833 results on '"Saunders, P. R."'
Search Results
2. The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses
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Faber, Benjamin G, Frysz, Monika, Boer, Cindy G, Evans, Daniel S, Ebsim, Raja, Flynn, Kaitlyn A, Lundberg, Mischa, Southam, Lorraine, Hartley, April, Saunders, Fiona R, Lindner, Claudia, Gregory, Jennifer S, Aspden, Richard M, Lane, Nancy E, Harvey, Nicholas C, Evans, David M, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Davey Smith, George, Cootes, Timothy, Van Meurs, Joyce, Kemp, John P, and Tobias, Jonathan H
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Arthritis ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Aging ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Musculoskeletal ,Cartilage ,Genome-wide association study ,Mendelian randomisation ,Osteoarthritis ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology - Abstract
BackgroundHip minimum joint space width (mJSW) provides a proxy for cartilage thickness. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mJSW to (i) identify new genetic determinants of mJSW and (ii) identify which mJSW loci convey hip osteoarthritis (HOA) risk and would therefore be of therapeutic interest.MethodsGWAS meta-analysis of hip mJSW derived from plain X-rays and DXA was performed, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and ancestry principal components. Mendelian randomisation (MR) and cluster analyses were used to examine causal effect of mJSW on HOA.Findings50,745 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. 42 SNPs, which mapped to 39 loci, were identified. Mendelian randomisation (MR) revealed little evidence of a causal effect of mJSW on HOA (ORIVW 0.98 [95% CI 0.82-1.18]). However, MR-Clust analysis suggested the null MR estimates reflected the net effect of two distinct causal mechanisms cancelling each other out, one of which was protective, whereas the other increased HOA susceptibility. For the latter mechanism, all loci were positively associated with height, suggesting mechanisms leading to greater height and mJSW increase the risk of HOA in later life.InterpretationsOne group of mJSW loci reduce HOA risk via increased mJSW, suggesting possible utility as targets for chondroprotective therapies. The second group of mJSW loci increased HOA risk, despite increasing mJSW, but were also positively related to height, suggesting they contribute to HOA risk via a growth-related mechanism.FundingPrimarily funded by the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust.
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- 2023
3. Newborn readmissions and virtual primary care delivery: a population-based case-control study
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Cohen, Eyal, Stukel, Therese A., Wang, Xuesong, Altaf, Azmina, Kopec, Monica, Davidov, Ori, Raveendran, Tharani, and Saunders, Natasha R.
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- 2024
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4. The effectiveness, implementation, and experiences of peer support approaches for mental health: a systematic umbrella review
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Cooper, Ruth E., Saunders, Katherine R. K., Greenburgh, Anna, Shah, Prisha, Appleton, Rebecca, Machin, Karen, Jeynes, Tamar, Barnett, Phoebe, Allan, Sophie M., Griffiths, Jessica, Stuart, Ruth, Mitchell, Lizzie, Chipp, Beverley, Jeffreys, Stephen, Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor, Simpson, Alan, and Johnson, Sonia
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- 2024
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5. Entry of cannabidiol into the fetal, postnatal and adult rat brain
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Fitzpatrick, Georgia, Huang, Yifan, Qiu, Fiona, Habgood, Mark D., Medcalf, Robert L., Ho, Heidi, Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M., and Saunders, Norman R.
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- 2024
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6. Past-year intimate partner violence perpetration among people with and without depression: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-mediation analysis
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Saunders, Katherine R. K., Landau, Sabine, Howard, Louise M., Fisher, Helen L., Arseneault, Louise, McLeod, Geraldine F. H., and Oram, Sian
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- 2023
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7. A comprehensive review of the effects of roads on salamanders
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Ochs, Alison E., Swihart, Robert K., and Saunders, Mike R.
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- 2024
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8. Heard, Respected, and Valued: Leadership Dispositions and Practices during the Return to School Following Suspension for Black Girls
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Saunders, Natasha R.
