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1. Ultra-low threshold cw and pulsed lasing in tensile strained GeSn alloys

Author

Elbaz, A., Buca, D., Driesch, N. Von den, Pantzas, K., Patriarche, G., Zerounian, N., Herth, E., Checoury, X., Sauvage, S., Sagnes, I., Foti, A., Ossikovski, R., Hartmann, J. -M., Boeuf, F., Ikonic, Z., Boucaud, P., Grutzmacher, D., and Kurdi, M. El

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Optics
Abstract

GeSn alloys are the most promising semiconductors for light emitters entirely based on group IV elements. Alloys containing more than 8 at.% Sn have fundamental direct band-gaps, similar to conventional III-V semiconductors and thus can be employed for light emitting devices. Here, we report on GeSn microdisk lasers encapsulated with a SiNx stressor layer to produce tensile strain. A 300nm GeSn layer with 5.4 at.% Sn, which is an indirect band-gap semiconductor as-grown with a compressive strain of -0.32 %, is transformed via tensile strain engineering into a truly direct band-gap semiconductor. In this approach the low Sn concentration enables improved defect engineering and the tensile strain delivers a low density of states at the valence band edge, which is the light hole band. Continuous wave (cw) as well as pulsed lasing are observed at very low optical pump powers. Lasers with emission wavelength of 2.5 um have thresholds as low as 0.8kWcm^-2 for ns-pulsed excitation, and 1.1kWcm^-2 under cw excitation. These thresholds are more than two orders of magnitude lower than those previously reported for bulk GeSn lasers, approaching these values obtained for III-V lasers on Si. The present results demonstrate the feasabiliy and are the guideline for monolithically integrated Si-based laser sources on Si photonics platform.

Published
2020
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10. Evaluation of receptor and chemical transport models for PM10 source apportionment

Author

Belis, C.A., Pernigotti, D., Pirovano, G., Favez, O., Jaffrezo, J.L., Kuenen, J., Denier van Der Gon, H., Reizer, M., Riffault, V., Alleman, L.Y., Almeida, M., Amato, F., Angyal, A., Argyropoulos, G., Bande, S., Beslic, I., Besombes, J.-L., Bove, M.C., Brotto, P., Calori, G., Cesari, D., Colombi, C., Contini, D., De Gennaro, G., Di Gilio, A., Diapouli, E., El Haddad, I., Elbern, H., Eleftheriadis, K., Ferreira, J., Vivanco, M. Garcia, Gilardoni, S., Golly, B., Hellebust, S., Hopke, P.K., Izadmanesh, Y., Jorquera, H., Krajsek, K., Kranenburg, R., Lazzeri, P., Lenartz, F., Lucarelli, F., Maciejewska, K., Manders, A., Manousakas, M., Masiol, M., Mircea, M., Mooibroek, D., Nava, S., Oliveira, D., Paglione, M., Pandolfi, M., Perrone, M., Petralia, E., Pietrodangelo, A., Pillon, S., Pokorna, P., Prati, P., Salameh, D., Samara, C., Samek, L., Saraga, D., Sauvage, S., Schaap, M., Scotto, F., Sega, K., Siour, G., Tauler, R., Valli, G., Vecchi, R., Venturini, E., Vestenius, M., Waked, A., and Yubero, E.

Published
2020
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15. Mott transition in Cr-doped V2O3 studied by ultrafast reflectivity: electron correlation effects on the transient response

Author

Mansart, B., Boschetto, D., Sauvage, S., Rousse, A., and Marsi, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The ultrafast response of the prototype Mott-Hubbard system (V1-xCrx)2O3 was systematically studied with fs pump-probe reflectivity, allowing us to clearly identify the effects of the metal-insulator transition on the transient response. The isostructural nature of the phase transition in this material made it possible to follow across the phase diagram the behaviour of the detected coherent acoustic wave, whose average value and lifetime depend on the thermodynamic phase and on the correlated electron density of states. It is also shown how coherent lattice oscillations can play an important role in some changes affecting the ultrafast electronic peak relaxation at the phase transition, changes which should not be mistakenly attributed to genuine electronic effects. These results clearly show that a thorough understanding of the ultrafast response of the material over several tenths of ps is necessary to correctly interpret its sub-ps excitation and relaxation regime, and appear to be of general interest also for other strongly correlated materials., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Europhysics Letters (in press)

Published
2010
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16. Live trial performance of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System – Research Prototype†.

