Search

Back ground: Hernia is the protrusion of whole or a part of a viscus through the wall that contains it. It can occur anywhere in the body, but more commonly occurs in the inguinal region and umbilicus. Umbilical hernias protrude directly through the umbilical tube, while paraumbilical hernias occur just adjacent to the umbilical tube. Repair of umbilical and paraumbilical hernias follow the same principle. Apart from the basic protocol of repairing the fascial defect and reinforcing the fascia with a mesh, the placement of the mesh also plays a crucial role in determining the outcome of the surgery and long term complications.Sublay versus onlay mesh placement is well debated.In this study we attempted to compare both the procedures in terms of operative difficulty, post-operative complications, drain out time,long term recurrence rates etc.in the last few decades mesh repair of hernia became the standard treatment in all types of hernia including para umbilical hernia (PUH),position of mesh placement either onlay or sublay still an issue of debate,in this study we trying to address advantages and disadvantages of each position.Materials and Methodology: in this study we recruited 30 patients with paraumbilical hernia, patients were randomly allocated according to mesh placement position into sublay group 15 patients and onlay group 15 patients,preoperative,operative and follow up data of all participants were properly presented and analyzed using the suitable statistical tests.Results:The mean operative time in the sublay group was 110.3 minutes,while in the onlay group it was 84.3 minutes respectively.Hospital stay in the onlay group was significantly longer compared to the onlay group (p=0.001). Duration for drain removal was significantly shorter in sub lay group.post-operative complications in the form of superficial wound infection occured in 4 patients of the onlay group and only 2 cases of the sublay group, seroma formation occured in 2 patients of the onlay group & 1 patient of the sublay group,While post-operative chest infection was encountered in 1 patient of the sublay group, No incidence of recurrence was recorded from both groups during the 6 month follow up. Conclusions: Both sublay and onlay mesh placement techniques are safe, both produced acceptable results, and are associated with comparable complications and recurrence rates.

Ventilation is one of the most critical components in a layered approach toward reducing the spread of airborne infectious diseases in indoor spaces. However, building ventilation systems act together with natural ventilation, local filtration systems and other aerosol removal processes to remove infectious aerosols from an occupied space. Airflow-based determinations of ACH do not account for the full range of aerosol removal processes; however understanding the effective aerosol removal rate is critical to providing airborne infection control.In this study, we investigated the relationship between the calculated air change rate of a space (i.e. volumetric airflow based) and the effective air change rate for aerosol particle removal within the breathing zone based on direct measurements of the rate of change in tracer particle concentrations at representative occupant locations in a room. Further, we examined positional effects under well mixed and non-well mixed conditions.Our results demonstrate that tracer particles combined with real-time sensors can be used to make rapid, accurate measurements of the effective air change rate (eACH) for respiratory aerosols within the breathing zone of non-well mixed rooms. We used two experimental test beds for these analyses. First, numerical simulation (computational fluid dynamic simulation, CFD) was conducted to visualize airflow and particle removal paths within a realistic large room. Here, simulated sensors were placed in concentric zones around a nebulizer providing test-particle releases. This CFD model allowed a direct comparison of the differences between eACH and airflow ACH values under varying levels of mixing and airflow, in a fully controlled system.We then recapitulated this system in physical space to validate the CFD results under real-world conditions that include all mechanisms of particle removal that contribute to true aerosol clearance rates, including deposition and leakage. Here, we measured eACH using the decay of DNA tracer aerosols nebulized and monitored in real-time. We find that a standard sampling time of 15 minutes from the end of nebulization is sufficient to produce an accurate eACH value under non-well mixed conditions. The availability of a rapid direct test for eACH will enable empirical optimization of a wide range of ventilation and filtration mechanisms to reach and maintain target aerosol clearance rates that deliver reliable airborne infection control in typical indoor environments.

In any hiring process, verifying the accuracy of the information provided by the recruiter is the first step in establishing compliance with the company and the employee. For the same reason, miles are too sensitive to make a complete history check for each hired student, without exemption. The study record reveals that employers around the world face a huge loss annually due to misrepresentation of confidential information by hired applicants. Particularly in India, it has been reported that one in six applicants misrepresents themselves. Such alarming data has accelerated the search and visibility of historical experiments in recent years. With the global transformation of the job market, it is very difficult to get a job in a company. People use their curriculum vitae with incorrect details to find the process. International organizations are investing closely to verify the historical facts of job applicants. However, the background verification process completed by those organizations is expensive, time-consuming, and inefficient. To address this issue, we have introduced a powerful response to the use of Design Science Research Methodology where the hash values of all application files offered by multiple companies are stored within the consortium blockchain. Details of the applicant's process can be established at a specific time in the hiring process by checking the hash file value given the document hash value that will be available within the blockchain. This method can be efficient, time-consuming, and cost-effective to include all types of companies.