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There is much left uncovered regarding how schools can meet the needs of Black girls when returning to school from suspension. An opportunity remains to identify best practices for Black girls as they reenter school following out-of-school suspension as studies suggest that they have specific needs in public education spaces (Hill-Collins, 2000; Mitra et al., 2014; Morris, 2012; Morris 2015). What is known from qualitative studies is that culturally responsive practices have a positive impact on school connectedness and student achievement for Black students (Archard, 2012; Deutsch et al., 2012; Gibbs Grey & Harrison, 2020; Huff, 2019; Ricks, 2014). This study contends that in addition to culturally responsive practices, Black girls can be successful when school leaders possess culturally responsive leadership mindsets. Moreover, this study maintains that these mindsets and practices should be leveraged alongside feminist pedagogies within an understanding of organizational theory. In an effort to increase the amount of scholarship regarding leadership practices that support Black girls, this study sought to answer the following research question: What are the leadership dispositions and practices that guide school leaders' actions when Black girls return to school after suspension? The author used tree hypothetical vignettes as stimulus material to support leaders' thinking within a sixty-minute semi-structured interview. Contemporary education research has supported the use of vignettes in qualitative methodologies when participants are asked to discuss sensitive themes or personal experiences (Finch, 1987; Hughes, 1998; Torronen, 2002; de Macedo et al., 2015; Blum et al., 2019). The study's findings indicate that school leaders who support Black girls returning from suspension believe in and build supportive and affirming environments for Black girls because they understand that suspension is not the goal or only outcome of the student discipline process. The study also revealed three core practices that should be leveraged by school leaders to enact their beliefs as they support Black girls returning from suspension. These practices were: reentry conferences, restorative circles, and mentorship and affinity groups. Implications for discipline policy and leadership professional development using vignettes was also discussed. These findings and implications can be used to reimagine how schools support Black girls during reentry after suspension as well as before they become engaged in exclusionary discipline activities. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2023
9. Identification of the flavivirus conserved residues in the envelope protein hinge region for the rational design of a candidate West Nile live-attenuated vaccine
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Maloney, Bailey E., Carpio, Kassandra L., Bilyeu, Ashley N., Saunders, Danielle R. D., Park, So Lee, Pohl, Adrienne E., Ball, Natalia Costa, Raetz, Janae L., Huang, Claire Y., Higgs, Stephen, Barrett, Alan D. T., Roman-Sosa, Gleyder, Kenney, Joanie L., Vanlandingham, Dana L., and Huang, Yan-Jang S.
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- 2023
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10. A scoping review of trauma informed approaches in acute, crisis, emergency, and residential mental health care
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Saunders, Katherine R. K., McGuinness, Elizabeth, Barnett, Phoebe, Foye, Una, Sears, Jessica, Carlisle, Sophie, Allman, Felicity, Tzouvara, Vasiliki, Schlief, Merle, Vera San Juan, Norha, Stuart, Ruth, Griffiths, Jessica, Appleton, Rebecca, McCrone, Paul, Rowan Olive, Rachel, Nyikavaranda, Patrick, Jeynes, Tamar, K, T., Mitchell, Lizzie, Simpson, Alan, Johnson, Sonia, and Trevillion, Kylee
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- 2023
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11. Developmental changes in the extent of drug binding to rat plasma proteins
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Qiu, Fiona, Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M., Huang, Yifan, Habgood, Mark D., Fitzpatrick, Georgia, and Saunders, Norman R.
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- 2023
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12. Overscreening and Underscreening in Solid-Electrolyte Grain Boundary Space-Charge Layers
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Dean, Jacob M., Coles, Samuel W., Saunders, William R., McCluskey, Andrew R., Wolf, Matthew J., Walker, Alison B., and Morgan, Benjamin J.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Polycrystalline solids can exhibit material properties that differ significantly from those of equivalent single-crystal samples, in part, because of a spontaneous redistribution of mobile point defects into so-called space-charge regions adjacent to grain boundaries. The general analytical form of these space-charge regions is known only in the dilute limit, where defect-defect correlations can be neglected. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a three-dimensional Coulomb lattice gas, we show that grain-boundary space-charge regions in non-dilute solid electrolytes exhibit overscreening -- damped oscillatory space-charge profiles -- and underscreening -- decay lengths that are longer than the corresponding Debye length and that increase with increasing defect-defect interaction strength. Overscreening and underscreening are known phenomena in concentrated liquid electrolytes, and the observation of functionally analogous behaviour in solid electrolyte space-charge regions suggests that the same underlying physics drives behaviour in both classes of systems. We therefore expect theoretical approaches developed to study non-dilute liquid electrolytes to be equally applicable to future studies of solid electrolytes.