Author

Grootemaat, S., Matthews, S., Kenny, B. J., Runcie, J. W., Hollis, J. J., Sauvage, S., Fox-Hughes, P., and Holmes, A.

Subjects
FIRE risk assessment, GRASSLAND fires, PRESCRIBED burning, FOREST fires, WEATHER, FIREFIGHTING
Abstract

Background: The Australian Fire Danger Rating System program (AFDRS) has built a new fire danger rating system for Australia. A live trial of the system's Research Prototype (AFDRSRP), based on fire behaviour thresholds, was run and evaluated between October 2017 and March 2018. Aims: Live trial results are critically analysed, and knowledge gaps and recommendations for future work discussed. Methods: Australian bushfire experts assessed wildfires and prescribed burns across a range of vegetation types and weather conditions. Forecast fire danger ratings calculated using: (1) AFDRSRP; and (2) Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) and Grassland Fire Danger Index (GFDI) were compared against ratings derived by expert opinion for each evaluation fire (n = 336). Key results: Overall performance of AFDRSRP was superior to the FFDI/GFDI system (56 vs 43% correct), with a tendency to over-predict rather than under-predict fire potential. AFDRSRP also demonstrated its value to assess fire danger in fuel types not conforming to current grassland or forest models; e.g. for fuels that were grouped to use mallee-heath, spinifex and shrubland fire spread models. Conclusions: The AFDRSRP live trial was successful, outperforming the existing operational fire danger system. Implications: Identified improvements would further enhance AFDRSRP performance, ensuring readiness for operational implementation. A Research Prototype of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRSRP) was designed and tested in a live trial. Fire danger ratings derived from the AFDRSRP and FFDI/GFDI systems were compared to expert-derived ratings for 336 fires. In this paper the results of the live trial are presented and discussed. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Australian Fire Danger Rating System: implementing fire behaviour calculations to forecast fire danger in a research prototype†.

Author

Kenny, B. J., Matthews, S., Sauvage, S., Grootemaat, S., Hollis, J. J., and Fox-Hughes, P.

Subjects
FIRE risk assessment, GRASSLAND fires, FLAME spread, WEATHER forecasting, FOREST fires, FIREFIGHTING, SYSTEMS design
Abstract

Background: The Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS) was implemented operationally throughout Australia in September 2022, providing calculation of fire danger forecasts based on peer-reviewed fire behaviour models. The system is modular and allows for ongoing incorporation of new scientific research and improved datasets. Aims: Prior to operational implementation of the AFDRS, a Research Prototype (AFDRSRP), described here, was built to test the input data and systems and evaluate the performance and potential outputs. Methods: Fire spread models were selected and aligned with fuel types in a process that captured bioregional variation in fuel characteristics. National spatial datasets were created to identify fuel types and fire history in alignment with existing spatial weather forecast layers. Key results: The AFDRSRP demonstrated improvements over the McArthur Forest and Grass Fire Danger systems due to its use of improved fire behaviour models, as well as more accurately reflecting the variation in fuels. Conclusions: The system design was robust and allowed for the incorporation of updates to the models and datasets prior to implementation of the AFDRS. A spatially explicit forecast calculation system was designed and implemented to assess a new fire danger rating system for Australia based on fire behaviour models, weather inputs and a national fuel spatial data layer. This article is part of a collection about the Australian Fire Danger Rating System. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Australian Fire Danger Rating System Research Prototype: a climatology†.

Author

Sauvage, S., Fox-Hughes, P., Matthews, S., Kenny, B. J., Hollis, J. J., Grootemaat, S., Runcie, J. W., Holmes, A., Harris, R. M. B., Love, P. T., and Williamson, G.

