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2. The jigsaw model: a biogeographic model that partitions habitat heterogeneity from area

Author

Furness, Euan N., Saupe, Erin E., Garwood, Russell J., Mannion, Philip D., and Sutton, Mark D.

Subjects
biodiversity, choros model, habitat heterogeneity, habitat loss, island biogeography, island species-area relationship, species-area relationship, species richness
Abstract

Species–area models now frequently include habitat heterogeneity. These models often fit real-world data better than those that exclude this factor. However, such models usually link the effects of habitat heterogeneity and study area. Critically, we show that difficulties in quantifying habitat heterogeneity within these models can lead to distortions of the apparent effect of area on species richness. Here, we derive a model that minimises these distortions by partitioning the influence of habitat heterogeneity from that of area, without compromising ease of application. This ‘jigsaw model’ achieves this by assuming that different habitats within an area can support similar numbers of species. We compare the behaviour of this model to that of existing models of similar complexity using both simulated island ecosystems and 40 published empirical datasets. The effects of habitat heterogeneity and area on species richness vary independently in our simulations, and these independent effects are recovered by the jigsaw model. This flexibility, however, is not present when the same data are analysed using other models of similar complexity. When applied to real-world data, the jigsaw model demonstrates that the relative importance of area and habitat heterogeneity varies depending on the study system. The jigsaw model provides the best fit to real-world data (according to AICc) of all tested models in logarithmic form, and the second best fit, after the choros model, in power-law form. Our results demonstrate the importance of partitioning the effects of habitat heterogeneity and area on species richness in biogeographic models. The jigsaw model is a simple but powerful tool for such partitioning. It has the potential to elucidate the underlying drivers of species richness patterns, and to be used as a tool in biological conservation projects, where data are often incomplete.

Published
2023

4. Measurement theory and paleobiology

Author

Voje, Kjetil Lysne, Saulsbury, James G., Starrfelt, Jostein, Latorre, Daniel Varajão, Rojas, Alexis, Kinneberg, Vilde Bruhn, Liow, Lee Hsiang, Wilson, Connor J., Saupe, Erin E., and Grabowski, Mark

Published
2023
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6. Amber and the Cretaceous Resinous Interval

Author

Delclòs, Xavier, Peñalver, Enrique, Barrón, Eduardo, Peris, David, Grimaldi, David A., Holz, Michael, Labandeira, Conrad C., Saupe, Erin E., Scotese, Christopher R., Solórzano-Kraemer, Mónica M., Álvarez-Parra, Sergio, Arillo, Antonio, Azar, Dany, Cadena, Edwin A., Dal Corso, Jacopo, Kvaček, Jiří, Monleón-Getino, Antonio, Nel, André, Peyrot, Daniel, Bueno-Cebollada, Carlos A., Gallardo, Alejandro, González-Fernández, Beatriz, Goula, Marta, Jaramillo, Carlos, Kania-Kłosok, Iwona, López-Del Valle, Rafael, Lozano, Rafael P., Meléndez, Nieves, Menor-Salván, César, Peña-Kairath, Constanza, Perrichot, Vincent, Rodrigo, Ana, Sánchez-García, Alba, Santer, Maxime, Sarto i Monteys, Víctor, Uhl, Dieter, Viejo, José Luis, and Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo

Published
2023
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8. Hotspots of Cenozoic Tropical Marine Biodiversity

Author

Yasuhara, Moriaki, primary, Huang, Huai-Hsuan May, additional, Reuter, Markus, additional, Tian, Skye Yunshu, additional, Cybulski, Jonathan D., additional, O’Dea, Aaron, additional, Mamo, Briony L., additional, Cotton, Laura J., additional, Martino, Emanuela Di, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Tabor, Clay R., additional, Reygondeau, Gabriel, additional, Zhao, Qianshuo, additional, Warne, Mark T., additional, Aye, Kyawt K. T., additional, Zhang, Jingwen, additional, Chao, Anne, additional, Wei, Chih-Lin, additional, Condamine, Fabien L., additional, Kocsis, Adam T., additional, Kiessling, Wolfgang, additional, Costello, Mark J., additional, Tittensor., Derek P., additional, Chaudhary, Chhaya, additional, Rillo, Marina C., additional, Doi, Hideyuki, additional, Dong, Yun-wei, additional, Cronin, Thomas M., additional, Saupe, Erin E., additional, Lotze, Heike K., additional, Johnson, Kenneth G., additional, Renema, Willem, additional, Pandolfi, John M., additional, Harzhauser, Mathias, additional, Jackson, Jeremy B. C., additional, and Hong, Yuanyuan, additional

Published
2022
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11. Spatially Heterogeneous Responses of Planktonic Foraminiferal Assemblages Over 700,000 Years of Climate Change.