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- 2021
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13. Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Estimating Kidney Function in CKD
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Hsu, Chi-Yuan, Yang, Wei, Parikh, Rishi V, Anderson, Amanda H, Chen, Teresa K, Cohen, Debbie L, He, Jiang, Mohanty, Madhumita J, Lash, James P, Mills, Katherine T, Muiru, Anthony N, Parsa, Afshin, Saunders, Milda R, Shafi, Tariq, Townsend, Raymond R, Waikar, Sushrut S, Wang, Jianqiao, Wolf, Myles, Tan, Thida C, Feldman, Harold I, and Go, Alan S
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Prevention ,Kidney Disease ,Genetics ,Clinical Research ,Renal and urogenital ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Aged ,Algorithms ,Black People ,Creatinine ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Cystatin C ,Ethnicity ,Female ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Racial Groups ,Renal Insufficiency ,Chronic ,United States ,CRIC Study Investigators ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundThe inclusion of race in equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has become controversial. Alternative equations that can be used to achieve similar accuracy without the use of race are needed.MethodsIn a large national study involving adults with chronic kidney disease, we conducted cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from 1248 participants for whom data, including the following, had been collected: race as reported by the participant, genetic ancestry markers, and the serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and 24-hour urinary creatinine levels.ResultsUsing current formulations of GFR estimating equations, we found that in participants who identified as Black, a model that omitted race resulted in more underestimation of the GFR (median difference between measured and estimated GFR, 3.99 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17 to 5.62) and lower accuracy (percent of estimated GFR within 10% of measured GFR [P10], 31%; 95% CI, 24 to 39) than models that included race (median difference, 1.11 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, -0.29 to 2.54; P10, 42%; 95% CI, 34 to 50). The incorporation of genetic ancestry data instead of race resulted in similar estimates of the GFR (median difference, 1.33 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, -0.12 to 2.33; P10, 42%; 95% CI, 34 to 50). The inclusion of non-GFR determinants of the serum creatinine level (e.g., body-composition metrics and urinary excretion of creatinine) that differed according to race reported by the participants and genetic ancestry did not eliminate the misclassification introduced by removing race (or ancestry) from serum creatinine-based GFR estimating equations. In contrast, the incorporation of race or ancestry was not necessary to achieve similarly statistically unbiased (median difference, 0.33 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, -1.43 to 1.92) and accurate (P10, 41%; 95% CI, 34 to 49) estimates in Black participants when GFR was estimated with the use of cystatin C.ConclusionsThe use of the serum creatinine level to estimate the GFR without race (or genetic ancestry) introduced systematic misclassification that could not be eliminated even when numerous non-GFR determinants of the serum creatinine level were accounted for. The estimation of GFR with the use of cystatin C generated similar results while eliminating the negative consequences of the current race-based approaches. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others.).