Subjects
FIRE risk assessment, WILDFIRES, CLIMATE research, FIRE weather, PROTOTYPES
Abstract

Background: Historical records of fire weather phenomena provide valuable insights into spatial and temporal trends which can inform further research and are important tools for planning. Aims: We outline a 19-year climatology of a Research Prototype (AFDRSRP), of the new Australian Fire Danger Rating System, documenting its spatial and temporal characteristics. Methods: The analysis utilises the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's high-resolution reanalysis suite (BARRA), together with fuel data provided by Australian fire agencies. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of the AFDRSRP. Distributions are categorised by fuel type, analysing relative variability across time and space. Key results: The results validate the broad behaviour of the new system and provide insight into the variation of fire danger throughout Australia, adding detail to the understanding of timing of peak fire danger both diurnally and annually. Conclusions: While the AFDRSRP differs from the operational system in its fire danger rating categories and tuning of algorithms, it nonetheless provides useful insights into the operational implementation. Implications: These results will be essential for planning during fire seasons. We present a 19-year climatology of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System: Research Prototype (AFDRSRP), recently implemented operationally throughout Australia. The climatology describes the typical spatial and temporal behaviour of the AFDRSRP. It is important for users to improve familiarity with the new system, and to ensure it performs as expected. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Representation of hydrological components under a changing climate—A case study of the Uruguay River Basin using the new version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model (SWAT+)

Author

Barresi Armoa, O.L., Sauvage, S., Houska, T., Bieger, K., Schürz, Christoph, Sánchez Pérez, J.M., Barresi Armoa, O.L., Sauvage, S., Houska, T., Bieger, K., Schürz, Christoph, and Sánchez Pérez, J.M.

Abstract

SWAT+ is a revised version of the SWAT model that has the capability to route flow across landscape units in the catchment, which is expected to improve the spatial representation of processes in watersheds. We applied the SWAT+ model in the Uruguay River Basin, an international river basin in South America with a total surface area of 370,000 km2, in order to (1) assess the water balance components, (2) represent their spatial distribution, and (3) examine their changes over time. The catchment was divided into uplands and floodplains and a decision table rule was developed based on streamflow data. The SPOTPY Python library was linked to SWAT+ and used as a tool to perform sensitivity analyses and calibration. The model represented the fluctuations of discharge well, although there was a general tendency to underestimate peak flows. Blue (precipitation and runoff) and green (evapotranspiration and soil water content) hydrological components were spatially plotted. Overall, SWAT+ simulated a realistic spatial distribution of the water cycle components. A seasonal Mann–Kendall test suggests a positive increasing trend in the average temperature (p-value = 0.007; Sen’s slope = 0.09), the soil water content (p-value = 0.02; Sen’s slope = 1.29), and evapotranspiration (p-value: 0.03; Sen’s slope = 1.97), indicating that the ecosystem experienced a changing climate during the simulation period. The findings presented in this study are of significant value for the impacts of sustainable management and the evaluation of climate change on water resources in the Uruguay River Basin.

Published
2023

21. Metallic Trace Elements Shipping Profile by PM1 Source Apportionment in a Mediterranean PortCity

Author

Le Berre, L, Chazeau, B, Temime-Roussel, B, Lanzafame, G, Armengaud, A, Sauvage, S, Ntziachristos, L, Marchand, N, d'Anna, B, Wortham, H, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AtmoSud, Regional Agency for Air Quality Monitoring, and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Subjects
[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Shipping emissions in ports can have substantial impacts on air quality and population health in the nearby urbanenvironment. Legislative efforts made in recent years have reduced emissions of some gaseous pollutants but theaerosol chemical composition, in particular metals composition in submicronic fraction, is little documented.More than 30 trace metals have been monitored with two online metals analysers (Xact 625i) in addition to regulatedpollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOX, O3 and SO2) and ultrafine particle number during two intensive campaigns in Marseille(France) in the summer 2021. Samples were taken simultaneously along the port berths and on the urban backgroundaerosol site MRS-LCP located 2 km from the port. As the second largest city of France, Marseille represents achallenging environment for source apportionment (SA), as it combines multiple anthropogenic sources includingintensive traffic and various industrial activities in addition to shipping.This work presents the SA analysis performed on trace elements using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) resolvedwith the multilinear engine approach (SoFi Pro) on both sampling sites.Inside the port area, the half hourly metals measurements allowed to define a “shipping” profile by SA analysis. Thisprofile is dominated by Vanadium (V) and Nickel (Ni) and is associated with ultrafine particles (Dmob