Author

Mathes, Gregor H., Reddin, Carl J., Kiessling, Wolfgang, Antell, Gawain S., Saupe, Erin E., and Steinbauer, Manuel J.

Subjects
GLOBAL temperature changes, GENERAL circulation model, GLOBAL warming, CLIMATE change, PALEOBIOLOGY
Abstract

Aim: To determine the degree to which assemblages of planktonic foraminifera track thermal conditions. Location: The world's oceans. Time Period: The last 700,000 years of glacial–interglacial cycles. Major Taxa Studied: Planktonic foraminifera. Methods: We investigate assemblage dynamics in planktonic foraminifera in response to temperature changes using a global dataset of Quaternary planktonic foraminifera, together with a coupled Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) at 8000‐year resolution. We use 'thermal deviance' to assess assemblage responses to climate change, defined as the difference between the temperature at a given location and the bio‐indicated temperature (i.e., the abundance‐weighted average of estimated temperature optima for the species present). Results: Assemblages generally tracked annual mean temperature changes through compositional turnover, but thermal deviances are evident under certain conditions. The coldest‐adapted species persisted in polar regions during warming but were not joined by additional immigrants, resulting in minimal assemblage turnover. The warmest‐adapted species persisted in equatorial regions during cooling with similarly minimal assemblage change. Assemblages at mid‐latitudes mostly tracked temperature cooling and warming. Main Conclusions: Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages were generally able to track or endure temperature changes: as climate warmed or cooled, bio‐indicated temperature also became warmer or cooler, although to a variable degree. At polar sites under warming and at equatorial sites under cooling, the change in bio‐indicated temperature was less than, or even opposite to, what would be expected from estimated environmental change. Nevertheless, all studied species persisted across the study interval, regardless of thermal deviance—a result that highlights the resilience and inertia of planktonic foraminifera on an assemblage level to the last 700,000 years of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Macroevolution

Author

Saupe, Erin E., Myers, Corinne E., Müller, Gerd B., Section editor, Nuño de la Rosa, Laura, Section editor, Nuño de la Rosa, Laura, editor, and Müller, Gerd B., editor

Published
2021
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29. A Mesoarchean shift in uranium isotope systematics

Author

Wang, Xiangli, Planavsky, Noah J., Hofmann, Axel, Saupe, Erin E., De Corte, Brian P., Philippot, Pascal, LaLonde, Stefan V., Jemison, Noah E., Zou, Huijuan, Ossa, Frantz Ossa, Rybacki, Kyle, Alfimova, Nadezhda, Larson, Matthew J., Tsikos, Harilaos, Fralick, Philip W., Johnson, Thomas M., Knudsen, Andrew C., Reinhard, Christopher T., and Konhauser, Kurt O.

Published
2018
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34. BioDeepTime: A database of biodiversity time series for modern and fossil assemblages

Author

Smith, Jansen, primary, Rillo, Marina C., additional, Kocsis, Ádám T., additional, Dornelas, Maria, additional, Fastovich, David, additional, Huang, Huai‐Hsuan M., additional, Jonkers, Lukas, additional, Kiessling, Wolfgang, additional, Li, Qijian, additional, Liow, Lee Hsiang, additional, Margulis‐Ohnuma, Miranda, additional, Meyers, Stephen, additional, Na, Lin, additional, Penny, Amelia M., additional, Pippenger, Kate, additional, Renaudie, Johan, additional, Saupe, Erin E., additional, Steinbauer, Manuel J., additional, Sugawara, Mauro, additional, Tomašovỳch, Adam, additional, Williams, John W., additional, Yasuhara, Moriaki, additional, Finnegan, Seth, additional, and Hull, Pincelli M., additional

Published
2023
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35. Amber and the Cretaceous Resinous Interval

