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Purpose: "Combined COPD Assessment" in the classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was proposed as a new method by The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity, and muscle strength (respiratory and peripheral muscle strength) between two groups (Group B and C) of the new GOLD combined COPD assessment in this study. Methods: Patients were categorized into group B (n=18) and C (n=18) according to the GOLD combined COPD assessment. Patients' exercise capacity (the six-minute walk test [6MWT]) and the six-minute pegboard and ring test [6PBRT]), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP] and maximal expiratory pressure [MEP]), and peripheral muscle strength (hand-grip and knee extensor strength) were assessed. Results: The MEP value was significantly higher in group B than in group C (p=0.024). Other values (6MWT distance, 6PBRT score, MIP values, and peripheral muscle strength) were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that comprehensive assessment is very important to evaluate patients with COPD. The GOLD spirometry measures are not solely enough, symptoms and exacerbation history must be evaluated. © 2018 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. All rights reserved.

Problem Statement: Like all organizations, schools as well, have to be effective and efficient in order to survive. It becomes difficult to realise effective schooling when the individual himself doesn't feel safe. To create that safe environment on school grounds is the responsibility of school management. Any event that hinders the teaching and training process at schools, and sometimes makes it stop working, is defined as 'crisis' and crises at schools can vary from a simple power failure or the accidents in science labs to a student's getting hurt or even death because of the fall of the flagstaff, and shootings/assaults with weapons on school grounds or armed/unarmed intruders or trespassers. It is possible to experience an effective and productive teaching process and a safe school environment only by the whole staff's being aware of the possible crises and by the effective management of these crises which may occur at schools. When considered that the school environment has certain effects on students' achievement, it becomes more evident that researching the management of the crises met at schools is important. Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study is to determine the perceptions of high school teachers in the city center of Denizli related to the effective management of the crises they come across in their schools and to develop proposes related to this subject. Methods: In this study descriptive survey has been used. The sample of the study consists of 310 randomly chosen teachers working in public high schools during the 2007-2008 Academic Year. The 33 item scale developed by the researchers was administered to the subjects in order to collect data. The data was analyzed by using the techniques such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one way variance analysis. Findings and Results: According to the perceptions of the teachers who work in the central high schools of Denizli, the most frequently seen crisis at schools is 'violence towards a student by another student'; the crises observed at schools are managed 'partially' appropriately according to the academical management strategies and, the crises on which teachers have training needs most are 'armed/unarmed intruder', 'bomb threat', 'drug addict students' or 'gang related attacks'. Conclusions and Recommendations: Expansive seminars can be held upon reasons and results of violence at schools. Health controls can often be carried out at schools; infirmary sections at schools can be improved. If every school has its own generator, power failures affect school functions less. Obligatory in-service training courses entitled as crisis management for teachers and managerial staff should be given by specialists.

Problem Statement: Like all organizations, schools as well, have to be effective and efficient in order to survive. It becomes difficult to realise effective schooling when the individual himself doesn't feel safe. To create that safe environment on school grounds is the responsibility of school management. Any event that hinders the teaching and training process at schools, and sometimes makes it stop working, is defined as 'crisis' and crises at schools can vary from a simple power failure or the accidents in science labs to a student's getting hurt or even death because of the fall of the flagstaff, and shootings/assaults with weapons on school grounds or armed/unarmed intruders or trespassers. It is possible to experience an effective and productive teaching process and a safe school environment only by the whole staff's being aware of the possible crises and by the effective management of these crises which may occur at schools. When considered that the school environment has certain effects on students' achievement, it becomes more evident that researching the management of the crises met at schools is important., Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study is to determine the perceptions of high school teachers in the city center of Denizli related to the effective management of the crises they come across in their schools and to develop proposes related to this subject., Methods: In this study descriptive survey has been used. The sample of the study consists of 310 randomly chosen teachers working in public high schools during the 2007-2008 Academic Year. The 33 item scale developed by the researchers was administered to the subjects in order to collect data. The data was analyzed by using the techniques such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one way variance analysis., Findings and Results: According to the perceptions of the teachers who work in the central high schools of Denizli, the most frequently seen crisis at schools is 'violence towards a student by another student'; the crises observed at schools are managed 'partially' appropriately according to the academical management strategies and, the crises on which teachers have training needs most are 'armed/unarmed intruder', 'bomb threat', 'drug addict students' or 'gang related attacks'., Conclusions and Recommendations: Expansive seminars can be held upon reasons and results of violence at schools. Health controls can often be carried out at schools; infirmary sections at schools can be improved. If every school has its own generator, power failures affect school functions less. Obligatory in-service training courses entitled as crisis management for teachers and managerial staff should be given by specialists.