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- 2021
14. Testing the isotropy of the Dark Energy Survey's extreme trans-Neptunian objects
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Bernardinelli, Pedro H., Bernstein, Gary M., Sako, Masao, Hamilton, Stephanie, Gerdes, David W., Adams, Fred C., Saunders, William R., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Brooks, D., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruendl, R. A., Honscheid, K., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Tucker, D. L., and Walker, A. R.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We test whether the population of "extreme" trans-Neptunian objects (eTNOs) detected in the Y4 Dark Energy Survey (DES) data exhibit azimuthal asymmetries which might be evidence of gravitational perturbations from an unseen super-Earth in a distant orbit. By rotating the orbits of the detected eTNOs, we construct a synthetic population which, when subject to the DES selection function, reproduces the detected distribution of eTNOs in the orbital elements $a,e,$ and $i$ as well as absolute magnitude $H$, but has uniform distributions in mean anomaly $M$, longitude of ascending node $\Omega,$ and argument of perihelion $\omega.$ We then compare the detected distributions in each of $\Omega, \omega,$ and $\varpi\equiv\Omega+\omega$ to those expected from the isotropic population, using Kuiper's variant of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The three angles are tested for each of 4 definitions of the eTNO population, choosing among $a>(150,250)$ AU and perihelion $q>(30,37)$ AU. These choices yield 3--7 eTNOs in the DES Y4 sample. Among the twelve total tests, two have the likelihood of drawing the observed angles from the isotropic population at $p<0.05.$ The 3 detections at $a>250, q>37$ AU, and the 4 detections at $a>250, q>30$ AU, have $\Omega$ distribution with $p=0.03$ of coming from the isotropic construction, but this is not strong evidence of anisotropy given the 12 different tests. The DES data taken on their own are thus consistent with azimuthal isotropy and do not require a "Planet 9" hypothesis. The limited sky coverage and object count mean, however, that the DES data by no means falsify this hypothesis., Comment: Accepted on PSJ
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- 2020
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15. Hospitalization Trajectories and Risks of ESKD and Death in Individuals With CKD
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Srivastava, Anand, Cai, Xuan, Mehta, Rupal, Lee, Jungwha, Chu, David I, Mills, Katherine T, Shafi, Tariq, Taliercio, Jonathan J, Hsu, Jesse Y, Schrauben, Sarah J, Saunders, Milda R, Diamantidis, Clarissa J, Hsu, Chi-yuan, Waikar, Sushrut S, Lash, James P, Isakova, Tamara, Investigators, CRIC Study, Appel, Lawrence J, Feldman, Harold I, Go, Alan S, He, Jiang, Nelson, Robert G, Rahman, Mahboob, Rao, Panduranga S, Shah, Vallabh O, Townsend, Raymond R, and Unruh, Mark L
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Kidney Disease ,Prevention ,Renal and urogenital ,Good Health and Well Being ,chronic kidney disease ,end-stage kidney disease ,hospital utilization ,hospitalization ,trajectory ,CRIC Study Investigators ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
IntroductionManagement of chronic kidney disease (CKD) entails high medical complexity and often results in high hospitalization burden. There are limited data on the associations of longitudinal hospital utilization patterns with adverse clinical outcomes in individuals with CKD.MethodsWe derived cumulative all-cause hospitalization trajectory groups using latent class trajectory analysis in 3012 participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study who were alive and did not reach end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) within 4 years of study entry. Cox proportional hazards models tested the associations between hospitalization trajectory groups and risks of ESKD and death prior to the onset of ESKD (ESKD-censored death).ResultsWithin 4 years of study entry, there were 5658 hospitalizations among 3012 participants. We identified 3 distinct subgroups of individuals with CKD based on cumulative all-cause hospitalization trajectories over 4 years: low-utilizer (n = 1066), intermediate-utilizer (n = 1802), and high-utilizer (n = 144). High-utilizers represented a patient population of lower socioeconomic status who had a greater prevalence of comorbid conditions and lower kidney function compared with intermediate- and low-utilizers. After the 4-year ascertainment period to form the trajectory subgroups, there were 544 ESKD events and 437 ESKD-censored deaths during a median follow-up time of 5.1 years. Compared with low-utilizers, intermediate-utilizers and high-utilizers were at 1.49-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.84) and 1.75-fold (95% CI 1.20-2.56) higher risk of ESKD in adjusted analyses, respectively. Compared with low-utilizers, intermediate-utilizers and high-utilizers were at 1.48-fold (95% CI 1.17-1.87) and 2.58-fold (95% CI 1.74-3.83) higher risk of ESKD-censored death in adjusted analyses, respectively.ConclusionsTrajectories of cumulative all-cause hospitalization identify subgroups of individuals with CKD who are at high risk of ESKD and death.
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- 2021
16. Communicating the link between climate change and extreme rain events
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King, Andrew D., Reid, Kimberley J., and Saunders, Kate R.