Ultrahigh power factor is achieved for SnSe/Bi composite film by easy scalable route at 580 K, which can further explored for other metals as well.

In this work, we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of single-domain, optically active, manganese-substituted cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles without any surface functionalization as prospective fluorescent probes for bio-imaging.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become a popular alternative to open cholecystectomy (OC) in the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is now considered the gold standard of therapy for symptomatic cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis. However no denitive data on its use in AC has been published. To Objective: compare the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with those of open cholecystectomy (OC) in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Materials and Methodology: A prospective study was conducted among 30 patients who have taken surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis by taking their prior consents at Surgery Department, Career Institute OF Medical Sciences, Lucknow for 1 year. The patients underwent surgery within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms. The pa tients were selected for LC or OC depending on the surgeon's experience in laparoscopic surgery. Operating time, rate of con- version from LC to OC, complications, and length of hos pital stay were the main outcomes which were noted in both procedures. Conversion from LC to OC was necessary in 15% of the patients. The Results: mean operating time was 77 minutes for the OC group and 88 minutes for the LC group (P

Widespread distribution, toxicity and exposure through rice and rice-based food products make arsenic (As) contamination of environment a serious issue. This review discusses various strategies that can be utilised to tackle the As problem in rice, and the socioeconomic impacts of the As problem. The countries of south and south-east Asia are renowned as hotspots of As contamination owing to occurrence and enrichment of As in soil and groundwater via natural biogeochemical weathering of rocks and As-enriched sediment. The irrigation of rice is mostly applied through the use of contaminated groundwater leading to high As accumulation in rice grains. The intensification of research to address the problem of As in rice has been seen in the past two decades. It has been realised that appropriate irrigation water management, which acts as a major driver of As chemistry in soil and As uptake and transport in plants, can be an easy and affordable solution. Further, balanced supplement of various nutrient elements like selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) has been found to impart dual benefits in terms of reduced As toxicity as well as enhance the nutritional quality of rice grains. Several other agronomic and biotechnological approaches, processing, and cooking methods of rice were found to have profound impacts on rice As and its speciation from farms to table.

Two-dimensional heterostructures (2D HSs) have emerged as a new class of materials where dissimilar 2D materials are combined to synergise their advantages and alleviate shortcomings. Such a combination of dissimilar components into 2D HSs offers fascinating properties and intriguing functionalities attributed to the newly formed heterointerface of constituent components. Understanding the nature of the surface and the complex heterointerface of HSs at the atomic level is crucial for realising the desired properties, designing innovative 2D HSs, and ultimately unlocking their full potential for practical applications. Therefore, this review provides the recent progress in the field of 2D HSs with a focus on the discussion of the fundamentals and the chemistry of heterointerfaces based on van der Waals (vdW) and covalent interactions. It also explains the challenges associated with the scalable synthesis and introduces possible methodologies to produce large quantities with good control over the heterointerface. Subsequently, it highlights the specialised characterisation techniques to reveal the heterointerface formation, chemistry and nature. Afterwards, we give an overview of the role of 2D HSs in various emerging applications, particularly in high-power batteries, bifunctional catalysts, electronics, and sensors. In the end, we present conclusions with the possible solutions to the associated challenges with the heterointerfaces and potential opportunities that can be adopted for innovative applications.

Herein, we have presented a detailed investigation of the temperature effect on hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The appearance of single-phase cubic spinel Fe3O4 at and above critical temperature provides a clear indication that temperature plays a crucial role in the single-phase synthesis of the Fe3O4 MNPs. A detailed investigation of the structural, magnetic and spin dynamic properties of PEG-400 coated Fe3O4 MNPs synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method at different temperatures (120 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C for 16 hours) has been presented. The single-phase cubic magnetite structure with high crystallinity was found in the samples synthesized at 160 and 180 °C and confirmed from XRD results, whereas samples prepared at 120 and 140 °C are of mixed phase (α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). The magnetic hysteresis curves reveal that saturation magnetization and coercivity of MNPs enhanced systematically with the increase in the reaction temperature from 120 °C to 180 °C. Maximum saturation magnetization (88.98 emu g−1) and coercivity (134.16 Oe) were found for the sample synthesized at 180 °C. Furthermore, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra obtained for samples synthesised at higher temperatures indicate a lower value of the line width due to the high magnetic ordering in the samples. Also, the resonance field decreased, and the g-value increased due to enhancement in magnetization for the single-phase samples synthesized at higher reaction temperatures. The spin resonance properties obtained from fitting the FMR data clearly indicate that a large spin–orbit coupling was observed for the single phase Fe3O4 MNPs and excellent magnetic properties were obtained from the static magnetic measurements.