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gobierno de Cantabria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Geographic Society, German Research Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Delclòs, Xavier, Peñalver Mollá, Enrique, Barrón López, Eduardo, Peris, David, Grimaldi, David A., Holz, Michael, Labandeira, Conrad C., Saupe, Erin E., Scotese, Christopher R., Solórzano Kraemer, Mónica M., Álvarez Parra, Sergio, Arillo Aranda, Antonio Gabriel, Azar, Dany, Cadena, Edwin A., Dal Corso, Jacopo, Kvacek, Jirí, Monleón-Getino, Antonio, Nel, André, Peyrot, Daniel, Bueno Cebollada, Carlos, Gallardo, Alejandro, González-Fernández, Beatriz, Goula,. Marta, Jaramillo, Carlos, Kania-Kłosok, Iwona, López-Del Valle, Rafael, Lozano Fernández, Rafael Pablo, Meléndez, Nieves, Menor-Salván, César, Peña-Kairath, Constanza, Perrichot, Vincent, Rodrigo Sanz, Ana, Sánchez-García, Alba, Santer, Maxime, Sarto i Monteys, Víctor, Uhl, Dieter, Viejo, José Luis, Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gobierno de Cantabria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Geographic Society, German Research Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Delclòs, Xavier, Peñalver Mollá, Enrique, Barrón López, Eduardo, Peris, David, Grimaldi, David A., Holz, Michael, Labandeira, Conrad C., Saupe, Erin E., Scotese, Christopher R., Solórzano Kraemer, Mónica M., Álvarez Parra, Sergio, Arillo Aranda, Antonio Gabriel, Azar, Dany, Cadena, Edwin A., Dal Corso, Jacopo, Kvacek, Jirí, Monleón-Getino, Antonio, Nel, André, Peyrot, Daniel, Bueno Cebollada, Carlos, Gallardo, Alejandro, González-Fernández, Beatriz, Goula,. Marta, Jaramillo, Carlos, Kania-Kłosok, Iwona, López-Del Valle, Rafael, Lozano Fernández, Rafael Pablo, Meléndez, Nieves, Menor-Salván, César, Peña-Kairath, Constanza, Perrichot, Vincent, Rodrigo Sanz, Ana, Sánchez-García, Alba, Santer, Maxime, Sarto i Monteys, Víctor, Uhl, Dieter, Viejo, José Luis, and Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo

Abstract

Amber is fossilized resin that preserves biological remains in exceptional detail, study of which has revolutionized understanding of past terrestrial organisms and habitats from the Early Cretaceous to the present day. Cretaceous amber outcrops are more abundant in the Northern Hemisphere and during an interval of about 54 million years, from the Barremian to the Campanian. The extensive resin production that generated this remarkable amber record may be attributed to the biology of coniferous resin producers, the growth of resiniferous forests in proximity to transitional sedimentary environments, and the dynamics of climate during the Cretaceous. Here we discuss the set of interrelated abiotic and biotic factors potentially involved in resin production during that time. We name this period of mass resin production by conifers during the late Mesozoic, fundamental as an archive of terrestrial life, the `Cretaceous Resinous Interval (CREI).

Published
2023

40. Supplement to Estimating spatial variation in origination and extinction in deep time: a case study using the Permian–Triassic marine invertebrate fossil record

Author

Allen, Bethany J., Clapham, Matthew E., Saupe, Erin E., Wignall, Paul B., Hill, Daniel J., and Dunhill, Alexander M.

Subjects
diversification, palaeontology, extinction
Abstract

Thisrepository contains the supplementary information for: Allen BJ, Clapham ME, Saupe EE, Wignall PB, Hill DJ, Dunhill AM.2023.Estimating spatial variation in origination and extinction in deep time: a case study using the Permian–Triassic marine invertebrate fossil record. Paleobiology. Description of files This repository contains the supplementary figures and tables associated with the paper, in pdf format. This repository also contains all of the R code and files used in the paper: Evol rate simulation.R - the code that runs the first simulation (without extinction selectivity, with spatial bins) Plot simulation results.R - code for evaluating and plotting the outputs of the first simulation Statistical tests.R - the statistical tests used to evaluate simulation performance Selectivity simulation.R - the code that runs the second simulation (with extinction selectivity) Wrangle occurrences.R - code for cleaning the PBDB occurrence dataset Rotating palaeo-occurrences.R - code for pre- and post-processing the occurrences for spatial rotation with GPlates Sampling through space-time.R - code for generating summary statistics from the occurrence data Latitudinal rates from fossils.R - applying the metrics to the occurrence data PT_marine_inverts.csv - uncleaned PBDB occurrence dataset Permian-Triassic marine invertebrate dataset Occurrences of marine invertebrates from the Permian and Triassic downloaded from the Paleobiology Database on 10.03.21 using the following URL: http://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.csv?datainfo&rowcount&base_name=Brachiopoda,%20Bivalvia,%20Ammonoidea,%20Gastropoda&taxon_reso=genus&idqual=genus_certain&interval=Artinskian,Norian&private&show=full,entname The data follows the standard format of Paleobiology Database downloads, described at https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/. This data is available under a CC-0International Licence. An up-to-date version of the dataset can be downloaded using the above URL, or accessed through https://paleobiodb.org/.