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- 2023
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17. Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use
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Saunders, Gretchen R. B., Wang, Xingyan, Chen, Fang, Jang, Seon-Kyeong, Liu, Mengzhen, Wang, Chen, Gao, Shuang, Jiang, Yu, Khunsriraksakul, Chachrit, Otto, Jacqueline M., Addison, Clifton, Akiyama, Masato, Albert, Christine M., Aliev, Fazil, Alonso, Alvaro, Arnett, Donna K., Ashley-Koch, Allison E., Ashrani, Aneel A., Barnes, Kathleen C., Barr, R. Graham, Bartz, Traci M., Becker, Diane M., Bielak, Lawrence F., Benjamin, Emelia J., Bis, Joshua C., Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Blangero, John, Bleecker, Eugene R., Boardman, Jason D., Boerwinkle, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Boorgula, Meher Preethi, Bowden, Donald W., Brody, Jennifer A., Cade, Brian E., Chasman, Daniel I., Chavan, Sameer, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Iona, Cho, Michael H., Choquet, Hélène, Cole, John W., Cornelis, Marilyn C., Cucca, Francesco, Curran, Joanne E., de Andrade, Mariza, Dick, Danielle M., Docherty, Anna R., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Eaton, Charles B., Ehringer, Marissa A., Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D., Silva, Lilian Fernandes, Fiorillo, Edoardo, Fornage, Myriam, Freedman, Barry I., Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Garrett, Melanie E., Gharib, Sina A., Gieger, Christian, Gillespie, Nathan, Glahn, David C., Gordon, Scott D., Gu, Charles C., Gu, Dongfeng, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Guo, Xiuqing, Haessler, Jeffrey, Hall, Michael E., Haller, Toomas, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, He, Jiang, Herd, Pamela, Hewitt, John K., Hickie, Ian, Hidalgo, Bertha, Hokanson, John E., Hopfer, Christian, Hottenga, JoukeJan, Hou, Lifang, Huang, Hongyan, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hunter, David J., Hveem, Kristian, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Hwu, Chii-Min, Iacono, William, Irvin, Marguerite R., Jee, Yon Ho, Johnson, Eric O., Joo, Yoonjung Y., Jorgenson, Eric, Justice, Anne E., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kaplan, Robert C., Kaprio, Jaakko, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Keller, Matthew C., Kelly, Tanika N., Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kraft, Peter, Krauter, Kenneth, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lasky-Su, Jessica, Lee, Wen-Jane, Lee, James J., Levy, Daniel, Li, Liming, Li, Kevin, Li, Yuqing, Lin, Kuang, Lind, Penelope A., Liu, Chunyu, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., Lutz, Sharon M., Ma, Jiantao, Mägi, Reedik, Manichaikul, Ani, Martin, Nicholas G., Mathur, Ravi, Matoba, Nana, McArdle, Patrick F., McGue, Matt, McQueen, Matthew B., Medland, Sarah E., Metspalu, Andres, Meyers, Deborah A., Millwood, Iona Y., Mitchell, Braxton D., Mohlke, Karen L., Moll, Matthew, Montasser, May E., Morrison, Alanna C., Mulas, Antonella, Nielsen, Jonas B., North, Kari E., Oelsner, Elizabeth C., Okada, Yukinori, Orrù, Valeria, Palmer, Nicholette D., Palviainen, Teemu, Pandit, Anita, Park, S. Lani, Peters, Ulrike, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polderman, Tinca J. C., Rafaels, Nicholas, Redline, Susan, Reed, Robert M., Reiner, Alex P., Rice, John P., Rich, Stephen S., Richmond, Nicole E., Roan, Carol, Rotter, Jerome I., Rueschman, Michael N., Runarsdottir, Valgerdur, Saccone, Nancy L., Schwartz, David A., Shadyab, Aladdin H., Shi, Jingchunzi, Shringarpure, Suyash S., Sicinski, Kamil, Skogholt, Anne Heidi, Smith, Jennifer A., Smith, Nicholas L., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Stallings, Michael C., Stefansson, Hreinn, Stefansson, Kari, Stitzel, Jerry A., Sun, Xiao, Syed, Moin, Tal-Singer, Ruth, Taylor, Amy E., Taylor, Kent D., Telen, Marilyn J., Thai, Khanh K., Tiwari, Hemant, Turman, Constance, Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn, Wall, Tamara L., Walters, Robin G., Weir, David R., Weiss, Scott T., White, Wendy B., Whitfield, John B., Wiggins, Kerri L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Willer, Cristen J., Winsvold, Bendik S., Xu, Huichun, Yanek, Lisa R., Yin, Jie, Young, Kristin L., Young, Kendra A., Yu, Bing, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zöllner, Sebastian, Zuccolo, Luisa, Batini, Chiara, Bergen, Andrew W., Bierut, Laura J., David, Sean P., Gagliano Taliun, Sarah A., Hancock, Dana B., Jiang, Bibo, Munafò, Marcus R., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Liu, Dajiang J., and Vrieze, Scott