A novel investigation on the finite-size effects on the spin resonance properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles has been performed using a room temperature ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique. A single broad spectrum was obtained for the CoFe2O4 nanoparticle samples, which indicated that all the samples were showing ferromagnetic characteristics. An asymmetric FMR line shape with a hefty trailing section was obtained due to the high magneto-crystalline anisotropy in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which changed with the size distribution. The resonance field for the samples shifted to a higher value due to the increase in the magneto-crystalline anisotropy in the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with an increase in size. A systematic change in the resonance field and line width was observed with the change in the size distribution of the particles. Initially, it decreased with an increase in the size of the particles and increased after the critical size range. The critical size range is the imprint of the shift of the magnetic domain from a single domain to multi domain. The line width increased at higher annealing temperatures due to the enhancement in the dipole–dipole interaction, which led to a higher spin concentration as well as magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization (Ms) as well as ‘Mr/Ms’ increased from 37.7 to 71.4 emu g−1 and 0.06 to 0.31, respectively. The highest coercivity (750.9 Oe) and anisotropy constant (4.62 × 104 erg cm−3) were found for the sample annealed at 700 °C, which can be corroborated by the literature as the critical annealing temperature at which CoFe2O4 nanoparticles shift from single domain nanoparticles to multi-domain nanoparticles. Post-processing annealing is critical in advanced processing techniques and spin dynamics plays a vital role in various interdisciplinary areas of applications.

Recently, pipe welding has been widely applied in the pipe fitting operations. There are many types of pipe welding facilities available. In this research work, experimental investigations related to Electro fusion and Butt fusion welding of HDPE pipe and optimization of different welding process parameters are performed. In electro-fusion welding a fitting device is used for joining of two pipes namely called ‘fusion coupler’. Fusion coupler has a copper coil which is wounded in inner surface of coupler. Two pipes are fitted in the coupler and the current is applied in the coil with the help of kitrik pin which has provided in the coupler to generate heat and finally to create the weld. In butt-fusion welding for joining of two pipes, the welded joint is produced with the help of heated plate. After performing the welding, the joints are tested for tensile strength using universal testing machine. Two performance parameters viz. temperature and tensile strength and three process parameters viz. Starting Welding voltage, Specific fusion time and Cooling time for Electro fusion welding and Heating plate temperature, Drag pressure, Welding pressure for Butt fusion welding of HDPE pipes (82 mm inner diameter and 8 mm wall thickness) are optimized using Grey relational analysis optimization technique. The optimized parameters for electro fusion welding of these pipes are welding voltage, specific fusion time, cooling time and optimized parameters for Butt welding are heating plate temperature, drag pressure, welding pressure.

In this work, we have investigated the size induced on the viscoelasticity of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanofluids (MNFs). The focus of this work is to provide an insight into the effect of varying particle size on viscoelastic properties of CoFe2O4 MNFs with varying CoFe2O4 nanoparticle sizes. Kerosene-based MNFs containing surfactant coated CoFe2O4 were synthesized using standard optimized coprecipitation method, and variations in average mean size ~ 9–30 nm have been synthesized. The physical properties, such as structural and morphology, have been investigated to confirm the purity, and variation in size. Steady-state and oscillatory mode measurements were performed using a magneto-rheometer to investigate the field-induced magneto-rheology. The steady-state rheograms (viscosity vs. shear rate curve) has been well fitted with power-law $\eta =c\dot {\gamma }^{n}+\eta _{\infty }$ , confirming the shear thinning behavior with $n\le 1$ . Furthermore, magneto-sweep rheograms (viscosity vs. magnetic field) has been used to investigate the steady increase in viscosity, which is due to the formation of a chain-like structure in the field direction causing an interruption in the smooth streamline flow of the MNFs. Furthermore, dynamic oscillatory measurement shows the transition between G’ and G” with applied dynamic strain confirming solid-liquid phase transition behavior. Field-induced viscoelastic behavior in static and dynamic mode provides significant information for optimization of MNFs for various applications.