Published
2022
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43. The 'Tully monster' is a vertebrate

Author

McCoy, Victoria E., Saupe, Erin E., Lamsdell, James C., Tarhan, Lidya G., McMahon, Sean, Lidgard, Scott, Mayer, Paul, Whalen, Christopher D., Soriano, Carmen, Finney, Lydia, Vogt, Stefan, Clark, Elizabeth G., Anderson, Ross P., Petermann, Holger, Locatelli, Emma R., and Briggs, Derek E.G.

Subjects
Animals, Fossil -- Identification and classification, Paleontology -- Methods, Fossils -- Identification and classification, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Problematic fossils, extinct taxa of enigmatic morphology that cannot be assigned to a known major group, were once a major issue in palaeontology. A long-favoured solution to the 'problem of the problematica' (1), particularly the 'weird wonders' (2) of the Cambrian Burgess Shale, was to consider them representatives of extinct phyla. A combination of new evidence and modern approaches to phylogenetic analysis has now resolved the affinities of most of these forms. Perhaps the most notable exception is Tullimonstrum gregarium (3), popularly known as the Tully monster, a large soft-bodied organism from the late Carboniferous Mazon Creek biota (approximately 309-307 million years ago) of Illinois, USA, which was designated the official state fossil of Illinois in 1989. Its phylogenetic position has remained uncertain and it has been compared with nemerteans (4,5), polychaetes (4), gastropods (4), conodonts (6), and the stem arthropod Opabinia (4). Here we review the morphology of Tullimonstrum based on an analysis of more than 1,200 specimens. We find that the anterior proboscis ends in a buccal apparatus containing teeth, the eyes project laterally on a long rigid bar, and the elongate segmented body bears a caudal fin with dorsal and ventral lobes (3-6). We describe new evidence for a notochord, cartilaginous arcualia, gill pouches, articulations within the proboscis, and multiple tooth rows adjacent to the mouth. This combination of characters, supported by phylogenetic analysis, identifies Tullimonstrum as a vertebrate, and places it on the stem lineage to lampreys (Petromyzontida). In addition to increasing the known morphological disparity of extinct lampreys (7-9), a chordate affinity for T. gregarium resolves the nature of a soft-bodied fossil which has been debated for more than 50 years., Since T. gregarium was originally described as a representative of an extinct phylum (3,5), there have been only two attempts using extensive additional specimens to resolve its affinity (4,6). These [...]