Objective: To investigate the functional capacity in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects. Methods: The present study was conducted in the School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Chest Medicine, Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, from June 2002 to July 2003. Forty-five male patients with severe (23 moderately severe, 22 very severe) COPD and 45 healthy controls participated in the study. Pulmonary function tests and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed. The Borg score and heart rate were measured before and after the test. External work of walking was calculated as the product of body weight and walked distance. Functional dyspnea was measured using the modified Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Results: Both distance and external work of 6MWT were significantly lower in severe COPD patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.05). No significant differences in distance, external work, and exertional dyspnea were found between moderately severe and very severe COPD patients (p > 0.05). Patients with very severe impairment had a significantly lower percentage of predicted 6MWT distance (p < 0.05). In these patients, 6MWT distance was correlated significantly with forced expiratory flow in one second (FEV1), MRC score, and Borg score whereas external work of walking correlated with age, FEV1, forced expiratory flow from 25-75%, MRC, and resting Borg score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severe COPD patients had a significantly impaired functional capacity as compared to their healthy counterparts. Patients with FEV1 < 35% have a lower percentage of functional capacity. Both distance and external work of 6MWT are influenced by large and small airway function, level of breathlessness reported during daily activity or scored during an exercise test in patients with FEV1 < 35%.

1. ÖZET Ailevi Akdeniz Ateşi (Familial Mediterranean fever: FMF), kısa periyodik ateş ve serozal dokutan etkileyen iltihap atakları ile karakterize otozomal resessif bir hastalıktır. Öncelikle Akdeniz ve çevresindeki populasyonlan etkilemekle birlikte, hastalık Ermeni, Sefardik Museviler, Türk ve Arap populasyonlan ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Heterozigot taşıyıcı sıklığı, bu toplumlarda yüksek seviyelere ulaşmaktadır. FMF'in en önemli komplikasyonu özellikle renal ve ilerleyici olan amiloidoz'dur. Amiloidoz, böbrek yetmezliği ile sonuçlanır. Elazığ ili ve çevresinde FMF, MEFV gen mutasyonlannın incelenmesi amacı ile hazırlanan çalışma doğrultusunda Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Biyoloji ve Genetik ABD'a başvuran 35 hastanın MEFV gen mutasyonlan ve fenotip-genotip ilişkisini belirleme çalışmalan yapılmıştır. Dört farklı MEFV gen mutasyonu incelenmiş, Türk ve dünya literatüründe sunulan bilgilerle mukayese edilmiştir. Ülkemizde henüz sağlıklı olarak elde edilmemiş olan heterozigot taşıyıcılığının yüksek olduğunu gösteren bulgular elde edilmiştir. Diğer yandan mutasyon inceleme yöntemimiz, FMF'in toplum taraması için bir tarama aracı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bizim toplumumuzda yaygın diğer mutasyonlann da eklenmesi ile bu yöntem daha da geliştirilecektir. Böylece sağlıklı genetik danışmanlık ve populasyon taramalan ile FMF için önleyici ve daha geçerli yaklaşımlar temin edebileceğimizi düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: FMF, MEFV Mutasyonlan, Türk toplumu, fenotip-genotip ilişkisi. 2. ABSTRACT Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease which characterized with short periodic fever, inflammation attacks involving pleura, periton and synovia. Although the disease had involved primarily populations of the area surrounding Mediterranean, the disease had remained restricted to Armanian, Sephardic Jews, Turkish and Arab populations. The frequency of the heterozygote carriers is reaching high levels in these populations. The most important complication of FMF is the amiloidosis which is especially renal and progressive. Amiloidosis results in renal failure. It has been performed that phenotype-genotype correlations and MEFV mutations detection of the 35 FMF patients submitted Firat University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics in the province of Elazig. It has beeen detected four distinct mutations of the MEFV and evaluated by comparision of the data presenting in Turkish and worldwide literature. We have provided findings that revealed high heterozygote carriers level which had beeen still unavailable in Turkey right now. On the other hand, our mutation detection method has been evaluated as a screening tool for population screening for FMF. By addition of new mutations which are common in our population, this method will be improved. So we consider that we could provide more accurate data and preventive approach by current genetic counseling and population screening. Key words: FMF, MEFV mutations, Turkish population, phenotype-genotype correlations. 91