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- 2022
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18. Examining How College Promise Programs Promote Student Academic and Financial Readiness. Research Report. RR-18-41
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Millett, Catherine M., Saunders, Stephanie R., and Fishstein, Daniel
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Currently college promise programs are proliferating in number at the local and state levels. Most promise programs provide financial resources beyond conventional state and federal student aid to students who live in designated places and meet local- or state-defined eligibility criteria.There is an immense variety of models and funding designs for these programs. In this study, we conducted a rigorous content analysis of the public web sites for a diverse subsample of 35 promise programs to explore how college promise programs promote student academic and financial readiness. Although our analysis made it clear that there is more to learn about promise programs, including understanding general administrative processes and program operations, we highlight several design and implementation considerations that may increase the capacity of these programs to promote equity in higher education access and success.
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- 2018
19. College Access Program Alumni Reflect on Their Experiences in the Program and Its Impact on Their Skills and College Outcomes. Research Report. ETS RR-18-06
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Millett, Catherine M., Saunders, Stephanie R., and Kevelson, Marisol J. C.
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An evaluation of the Princeton University Preparatory Program (PUPP), a college access program for low-income and high-achieving public high school students, yielded favorable findings regarding the perceptions of program alumni. PUPP Alumni Survey respondents (N =126) reported that PUPP had positively impacted their development of academic and social-emotional skills and their knowledge of college admissions and financial aid application processes and that they attended and graduated from college, including selective colleges, after completing PUPP. Some PUPP alumni believe that the program made college attendance a reality for them, while others believe PUPP enabled them to attend a more selective college than they otherwise would have. Although alumni were not immune from continued challenges, both financial and academic, during college, they tended to attribute their college enrollment and graduation successes at least in part to the personalized supports and resources PUPP provided.
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- 2018
20. The Logic Underlying a Research-Based College Access Program: Depicting the Theory of Change of the Princeton University Preparatory Program. Research Report. ETS RR-18-07
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Millett, Catherine M., Saunders, Stephanie R., and Kevelson, Marisol J. C.
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The Princeton University Preparatory Program (PUPP) is a high-touch, intensive college access program aimed at providing a multiyear college preparation experience to high-achieving, low-income students in the Princeton, New Jersey, area. This report presents the theory of change and logic model of PUPP, detailing the theoretical basis for the expectation that PUPP inputs, resources, and activities will lead to the expected program outcomes, which include that program participants gain admittance to and graduate from selective colleges and universities providing comprehensive financial aid in the form of grants and scholarships.