Published
2016

44. ENM2020 : A free online course and set of resources on modeling species niches and distributions

Author

Peterson, A. Townsend, Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E., Amatulli, Giuseppe, Anderson, Robert P., Cobos, Marlon E., Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre F., Escobar, Luis E., Feng, Xiao, Franklin, Janet, Gadelha, Luiz M. R., Jr., Georges, D., Gueguen, M., Gueta, Tomer, Ingenloff, Kate, Jarvie, Scott, Jimenez, Laura, Karger, Dirk N., Kass, Jamie M., Kearney, Michael R., Loyola, Rafael, Machado-Stredel, Fernando, Martinez-Meyer, Enrique, Merow, Cory, Mondelli, Maria Luiza, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Muscarella, Robert, Myers, Corinne E., Naimi, Babak, Noesgaard, Daniel, Ondo, Ian, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Owens, Hannah L., Pearson, Richard, Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E., Sanchez-Tapia, Andrea, Saupe, Erin E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Varela, Sara, Warren, Dan L., Wieczorek, John, Yates, Katherine, Zhu, Gengping, Zuquim, Gabriela, Zurell, Damaris, Peterson, A. Townsend, Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E., Amatulli, Giuseppe, Anderson, Robert P., Cobos, Marlon E., Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre F., Escobar, Luis E., Feng, Xiao, Franklin, Janet, Gadelha, Luiz M. R., Jr., Georges, D., Gueguen, M., Gueta, Tomer, Ingenloff, Kate, Jarvie, Scott, Jimenez, Laura, Karger, Dirk N., Kass, Jamie M., Kearney, Michael R., Loyola, Rafael, Machado-Stredel, Fernando, Martinez-Meyer, Enrique, Merow, Cory, Mondelli, Maria Luiza, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Muscarella, Robert, Myers, Corinne E., Naimi, Babak, Noesgaard, Daniel, Ondo, Ian, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Owens, Hannah L., Pearson, Richard, Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E., Sanchez-Tapia, Andrea, Saupe, Erin E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Varela, Sara, Warren, Dan L., Wieczorek, John, Yates, Katherine, Zhu, Gengping, Zuquim, Gabriela, and Zurell, Damaris

Abstract

The field of distributional ecology has seen considerable recent attention, particularly surrounding the theory, protocols, and tools for Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) or Species Distribution Modeling (SDM). Such analyses have grown steadily over the past two decades-including a maturation of relevant theory and key concepts-but methodological consensus has yet to be reached. In response, and following an online course taught in Spanish in 2018, we designed a comprehensive English-language course covering much of the underlying theory and methods currently applied in this broad field. Here, we summarize that course, ENM2020, and provide links by which resources produced for it can be accessed into the future. ENM2020 lasted 43 weeks, with presentations from 52 instructors, who engaged with >2500 participants globally through >14,000 hours of viewing and >90,000 views of instructional video and question-and-answer sessions. Each major topic was introduced by an "Overview" talk, followed by more detailed lectures on subtopics. The hierarchical and modular format of the course permits updates, corrections, or alternative viewpoints, and generally facilitates revision and reuse, including the use of only the Overview lectures for introductory courses. All course materials are free and openly accessible (CC-BY license) to ensure these resources remain available to all interested in distributional ecology.

Published
2022
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45. ENM2020: A FREE ONLINE COURSE AND SET OF RESOURCES ON MODELING SPECIES NICHES AND DISTRIBUTIONS

Author

Peterson, A Townsend, Peterson, A Townsend, Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E, Amatulli, Giuseppe, Anderson, Robert P, Cobos, Marlon E, Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre F, Escobar, Luis E, Feng, Xiao, Franklin, Janet, Gadelha, Luiz MR Jr, Georges, D, Gueguen, M, Gueta, Tomer, Ingenloff, Kate, Jarvie, Scott, Jimenez, Laura, Karger, Dirk N, Kass, Jamie M, Kearney, Michael R, Loyola, Rafael, Machado-Stredel, Fernando, Martinez-Meyer, Enrique, Merow, Cory, Mondelli, Maria Luiza, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Muscarella, Robert, Myers, Corinne E, Naimi, Babak, Noesgaard, Daniel, Ondo, Ian, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Owens, Hannah L, Pearson, Richard, Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E, Sanchez-Tapia, Andrea, Saupe, Erin E, Thuiller, Wilfried, Varela, Sara, Warren, Dan L, Wieczorek, John, Yates, Katherine, Zhu, Gengping, Zuquim, Gabriela, Zurell, Damaris, Peterson, A Townsend, Peterson, A Townsend, Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E, Amatulli, Giuseppe, Anderson, Robert P, Cobos, Marlon E, Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre F, Escobar, Luis E, Feng, Xiao, Franklin, Janet, Gadelha, Luiz MR Jr, Georges, D, Gueguen, M, Gueta, Tomer, Ingenloff, Kate, Jarvie, Scott, Jimenez, Laura, Karger, Dirk N, Kass, Jamie M, Kearney, Michael R, Loyola, Rafael, Machado-Stredel, Fernando, Martinez-Meyer, Enrique, Merow, Cory, Mondelli, Maria Luiza, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Muscarella, Robert, Myers, Corinne E, Naimi, Babak, Noesgaard, Daniel, Ondo, Ian, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Owens, Hannah L, Pearson, Richard, Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E, Sanchez-Tapia, Andrea, Saupe, Erin E, Thuiller, Wilfried, Varela, Sara, Warren, Dan L, Wieczorek, John, Yates, Katherine, Zhu, Gengping, Zuquim, Gabriela, and Zurell, Damaris