Published
2022

26. Un observatoire pour la montée de l'antisémitisme racial : les récits de pèlerinages en Terre sainte

Author

Pierre Sauvage s. j.

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Cet article s'inscrit dans la foulee d'un ouvrage ecrit en collaboration avec le professeur Guy Jucquois de l'Universite catholique de Louvain, qui a comme titre : L'invention de l'antisemitisme racial. L'implication des catholiques francais et belges (1850-2000). Dans ce livre est proposee l'hypothese suivante : l'antisemitisme racial serait une attitude substitutive d'un antisemitisme religieux et ethnique (culturel). Je m'explique. Apres leur emancipation, les Juifs quittant les ghettos se...

Published
2021

29. Metrology for Climate Relevant Volatile Organic Compounds 'MetClimVOC'

Author

Salameh, T., SAUVAGE, S., Dusanter, S., STRATIGOU, E., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

30. Intercomparaison s-b-s pour les NOx au Pic du Midi - 'PicoNOx'

Author

Salameh, T., SAUVAGE, S., Tison, E., GOUILLOU, C., Gheusi, F., Jambert, C., CAZAUNAU, M., Doussin, J., LACASSAGNE, F., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), PRES Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale EMI 0011, Faculty of Medicine, Paris XII University, Creteil 94010, France

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

31. ACTRIS Topical Centre for Reactive Trace Gases in Situ Measurements TC/CiGas

Author

Salameh, T., SAUVAGE, S., Steinbrecher, R., Tillmann, R., Claude, A., Reimann, S., Wegener, R., Jokinen, T., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry ( IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), and Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences [Helsinki, Finland]

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

33. Comparison between models and observations at French ACTRIS and EMEP sites

Author

Salameh, T., COGET, B., Renouf, S., Gros, V., Colomb, A., XUEREF-REMI, I., Gheusi, F., Meleux, F., SAUVAGE, S., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale EMI 0011, Faculty of Medicine, Paris XII University, Creteil 94010, France, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and INERIS, Parc Technologique, ALATA BP 2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

35. VOC monitoring at French EMEP sites

Author

Salameh, T., SAUVAGE, S., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

36. NOx monitoring at French EMEP sites

Author

Salameh, T., SAUVAGE, S., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

37. Spéciation chimique des PM2,5 : variations en lien avec la météorologie observées sur 5 stations rurales de fond françaises

Author

Debevec, C., Bourin Aude, Perdrix, E., Alleman, L., Sauvage, S., Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

