. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of the unit by reducing slipping of the tractor wheels and losses on rolling of the unit has been determined, which has been achieved by transferring part of the power through the power take-off shaft (PTO) of tractor to the drive working bodies of tilling implement, which compensate for traction resistance of the implement and create a pushing force, reducing the resistance to rolling.

Changes in the specific liver mass, number of single and binucleate cells of different ploidy, mitotic index and alteration index, DNA content and inclusion of 3H-thymidine in DNA of Wistar rats and CBA mice in the following conditions: at 0°C for 3, 7, 14 days for 23 hours per day, and in the highlands conditions (3, 200 m above sea level) for 3 and 30 days. Activation of regenerative processes has been established — proliferation of hepatocytes (mainly diploid) in combination with polyploid cell share reduction, as well as cellular hypertrophy development. Cell dynamics shifts persisted throughout the observation duration and were opposite in direction when growing up and aging.

Many years of coal production have led to significant changes in the stability of the rock mass and the earth's surface in the territory of the coal mining regions of Ukraine. The reasons for such changes are the increase of fracture and decrease of the strength of rocks, stratification and hanging of rocks in the boundary parts of workings, the presence of interstices in the coal-face workings, large-scale subsidence of the earth's surface, underworking of a considerable number of buildings, structures and infrastructure.

The study is aimed at the issued of environmental planning and management of energy resource extraction in the Russian Arctic Zone. The paper presents a systematic overview of the factors currently hindering comprehensive analysis of the consequences of intensified industrial development of energy resources, and consequently, effective managerial decision-making counteracting negative environmental impacts in the Russian Arctic. The environmental safety of oil and gas facilities on the shelf greatly depends on a system for continuous environmental monitoring, which allows developing measures to reduce environmental risks. There were formulated the main provisions of environmental monitoring as an element of the environmental planning system for facilitating effective managerial decision-making in industrial development of Arctic energy resources.

This paper considers processing of conflicting user requests in ubiquitous corporate smart spaces. The formulated problem consists in the contradiction between the limitation of available smart space resources to perform the conflicting user requests and necessity to provide the proper quality of service in corporate smart spaces. The principles of constructing the simulation model are described. The experiments were carried out basing on a model of the SPIIRAS digital signage service. Several task management strategies are discussed, an assessment of their effectiveness is given. The research is aimed at improving the quality of service and user experience in human-computer interaction within the corporate smart spaces.

The results of magnetoelectric effect experimental studies in two different structures based on piezoelectric semiconductor gallium arsenide are presented. The monolithic structure consisted of a gallium arsenide substrate with deposited nickel layer (GaAs-Ni), and the composite structure contained a semiconductor substrate with an amorphous magnetic alloy (GaAs-Metglas) ribbon glued on one side. A quality factor Q ≈ 23500 and magnetoelectric coefficient of 316 V/Oe.cm were achieved at the frequency of planar acoustic oscillations for GaAs-Ni structure at room temperature.

The described method allows for detection of rare linear DNA fragments generated during genomic deletions. The predicted limit of the detection is one DNA molecule per 107 or more cells. The method is based on anchor PCR and involves gel separation of the linear DNA fragment and chromosomal DNA before amplification. The detailed chemical structure of the ends of the linear DNA can be defined with the use of additional PCR-based protocols. The method was applied to study the short-lived linear DNA generated during programmed genomic deletions in a ciliate. It can be useful in studies of spontaneous DNA deletions in cell culture or for tracking intracellular modifications at the ends of transfected DNA during gene therapy trials.

Employment of various protocols and technologies in IoT networks leads to the lack of module unification and increase in incompatible technical solutions. Modern IoT networks are not designed for streaming audio/video data, so their application field is limited. Also, modern IoT networks should have connection areas for devices transferring data to the Internet, and consider hardware and software specific characteristics of these devices. We offer one-size-fits-all solution for organization of IoT network, using hybrid modules. These devices provide flexibility, scalability, energy efficiency and multi-use of network for the transfer of various types of data. This approach takes into account software and hardware features of the devices used for data transmission in IoT networks, which helps to automate connecting the modules chosen by user.

A new one-dimensional approach to the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) modelling in the presence of an inductive electric field is suggested in this paper. The approach is based on using time-dependent solutions of a well-known Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function of fast electrons calculated concurrently with solving plasma transport equation in the Automated System for TRansport Analysis (ASTRA) [1]. A good agreement between experimental and modelling results is demonstrated for an FT-2 [2] plasma shot. Also new formulae for the steady-state solution of this kinetic equation are found.