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Ce rapport final présente une synthèse des données et des premiers résultats obtenus par l'OTHU pour la convention MATE / INSA de Lyon n°06/01 notifiée en novembre 2001 pour 24 mois et prolongée de 18 mois en septembre 2003. Ces données et ces résultats seront utilisés au sein de l'OTHU pour diverses actions de recherche liées à la métrologie, l'évaluation des incertitudes, la validation des données, la connaissance des flux polluants produits par les bassins versants. Après avoir rappelé les objectifs initiaux de la convention, le rapport indique les principales raisons qui ont conduit à apporter des modifications non pas à la définition des objectifs mais aux moyens mis en ½uvre : réduction des sites expérimentaux, retards dans l'équipement de certains sites en raison de contraintes liées à des travaux de réhabilitation ou à des exigences administratives ou de sécurité d'accès, délais et réduction du nombre d'évènements pluvieux mesurés sur prélèvements en raison de contraintes budgétaires et des capacités insuffisantes des laboratoires d'analyse extérieurs,.. Obtenir des séries de données validées sur une longue durée constitue un des objectifs majeurs de l'OTHU, objectif indispensable pour effectuer des investigations sur le long terme et fournir des conclusions scientifiquement fondées car établies sur une large base de données reflétant la très grande variabilité des phénomènes observés par temps de pluie sur les systèmes d'assainissement urbains. De ce point de vue, mes résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette convention ne constituent qu'un point de départ : les campagnes de mesure seront poursuivies après 2005 sur les sites déjà équipés, et l'effort consacré aux capteurs en continu sera renforcé au vu des premiers résultats très encourageants obtenus.

Website: https://www6.inra.fr/wheatamix The present document details how the Wheatamix consortium, inspired by ecological experiments exploring relationships between plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (e.g. the Jena experiment Weisser et al. 2017), selected bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines, phenotyped them across a range of functional traits and used this information to set up an experimental design able to unravel the effects of variety number and of the functional diversity and identity within variety mixtures for evaluating the impact of intraspecific crop diversity on a range of ecosystem services. Wheat line selection The Wheatamix project investigates the potential benefits of variety mixtures in the Paris basin wheat supply chain, and therefore focuses on varieties and lines adapted to the local climate. A consensus list of 57 wheat lines (Table 1) was thus settled on these grounds and to meet the expectations of agronomists, geneticists, phytopathologists and ecophysiologists of the group. This list is composed of i) 32 elite bread wheat varieties registered in the French catalogue, selected for their high yields under conventional farming, ii) 5 modern varieties bred for organic farming (OF), iii) 10 landraces resulting from farmers' mass-selection, cultivated in France in the early 1900es, and iv) 11 lines from an INRA-MAGIC multiparental and highly recombinant population (Thepot et al., 2015), adapted to Northern France. Due to the heterogeneity of information available for each variety and line, various criteria were used for this selection. The 32 elite bread wheat varieties were chosen on the basis of their wide use in the Paris Basin, and to ensure representativeness of the diversity for earliness, disease resistance or bread-making quality, using the available information in the variety

Herein, we report a general iminium ion‐based catalytic method for the enantioselective conjugate addition of carbon‐centered radicals to aliphatic and aromatic enals. The process uses an organic photoredox catalyst, which absorbs blue light to generate radicals from stable precursors, in combination with a chiral amine catalyst, which secures a consistently high level of stereoselectivity. The generality of this catalytic platform is demonstrated by the stereoselective interception of a wide variety of radicals, including non‐stabilized primary ones which are generally difficult to engage in asymmetric processes. The system also served to develop organocatalytic cascade reactions that combine an iminium‐ion‐based radical trap with an enamine‐mediated step, affording stereochemically dense chiral products in one‐step., An organocatalytic method for the enantioselective conjugate addition of carbon radicals to aliphatic and aromatic enals is reported. The system imparts consistently high stereoselectivity for the interception of a wide variety of radicals, including highly reactive primary radicals. The protocol also serves to develop radical cascade processes leading to stereochemically dense chiral products in one‐step.

We report a radical-based organocatalytic method for the direct benzylation of allylic C–H bonds. The process uses nonfunctionalized allylic substrates and readily available benzyl radical precursors and is driven by visible light. Crucial was the identification of a dithiophosphoric acid that performs two distinct catalytic roles, sequentially acting as a catalytic donor for the formation of photoactive electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes and then as a hydrogen atom abstractor. By mastering these orthogonal radical generation paths, the organic catalyst enables the formation of benzylic and allylic radicals, respectively, to then govern their selective coupling. The protocol was also used to design a three-component radical process, which increased the synthetic potential of the chemistry.