38. Evaluation of receptor and chemical transport models for PM10 source apportionment

Author

Belis, C. A., Pernigotti, D., Pirovano, G., Favez, O., Jaffrezo, J. L., Kuenen, J., van Der Gon, H. Denier, Reizer, M., Riffault, V, Alleman, L. Y., Almeida, M., Amato, F., Angyal, A., Argyropoulos, G., Bande, S., Beslic, I, Besombes, J-L, Bove, M. C., Brotto, P., Calori, G., Cesari, D., Colombi, C., Contini, D., De Gennaro, G., Di Gilio, A., Diapouli, E., El Haddad, I, Elbern, H., Eleftheriadis, K., Ferreira, J., Vivanco, M. Garcia, Gilardoni, S., Golly, B., Hellebust, S., Hopke, P. K., Izadmanesh, Y., Jorquera, H., Krajsek, K., Kranenburg, R., Lazzeri, P., Lenartz, F., Lucarelli, F., Maciejewska, K., Manders, A., Manousakas, M., Masiol, M., Mircea, M., Mooibroek, D., Nava, S., Oliveira, D., Paglione, M., Pandolfi, M., Perrone, M., Petralia, E., Pietrodangelo, A., Pillon, S., Pokorna, P., Prati, P., Salameh, D., Samara, C., Samek, L., Saraga, D., Sauvage, S., Schaap, M., Scotto, F., Sega, K., Siour, G., Tauler, R., Valli, G., Vecchi, R., Venturini, E., Vestenius, M., Waked, A., Yubero, E., Belis, C. A., Pernigotti, D., Pirovano, G., Favez, O., Jaffrezo, J. L., Kuenen, J., van Der Gon, H. Denier, Reizer, M., Riffault, V, Alleman, L. Y., Almeida, M., Amato, F., Angyal, A., Argyropoulos, G., Bande, S., Beslic, I, Besombes, J-L, Bove, M. C., Brotto, P., Calori, G., Cesari, D., Colombi, C., Contini, D., De Gennaro, G., Di Gilio, A., Diapouli, E., El Haddad, I, Elbern, H., Eleftheriadis, K., Ferreira, J., Vivanco, M. Garcia, Gilardoni, S., Golly, B., Hellebust, S., Hopke, P. K., Izadmanesh, Y., Jorquera, H., Krajsek, K., Kranenburg, R., Lazzeri, P., Lenartz, F., Lucarelli, F., Maciejewska, K., Manders, A., Manousakas, M., Masiol, M., Mircea, M., Mooibroek, D., Nava, S., Oliveira, D., Paglione, M., Pandolfi, M., Perrone, M., Petralia, E., Pietrodangelo, A., Pillon, S., Pokorna, P., Prati, P., Salameh, D., Samara, C., Samek, L., Saraga, D., Sauvage, S., Schaap, M., Scotto, F., Sega, K., Siour, G., Tauler, R., Valli, G., Vecchi, R., Venturini, E., Vestenius, M., Waked, A., and Yubero, E.

Abstract

In this study, the performance of two types of source apportionment models was evaluated by assessing the results provided by 40 different groups in the framework of an intercomparison organised by FAIRMODE WG3 (Forum for air quality modelling in Europe, Working Group 3). The evaluation was based on two performance indicators: z-scores and the root mean square error weighted by the reference uncertainty (RMSEu), with pre-established acceptability criteria. By involving models based on completely different and independent input data, such as receptor models (RMs) and chemical transport models (CTMs), the intercomparison provided a unique opportunity for their cross-validation. In addition, comparing the CTM chemical profiles with those measured directly at the source contributed to corroborate the consistency of the tested model results. The most commonly used RM was the US EPA- PMF version 5. RMs showed very good performance for the overall dataset (91% of z-scores accepted) while more difficulties were observed with the source contribution time series (72% of RMSEu accepted). Industrial activities proved to be the most difficult sources to be quantified by RMs, with high variability in the estimated contributions. In the CTMs, the sum of computed source contributions was lower than the measured gravimetric PM10 mass concentrations. The performance tests pointed out the differences between the two CTM approaches used for source apportionment in this study: brute force (or emission reduction impact) and tagged species methods. The sources meeting the z-score and RMSEu acceptability criteria tests were 50% and 86%, respectively. The CTM source contributions to PM10 were in the majority of cases lower than the RM averages for the corresponding source. The CTMs and RMs source contributions for the overall dataset were more comparable (83% of the z-scores accepted) than their time series (successful RMSEu in the range 25% - 34%). The comparability between CTMs and RMs va

Published
2020

39. Long-range and local air pollution: What can we learn from chemical speciation of particulate matter at paired sites?