Variation in the transmitted light intensity from metal oxide thin films with moisture content provides a great opportunity to use them for humidity sensing. Herein, we have developed a novel and simple humidity sensor based on ZnO nanorod (ZNR) thin films which work as transmission-based sensing elements in an in-house fabricated sensing setup. The ZNR sensing element shows excellent linear sensing performance in the relative humidity (RH) range 10-90% and does not show any hysteresis. A maximum change in optical power of ∼95 μW is observed with the change in RH in the range 10-90%, for the sample with the smallest crystallite size (ZNR1) and highest pore diameter of the ZNR film. Also, a maximum sensitivity of 1.104 μW/% RH is observed for the ZNR1 sample which drops to 0.604 μW/% RH for the highest crystallite size sample (ZNR4). The presence of oxygen vacancies and the micro-porous nature of the film allow the absorption of water vapour on the film which deflects light at different angles that vary with the moisture content. The experimental results suggest that the ZNR film with a smaller crystallite size and larger pore diameter is more sensitive for humidity measurements. Further, an improved sensing performance is perceived in ZNRs because of the larger surface area of the nanorods. The ZNR based sensing elements do not suffer from ageing effects and exhibit high repeatability (88.74%). Further, the humidity sensor has a response time of 62 seconds and recovery time of 100 seconds which can be considered as a fairly quick response.

The present work reports the synthesis of a stable aqueous magnetic fluid (AMF) by dispersing double-surfactant-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in water using a facile ambient scalable wet chemical route. MNPs do not disperse well in water, resulting in low stability. This was improved by dispersing double-surfactant (oleic acid and sodium oleate)-coated MNPs in water, where cross-linking between the surfactants improves the stability of the AMFs. The stability was probed by rheological measurements and all the AMF samples showed a good long-term stability and stability against a gradient magnetic field. Further, the microwave spin resonance behavior of AMFs was studied in detail by corroborating the experimental results obtained from the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique to theoretical predictions by appropriate fittings. A broad spectrum was perceived for AMFs which indicates strong ferromagnetic characteristics. The resonance field shifted to higher magnetic field values with the decrease in particle size as larger-size MNPs magnetize and demagnetize more easily since their magnetic spins can align in the field direction more definitely. The FMR spectra was fitted to obtain various spin resonance parameters. The asymmetric shapes of the FMR spectra were observed with a decrease in particle sizes, which indicates an increase in relaxation time. The relaxation time increased with a decrease in particle sizes (sample A to D) from 37.2779 ps to 42.8301 ps. Further, a detailed investigation of the structural, morphological, and dc magnetic properties of the AMF samples was performed. Room temperature dc magnetic measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) characteristics of the AMF and the M-H plot for each sample was fitted with a Langevin function to obtain the domain magnetization, permeability, and hydrodynamic diameter of the MNPs. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the AMF samples increased with the increase in dispersed MNPs’ size of the samples. The improvement in the stability and magnetic characteristics makes AMFs suitable candidates for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, and biomedicines.

Head injury is a major public health problem with higher morbidity and mortality in young people and continues to be one of the most common clinical problems treated by neurosurgeon. In 1973 Hounsfield introduced computerized scanning of head. Invention of CT scan was a major breakthrough in management of head trauma patients. This technique involved no hazards or discomfort for the patient, and structural disease processes affecting the brain were identified with a clarity exceeding traditional methods. Neuroradiologic practice was transformed overnight and Hounsfield was subsequently awarded the Noble prize for medicine. Keywords: Head injury, Computed tomography (C.T Scan), Health problem.