Abstract

The field of distributional ecology has seen considerable recent attention, particularly surrounding the theory, protocols, and tools for Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) or Species Distribution Modeling (SDM). Such analyses have grown steadily over the past two decades—including a maturation of relevant theory and key concepts—but methodological consensus has yet to be reached. In response, and following an online course taught in Spanish in 2018, we designed a comprehensive English-language course covering much of the underlying theory and methods currently applied in this broad field. Here, we summarize that course, ENM2020, and provide links by which resources produced for it can be accessed into the future. ENM2020 lasted 43 weeks, with presentations from 52 instructors, who engaged with >2500 participants globally through >14,000 hours of viewing and >90,000 views of instructional video and question-and-answer sessions. Each major topic was introduced by an “Overview” talk, followed by more detailed lectures on subtopics. The hierarchical and modular format of the course permits updates, corrections, or alternative viewpoints, and generally facilitates revision and reuse, including the use of only the Overview lectures for introductory courses. All course materials are free and openly accessible (CC-BY license) to ensure these resources remain available to all interested in distributional ecology.

Published
2022

46. ENM2020:A FREE ONLINE COURSE AND SET OF RESOURCES ON MODELING SPECIES NICHES AND DISTRIBUTIONS

Author

Peterson, A. Townsend, Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E., Amatulli, Giuseppe, Anderson, Robert P., Cobos, Marlon E., Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre F., Escobar, Luis E., Feng, Xiao, Franklin, Janet, Gadelha, Luiz M. R., Georges, D., Guéguen, M., Gueta, Tomer, Ingenloff, Kate, Jarvie, Scott, Jimenez, Laura, Karger, Dirk N., Kass, Jamie M., Kearney, Michael R., Loyola, Rafael, Machado-Stredel, Fernando, Martinez-Meyer, Enrique, Merow, Cory, Mondelli, Maria Luiza, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Muscarella, Robert, Myers, Corinne E., Naimi, Babak, Noesgaard, Daniel, Ondo, Ian, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Owens, Hannah L., Pearson, Richard, Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E., Sánchez-Tapia, Andrea, Saupe, Erin E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Varela, Sara, Warren, Dan L., Wieczorek, John, Yates, Katherine, Zhu, Gengping, Zuquim, Gabriela, Zurell, Damaris, Peterson, A. Townsend, Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E., Amatulli, Giuseppe, Anderson, Robert P., Cobos, Marlon E., Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre F., Escobar, Luis E., Feng, Xiao, Franklin, Janet, Gadelha, Luiz M. R., Georges, D., Guéguen, M., Gueta, Tomer, Ingenloff, Kate, Jarvie, Scott, Jimenez, Laura, Karger, Dirk N., Kass, Jamie M., Kearney, Michael R., Loyola, Rafael, Machado-Stredel, Fernando, Martinez-Meyer, Enrique, Merow, Cory, Mondelli, Maria Luiza, Mortara, Sara Ribeiro, Muscarella, Robert, Myers, Corinne E., Naimi, Babak, Noesgaard, Daniel, Ondo, Ian, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Owens, Hannah L., Pearson, Richard, Pinilla-Buitrago, Gonzalo E., Sánchez-Tapia, Andrea, Saupe, Erin E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Varela, Sara, Warren, Dan L., Wieczorek, John, Yates, Katherine, Zhu, Gengping, Zuquim, Gabriela, and Zurell, Damaris

Abstract

The field of distributional ecology has seen considerable recent attention, particularly surrounding the theory, protocols, and tools for Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) or Species Distribution Modeling (SDM). Such analyses have grown steadily over the past two decades-including a maturation of relevant theory and key concepts-but methodological consensus has yet to be reached. In response, and following an online course taught in Spanish in 2018, we designed a comprehensive English-language course covering much of the underlying theory and methods currently applied in this broad field. Here, we summarize that course, ENM2020, and provide links by which resources produced for it can be accessed into the future. ENM2020 lasted 43 weeks, with presentations from 52 instructors, who engaged with >2500 participants globally through >14,000 hours of viewing and >90,000 views of instructional video and question-and-answer sessions. Each major topic was introduced by an "Overview" talk, followed by more detailed lectures on subtopics. The hierarchical and modular format of the course permits updates, corrections, or alternative viewpoints, and generally facilitates revision and reuse, including the use of only the Overview lectures for introductory courses. All course materials are free and openly accessible (CC-BY license) to ensure these resources remain available to all interested in distributional ecology.