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Lower Saxony State Government, Pandolfi, Marco, Mooibroek, D., Hopke, P., Van Pinxteren, D., Querol, Xavier, Herrmann, Hartmut, Alastuey, Andrés, Favez, O., Hüglin, C., Perdrix, E., Riffault, V., Sauvage, S., Van Der Swaluw, E., Tarasova, O., Colette, A., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Lower Saxony State Government, Pandolfi, Marco, Mooibroek, D., Hopke, P., Van Pinxteren, D., Querol, Xavier, Herrmann, Hartmut, Alastuey, Andrés, Favez, O., Hüglin, C., Perdrix, E., Riffault, V., Sauvage, S., Van Der Swaluw, E., Tarasova, O., and Colette, A.

Abstract

Here we report results of a detailed analysis of the urban and non-urban contributions to particulate matter (PM) concentrations and source contributions in five European cities, namely Schiedam (the Netherlands, NL), Lens (France, FR), Leipzig (Germany, DE), Zurich (Switzerland, CH) and Barcelona (Spain, ES). PM chemically speciated data from 12 European paired monitoring sites (one traffic, five urban, five regional and one continental background) were analysed by positive matrix factorisation (PMF) and Lenschow's approach to assign measured PM and source contributions to the different spatial levels. Five common sources were obtained at the 12 sites: sulfate-rich (SSA) and nitrate-rich (NSA) aerosols, road traffic (RT), mineral matter (MM), and aged sea salt (SS). These sources explained from 55 % to 88 % of PM mass at urban low-traffic-impact sites (UB) depending on the country. Three additional common sources were identified at a subset of sites/countries, namely biomass burning (BB) (FR, CH and DE), explaining an additional 9 %-13 % of PM mass, and residual oil combustion (V-Ni) and primary industrial (IND) (NL and ES), together explaining an additional 11 %-15 % of PM mass. In all countries, the majority of PM measured at UB sites was of a regional+continental (R+C) nature (64 %-74 %). The R+C PM increments due to anthropogenic emissions in DE, NL, CH, ES and FR represented around 66 %, 62 %, 52 %, 32 % and 23 %, respectively, of UB PM mass. Overall, the R+C PM increments due to natural and anthropogenic sources showed opposite seasonal profiles with the former increasing in summer and the latter increasing in winter, even if exceptions were observed. In ES, the anthropogenic R+C PM increment was higher in summer due to high contributions from regional SSA and V-Ni sources, both being mostly related to maritime shipping emissions at the Spanish sites. Conversely, in the other countries, higher anthropogenic R+C PM increments in winter were mostly due to high

Published
2020

40. Emissions in the East Mediterranean/Middle East Region : the case of Lebanon with a focus on road-transport

Author

Afif, C., Abdallah, C., SAUVAGE, S., BORBON, A., Salameh, T., Kfoury, A., Farhat, M., Fadel, M., Leonardis, T., Karam, C., Formenti, P., Doussin, J., Locoge, N., Sartelet, K., Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche - Lebanon, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Abber Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, CLARTE (CLARTE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Faculté des Sciences Agadir (FSA), Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir], Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Université de Lille, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Biodiversité et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Sciences et Technologies, Université Saint-Joseph, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Université Paris XII, and Université Paris-Est (UPE)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; abstract simple

Published
2019

46. Ge/Si self-assembled quantum dots grow on Si(001) in an industrial high-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor

Author

Hernandez, C., Campidelli, Y., Simon, D., Bensahel, D., Sagnes, I., Patriarche, G., Boucaud, P., and Sauvage, S.

Subjects
Germanium -- Research, Silicon -- Research, Chemical vapor deposition -- Usage, Physics
Abstract

The structural and optical characteristics of Ge/Si self-assembled quantum dots epitaxially grown on Si(001) were studied. The Ge islands were grown in an industrial 200 mm single-wafer chemical vapor deposition reactor. The islands showed a maximum photoluminescence at 1.55 microns wavelength. The photoluminescence energy was correlated to the three-dimensional quantum confinement energy and to the size and geometry of the clusters.

Published
1999

50. Interlaboratory comparison using a novel Oxygenated VOC reference standard

Author

BALDAN, A. R., Claude, A., SAUVAGE, S., Salameh, T., Reimann, S., Leonardis, T., Punjabi, S., Steinbrecher, R., Holzinger, R., Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

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