The main contribution of this paper is achieving a significant thermal performance improvement of annular fins-shell-tube heat exchanger energy storage system using magnetic fluid. The fin efficiency is increased by 20% with annular fin-magnetic fluid geometry as compared to without magnetic fluid. This improvement in thermal characteristics of annular fin system can be attributed to the formation of nano-channels in the field directions and effective increase in overall heat transfer coefficient due to the replacement of solid-gas interface with the liquid-gas interface. This replacement leads to improved convective heat transfer rate and overall thermal characteristics, which is the new knowledge contribution for various energy storage systems. In the present work, a simple and novel method for improving the thermal performance of natural convection energy storage system is reported. This novel method can improve the overall performance of the systems with natural convection extended surfaces and makes it suitable for numerous heat transfer applications. A magnetic fluid thin layer association with annular fin geometry has been proposed to improve the shell-tube heat exchangers performance, and an in-house experimental setup is used to study its dimensional and non-dimensional heat transfer characteristics. Kerosene and water-based MF were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method and employed on the top surface of the fin to maximise the heat transfer rate and to increase the effectiveness (e) of the fin system. This thin layer of MF was maintained on the top surface of the fins using the magnetic ring of small NdFeB magnet of 1 mm thickness and 2.5 mm diameter. It is observed that a significant increase in relative heat transfer rate (∼35%) taking place using a thin MF layer over the top surface of the fin which leads to enhancement in fin performance. Also, the temperature distribution along the length of the fin shows a sharp decrease in temperature near the top surface which corroborates our observations that the magnetic ring over the surface works as a chill block which provides a directional cooling through magnetic nano-channels. These new findings can be valuable in the design of an efficient annular fin-shell tube latent heat exchanger storage system.

Microwave spin resonance behavior of the Fe3O4 surface decorated ZnO nanocomposites (FZNC) has been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Modified hydrothermal method has been adopted to fabricate FZNC samples with Fe3O4 nanoparticles chains were used as seeds in the uniform magnetic field to decorate them on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles in a unique configuration. Spin dynamics investigation confirms the transition of ZnO from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic as the sharp FMR spectra converts to the broad spectra with Fe3O4 nanoparticles incorporation. A single broad FMR spectra confirms that no isolated Fe3+ or Zn2+ ions exist which is also in agreement with XRD confirming suitable composite formation. Further, the increase in Fe3O4 concentration leads to decrease in g-value which is resulting from the internal field enhancement due to magnetic ordering. Also, various spin resonance parameters were calculated for the FZNC which provides a detail information about the magnetic ordering, exchange coupling and anisotropy. Elemental analysis confirms the presence of Fe and Zn simultaneously and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image show the presence of Fe3O4 on the grain boundaries of ZnO which has been confirmed by taking high-resolution TEM and electron diffraction patterns on both sides of the interface. These unique structural configuration of the FZNC has tremendous potential in various magneto-optoelectronic, spintronics and electro-chemical applications.

Emergency Tracheostomy is a widely used procedure in intensive care unit in India. This study reveals that emergency percutaneous tracheostomy is better than emergency open tracheostomy. Percutaneous tracheostomy is associated with better outcome, less bleeding, shorter time, less sedation, less damage to the trachea, and low collection of hematoma. Keywords: Tracheostomy, Intensive care unit, Percutaneous.

In a country like India where 16% of the total GDP growth is contributed by agriculture alone and majority of the people rely on it for their source of living, it is of utmost importance that the threats to the production of crops should be minimized. Crop leaf disease is major type of diseases suffered by crops; its manual identification is a difficult task leading to wrong treatment and poor production. It gives rise to the need of an accurate automated system to detect plant leaf diseases, and, is made possible by the recent advances in computer vision and deep learning. In this paper we use Convolution Neural Networks to classify and identify vegetable leaf diseases. An open database of Plant Village that contains 54, 306 plant images, with 26 classes of diseases and 14 different crop species is used to curate a new database in reference to our problem domain which contains 5 class of diseases suffered by vegetables having images of diseased and healthy leaves. We have implemented CNN models, namely, Sequential and GoogLeNet with images of leaves as input. The highest success rates achieved are 98.48% and 97.47% for Sequential and GoogLeNet model, respectively. The relatively higher accuracy of the models makes them very useful and eligible to be used to solve the current problem of crop disease in India. It could further be used to make a better vegetable disease identification system.

Electricity is one of the most basic need of the population in recent times and it significantly affects the quality of life...