Published
2022

47. Hotspots of Cenozoic Tropical Marine Biodiversity

Author

Hawkins, S. J., Yasuhara, Moriaki, Huang, Huai-Hsuan May, Reuter, Markus, Tian, Skye Yunshu, Cybulski, Jonathan D., O'Dea, Aaron, Mamo, Briony L., Cotton, Laura J., Martino, Emanuela di, Feng, Ran, Tabor, Clay R., Reygondeau, Gabriel, Zhao, Qianshuo, Warne, Mark T., Aye, Kyawt K. T., Zhang, Jingwen, Chao, Anne, Wei, Chih-Lin, Condamine, Fabien L, Kocsis, Adam T., Kiessling, Wolfgang, Costello, Mark J., Tittensor, Derek R., Chaudhary, Chhaya, Rillo, Marina C., Doi, Hideyuki, Dong, Yun-Wei, Cronin, Thomas M., Saupe, Erin E., Lotze, Heike K., Johnson, Kenneth G., Renema, Willem, Pandolfi, John M., Harzhauser, Mathias, Jackson, Jeremy B. C., Hong, Yuanyuan, Hawkins, S. J., Yasuhara, Moriaki, Huang, Huai-Hsuan May, Reuter, Markus, Tian, Skye Yunshu, Cybulski, Jonathan D., O'Dea, Aaron, Mamo, Briony L., Cotton, Laura J., Martino, Emanuela di, Feng, Ran, Tabor, Clay R., Reygondeau, Gabriel, Zhao, Qianshuo, Warne, Mark T., Aye, Kyawt K. T., Zhang, Jingwen, Chao, Anne, Wei, Chih-Lin, Condamine, Fabien L, Kocsis, Adam T., Kiessling, Wolfgang, Costello, Mark J., Tittensor, Derek R., Chaudhary, Chhaya, Rillo, Marina C., Doi, Hideyuki, Dong, Yun-Wei, Cronin, Thomas M., Saupe, Erin E., Lotze, Heike K., Johnson, Kenneth G., Renema, Willem, Pandolfi, John M., Harzhauser, Mathias, Jackson, Jeremy B. C., and Hong, Yuanyuan

Abstract

Hotspots of tropical marine biodiversity are areas that harbour disproportionately large numbers of species compared to surrounding regions. The richness and location of these hotspots have changed throughout the Cenozoic. Here, we review the global dynamics of Cenozoic tropical marine biodiversity hotspots, including the four major hotspots of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA), western Tethys (present Mediterranean), Arabian Sea and Caribbean Sea. Our review supports the 'Hopping Hotspots' model, which proposes that the locations of peak biodiversity are related to Tethyan faunai elements and track broad-scale shallow-marine habitats and high coastal complexity created by the collision of tectonic plates. A null hypothesis is the 'Whack-A-Mole' model, which proposes that hotspots occur in habitats suitable for high diversity regardless of taxonomie identity or faunai elements. Earlier 'Centre-of theories (e.g. centres of origin with diversity decreasing with distance from supposed areas of exceptionally high rates of speciation, for which easy connection to adjacent regions to the east and west is important) were based on the analysis of recent biotas with no palaeontological foundation, and may better explain diversity dynamics within a hotspot rather than those between hotspots. More recently, however, human disturbance is massively disrupting these natural patterns.

Published
2022

48. Cretaceous African life captured in amber

Author

Schmidt, Alexander R., Perrichot, Vincent, Svojtka, Matthias, Anderson, Ken B., Belete, Kebede H., Bussert, Robert, Dörfelt, Heinrich, Jancke, Saskia, Mohr, Barbara, Mohrmann, Eva, Nascimbene, Paul C., Nel, André, Nel, Patricia, Ragazzi, Eugenio, Roghi, Guido, Saupe, Erin E., Schmidt, Kerstin, Schneider, Harald, Selden, Paul A., Vávra, Norbert, and Dilcher, David L.

Published
2010

Catalog

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