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Background: Oral mucocele is the most common benign minor (accessory) salivary gland lesion, caused due to mechanical trauma to the excretory duct of the gland. Clinically they are characterized by single or multiple, soft, fluctuant nodule, ranging from the normal color of the oral mucosa to deep blue. It affects at any age and is equally present in both sexes with highest incidence in second decade of life. They are classified as extravasation or retention type. Objectives: To analyze the data between 2010 and 2011 of, clinically and histopathologically diagnosed 58 oral mucoceles for age, gender, type, site, color, cause, symptoms and dimension. Results: Oral mucoceles were highly prevalent in the age group of 15-24 years, were seen in 51.72% of males and 48.28% of females, with a ratio of 1.07:1. The extravasation type (84.48%) was more common than the retention type (15.52%). The most common affected site was lower lip (36.20%) followed by ventral surface of the tongue (25.86%). The lowest frequency was observed in floor of mouth, upper lip and palate. The maximum numbers of mucoceles were asymptomatic (58.62%), and the color of the overlying mucosa had color of adjacent normal mucosa (48.28%). It was also observed that most of the mucoceles had diameter ranging from 5 to 14 mm. The causative factors of the lesion were lip biting (22.41%), trauma (5.18%) and numerous lesions (72.41%). Conclusion: Oral Mucoceles are frequently seen in an oral medicine service, mainly affecting young people and lower lip, measuring around 5 to 14 mm and the extravasation type being the most common.

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC) is a developmental cyst of the jaw. It is clinically rare and histopathologically unusual type of odontogenic cyst with unpredictable and potentially aggressive behavior. It was first described in 1987 by Padayachee and Van Wyk. Since its first description, till date 114 cases have been reported in English literature. It usually occurs above 40 years of age and in the anterior region of mandible. Radiographically, it appears as either unilocular or multilocular well defined radiolucent lesion. Usually thinning and perforation of cortical plate is associated with GOC, indicating aggressiveness of the lesion. The clinical and radiographic features are not specific, and it can mimic as any other destructive lesion of the jaw. GOC has tendency to grow to a large size and propensity toward recurrence. Histologically, it can be easily misdiagnosed as a central muco-epidermoid carcinoma. The aim of this paper is to present an unusual case of GOC in a 21 year old male, which was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted third molar tooth of mandible; and also to review the main criteria for accurate diagnosis.

Background: Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of rare, inherited disorders characterized by sparse hair, missing teeth and inability to sweat. Objective: To review and analyze cases of ED with an emphasis on clinical manifestations and parent's marriage history. Methodology: The present retrospective study was conducted by assessing the clinical records of nineteen cases of ED, available in the archives of the department; for age, gender, family history of consanguineous marriage and clinical manifestations. Results: It was observed that ED was more prevalent in males, with a ratio of 1.7:1. The hypohydrotic type was more common (78.95%) than hydrotic type (21.05%). The marriage history of parents revealed that 66.67% had consanguineous marriage and had 68.42% offspring's affected with ED; whereas 33.33% had history of non-consanguineous marriage and had 31.58% offspring's affected with ED. The clinical manifestations observed were- dry skin(94.74%); scaly skin(42.11%); sparse hair on scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes(100%); frontal bossing(63.18%); saddle nose (57.89%); hypertelorism (47.37%); nail abnormality(52.63%); normal sweat glands(21.05%); abnormal sweat glands(78.95%); hypoplastic maxilla(52.63%); protuberant lips (57.89%); palmo-plantar keratosis(21.05%); wrinkled & hyper pigmented facial skin(84.21%); partial anodontia(94.74%); conical shaped teeth(84.21%); high arched palate(68.42%); thin alveolar bone(100.00%); taurodontism(21.05%) and cleft lip & cleft palate(05.26%). The number of teeth present in all the cases ranged from 0 to 19. Conclusion: ED patients suffer from social problems and poor psychological and physiological development as a result of unacceptable esthetics and abnormal function of orofacial structures. Oral rehabilitation thus becomes mandatory, although it is often difficult; particularly in pediatric patients.

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a rare developmental disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expressivity, occurring in about 1 of every 1,00,000-2,00,000 people. This syndrome is remarkably variable. It is characterized by orofacial manifestations like lower lip pits, cleft lip and/or cleft palate, hypodontia, cleft or bifid uvula, syngnathia, narrow high arched palate, ankyloglossia and hyper nasal voice. We report two interesting cases of VWS with characteristic orofacial features and an unusual additional finding of bilateral commissural pits. The purpose of this article is to facilitate understanding of etio-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, role of genetic counseling and with special emphasis on commissural pits as an additional feature in VWS.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant and developmental anomaly of skeleton characterized by generalized dysplasia of the bones and teeth. CCD is caused by mutation of transcription factor RuNx2, although 40% of the cases appear spontaneously with no apparent genetic cause. The disorder presents with partial or complete absence of clavicles, open anterior fontanelle, and cranial sutures, presence of multiple wormian bones, short stature, wide pubic symphysis, short middle phalanges of the 5 th finger, over retained deciduous teeth, multiple impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth and various other abnormalities. The frequency of this disorder is one/million individuals. Early diagnosis of CCD is essential for initiating the appropriate treatment approach. In confirmed cases, genetic counseling for family planning should certainly be advised. Because of its rarity, we report the classical case of CCD, with an emphasis on the importance of clinical and radiographic findings.