Microwave spin resonance behavior of the Fe3O4 surface decorated ZnO nanocomposites (FZNC) has been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Modified hydrothermal method has been adopted to fabricate FZNC samples with Fe3O4 nanoparticles chains were used as seeds in the uniform magnetic field to decorate them on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles in a unique configuration. Spin dynamics investigation confirms the transition of ZnO from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic as the sharp FMR spectra converts to the broad spectra with Fe3O4 nanoparticles incorporation. A single broad FMR spectra confirms that no isolated Fe3+ or Zn2+ ions exist which is also in agreement with XRD confirming suitable composite formation. Further, the increase in Fe3O4 concentration leads to decrease in g-value which is resulting from the internal field enhancement due to magnetic ordering. Also, various spin resonance parameters were calculated for the FZNC which provides a detail information about the magnetic ordering, exchange coupling and anisotropy. Elemental analysis confirms the presence of Fe and Zn simultaneously and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image show the presence of Fe3O4 on the grain boundaries of ZnO which has been confirmed by taking high-resolution TEM and electron diffraction patterns on both sides of the interface. These unique structural configuration of the FZNC has tremendous potential in various magneto-optoelectronic, spintronics and electro-chemical applications.

The current progression in engineering technologies demands high precision quality manufacturing system whit high productivity...

A novel investigation on the finite-size effects on the spin resonance properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe

Tissue cuture is considered to be a best technique for rapid multiplication and production of disease free, healthy seed cane. With a view to studying the effect of transplanting spacing on growth and yield of micropropagated crop of sugarcane, an experiment was carried out at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Shobhit University, Meerut. Tissue culture raised plantlets of sugarcane variety. In vitro cultured sugarcane were transplanted at various spacing of 90 x 45, 90 x 60, 90 x 90 and 120 x 60 cm. Among the four spacings, the highest plant growth, number of tillers, number of malleable canes, cane height and cane yield were recorded at 90 x 60 cm. Thus, a spacing of 90 x 60 cm was found most suitable for transplantation of tissue culture raised plantlets of sugarcane.

This article reviews the performance of organic Rankine cycle withdifferent heat sources. Plenty of waste heat is widely available in lowto medium temperature range from various sources such as engines,machines and processes. The conversion of these low-grade waste heatinto electricity is a feasible solution to provide clean energy. The OrganicRankine Cycle (ORC) is a suitable thermal cycle for the waste heat recov-ery application. The thermodynamic performance of ORC with differentoperational parameters and several working fluids is discussed. Further,the feasibility of integration of various absorption chillers in ORC, whichis run by low-grade waste heat available at the outlet of the evaporatorof ORC is evaluated.

This article reviews the performance of organic Rankine cycle with different heat sources. Plenty of waste heat is widely available in low to medium temperature range from various sources such as e...

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) incorporation in soft host media offers great possibilities to control its properties and flow dynamics via external magnetic field. In the present work we report, synthesis of stable homogeneous crosslinked PVA hydrogels with MNP and their detailed rheological investigations in static and dynamics modes. The measurement results were fitted with the theoretical model presented for nonlinear and transient static & dynamic flow behavior. A good agreement has been observed with theoretical predictions confirming the high dispersivity and stability of these magnetic gels. MNP align themselves in the field direction, and field-induced structures produce hindrance to uniform stress flow which causes a nonlinear viscoelastic response. The substantial enhancement in viscoelastic properties in observed with incorporation of MNP. Static mode investigations show good yielding properties which increases with increase in MNP concentration whereas, dynamic mode storage/loss modulus response shows higher storage modulus than loss modulus. This enhancement indicates the dominance of solid-like nature of magnetic gel due to more significant field-induced structures over applied hydrodynamic forces. These magnetic gels show a quick response to the applied field which is established by transient viscosity response. The viscoelastic properties of these magnetic gels makes it effective and efficient solution for numerous applications in the field of engineering and biomedical.

Warfarin is the commonest anticoagulant used in today's practice; it has a very narrow therapeutics window. Under and overdosing results in various life-threatening complications. Warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN) is a rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients on long-term anticoagulation, as a result of supratherapeutic anticoagulation. Warfarin causes AKI by inducing glomerular hemorrhage with subsequent tubular obstruction by red blood cell (RBC) casts. WRN has been associated with irreversible kidney injury and increased risk of mortality. Despite a better understanding of pathophysiology and histopathology of WRN, its preventive measures and clinical outcome are not well known. We report here the case of a 62-year-old male, who was on a long-term warfarin therapy due to chronic atrial fibrillation with a history of old ischemic stroke and dilated cardiomyopathy. He was presented with AKI and his renal biopsy was suggestive of WRN. He was managed by withholding warfarin for a few days until the therapeutic range of international normalized ratio was achieved and steroids and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) recovered. WRN is a diagnosis of exclusion; other causes of AKI must be ruled out. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy should be monitored periodically for the therapeutic range of anticoagulants, deterioration of renal function, and hematuria.

The present work is focused on probing the spin dynamics of PEG (polyethylene glycol)−400 coated Erbium substituted nanocrystalline CoFe2−xErxO4 (0.7 ≤ x ≤ 0 ) by a novel method using FMR spectroscopy. The highest magnetization is achieved for the x = 0.3 which suggests that the optimized concentration of the doping improves the dc magnetic characteristics of the nanoferrites (NFs). The static magnetic measurement exhibits that all the sample compositions display ferromagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization and coercivity varying from 37 to 58 emu/g and 1147.80–2148.71 Oe, respectively. The enhancement of magnetic properties was observed due to the super-exchange interaction (SEI) of Er3+ to Fe3+ ion from their lattice sites. Further, the room temperature FMR spectra confirms the ferromagnetic behavior of NFs with resonance field from 2746.8 G for pure CoFe2O4 which reduces to for 1760.5 G for x = 0.5 samples which suggests that the samples magnetization fields can align more easily, and their dynamic response has improved. The broad linewidth indicates that the dipolar-dipolar interactions are more dominant as compared to the SEI. The super-exchange interaction dominants when the distance between the oxygen and magnetic ions decreases and their bond angle increases. A comprehensive structural modeling has been carried out by the Rietveld refinement to various structural parameters were calculated which has been corroborated with the static and dynamic magnetic properties. The resonance field of the Er3+doping causes a decrease in the resonance field in all the doped samples. This decrease in the resonance field can be attributed to the weak SEI between the magnetic ions (Fe3+-O- Fe3+) and (Fe3+-O-Er3+) at A and B sites. Further, the morphology, chemical bonding, and optical characteristics have been studied in detail using TEM, FTIR, and UV spectroscopy. The detailed experimental investigation of PEG-coated CoFe2−xErxO4 provides tunable spin dynamics and improves the saturation magnetization, which is a key parameter for spintronics, magneto-opto-electronics, EMI shielding, and supercapacitor applications.

The exclusive properties of passive levitation and ultra-low friction surface formation of ferrofluids have been utilized to design a highly efficient wind energy harvester. A novel design of passive ferrofluid levitation wind energy converter has been proposed and laboratory prototype has been developed. The simulation model has been developed using the ANSYS Workbench Maxwell electromagnetic software and validated by the experimental results. In this paper, different approaches such as response surface method (RSM), central composite design (CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling have been applied to relate the system output power to the input design parameters of the wind energy harvester system. The sensitivity analysis of design parameters and their interactions have been conducted. The CCD and RSM modelling have been applied for predicting the power output from the design parameters for the energy harvester where the design parameters has been optimized for the maximum power output using the genetic algorithm (GA). Also, the RSM modelling is validated by the analysis of variance. As a result, the optimal design parameter combination to produce the highest power output can be identified. The optimization result will be compared with and verified by the prediction result of the ANN model. It is found that within the range of the design parameters, the maximum power output of the wind energy harvester obtained through the RSM with the GA is close to that predicted by the ANN model. The design optimization method can be extended to develop an upscale model of the wind energy harvester for larger power output. The proposed magnetic levitation technology has many more potential applications in sensors and actuators, cooling and mechanical bearings and in health sectors.

This article proposes a novel approach to investigate the field-induced structuration in ferrofluids (FFs) at room temperature. The in-house experimental setup has been fabricated to perceive the influence of dipolar interaction and particle size of dispersed magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in FFs on the static magneto-optical (MO) properties under the influence of an external magnetic field. The diffraction fringes are observed in FF when a high-power laser passing from the diluted fluid system which appearing at a specific dilution and varies with the different sizes and volume fraction of MNPs. The change in shape and size of the diffraction fringes is observed with the variation of both, size of dispersed MNPs and the Dilution of the FFs which is used to calculate the refractive index coefficient. The number of diffraction rings increases with an increase in the size of dispersed MNPs and its diameter decrease with an increase in particle volume fraction. The effect of thermal lens and nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior gives the validation of field-induced refractive index coefficient appearing in FFs commutated by the fringe diffraction method. Further, the variation of intensity of transmitted light has been corroborated with the forward scattering resulting from the Brownian motion of the nanoparticle. The experiment validates the chain formation in FFs, as MNPs are working as mesoscopic cylinders resulting in specified scattering patterns. This experimental approach can lead to a new pathway for the development of potential applications such as tunable optical filters, optical limiters, and various photonics fields based on the tunable MO properties of FFs.