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- 2018
21. Trans-Neptunian objects found in the first four years of the Dark Energy Survey
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Bernardinelli, Pedro H., Bernstein, Gary M., Sako, Masao, Liu, Tongtian, Saunders, William R., Khain, Tali, Lin, Hsing Wen, Gerdes, David W., Brout, Dillon, Adams, Fred C., Belyakov, Matthew, Somasundaram, Aditya Inada, Sharma, Lakshay, Locke, Jennifer, Franson, Kyle, Becker, Juliette C., Napier, Kevin, Markwardt, Larissa, Annis, James, Abbott, T. M. C., Avila, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Castander, F. J., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Miquel, R., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E. S., Sánchez, C., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., and Zhang, Y.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a catalog of 316 trans-Neptunian bodies detected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). These objects include 245 discoveries by DES (139 not previously published) detected in $\approx 60,000$ exposures from the first four seasons of the survey ("Y4" data). The survey covers a contiguous 5000 deg$^2$ of the southern sky in the $grizY$ optical/NIR filter set, with a typical TNO in this part of the sky being targeted by $25-30$ Y4 exposures. We describe the processes for detection of transient sources and the linkage into TNO orbits, which are made challenging by the absence of the few-hour repeat observations employed by TNO-optimized surveys. We also describe the procedures for determining detection efficiencies vs. magnitude and estimating rates of false-positive linkages. This work presents all TNOs which were detected on $\ge 6$ unique nights in the Y4 data and pass a "sub-threshold confirmation" test wherein we demand the the object be detectable in a stack of the individual images in which the orbit indicates an object should be present, but was not detected. This eliminates false positives and yields TNO detections complete to $r\lesssim 23.3$ mag with virtually no dependence on orbital properties for bound TNOs at distance $30\,{\rm AU}
0.3$ mag more depth, and arcs of $>4$ years for nearly all detections., Comment: 33 pages, accepted to ApJS, table of objects found in the ancillary files - Published
- 2019
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22. A Regionalisation Approach for Rainfall based on Extremal Dependence
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Saunders, K. R., Stephenson, A. G., and Karoly, D. J.
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Statistics - Applications ,60G70, 62P12, 62G32, 62D05 - Abstract
To mitigate the risk posed by extreme rainfall events, we require statistical models that reliably capture extremes in continuous space with dependence. However, assuming a stationary dependence structure in such models is often erroneous, particularly over large geographical domains. Furthermore, there are limitations on the ability to fit existing models, such as max-stable processes, to a large number of locations. To address these modelling challenges, we present a regionalisation method that partitions stations into regions of similar extremal dependence using clustering. To demonstrate our regionalisation approach, we consider a study region of Australia and discuss the results with respect to known climate and topographic features. To visualise and evaluate the effectiveness of the partitioning, we fit max-stable models to each of the regions. This work serves as a prelude to how one might consider undertaking a project where spatial dependence is non-stationary and is modelled on a large geographical scale.
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- 2019
23. Uncovering the genetic architecture of broad antisocial behavior through a genome-wide association study meta-analysis
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Tielbeek, Jorim J., Uffelmann, Emil, Williams, Benjamin S., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Gagnon, Éloi, Mallard, Travis T., Levitt, Brandt E., Jansen, Philip R., Johansson, Ada, Sallis, Hannah M., Pistis, Giorgio, Saunders, Gretchen R. B., Allegrini, Andrea G., Rimfeld, Kaili, Konte, Bettina, Klein, Marieke, Hartmann, Annette M., Salvatore, Jessica E., Nolte, Ilja M., Demontis, Ditte, Malmberg, Anni L. K., Burt, S. Alexandra, Savage, Jeanne E., Sugden, Karen, Poulton, Richie, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Vrieze, Scott, McGue, Matt, Iacono, William G., Mota, Nina Roth, Mill, Jonathan, Viana, Joana F., Mitchell, Brittany L., Morosoli, Jose J., Andlauer, Till F. M., Ouellet-Morin, Isabelle, Tremblay, Richard E., Côté, Sylvana M., Gouin, Jean-Philippe, Brendgen, Mara R., Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Lupton, Michelle K., Martin, Nicholas G., Castelao, Enrique, Räikkönen, Katri, Eriksson, Johan G., Lahti, Jari, Hartman, Catharina A., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Snieder, Harold, Liu, Hexuan, Preisig, Martin, Whipp, Alyce, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Lu, Yi, Jern, Patrick, Rujescu, Dan, Giegling, Ina, Palviainen, Teemu, Kaprio, Jaakko, Harden, Kathryn Paige, Munafò, Marcus R., Morneau-Vaillancourt, Geneviève, Plomin, Robert, Viding, Essi, Boutwell, Brian B., Aliev, Fazil, Dick, Danielle M., Popma, Arne, Faraone, Stephen V., Børglum, Anders D., Medland, Sarah E., Franke, Barbara, Boivin, Michel, Pingault, Jean-Baptiste, Glennon, Jeffrey C., Barnes, J. C., Fisher, Simon E., Moffitt, Terrie E., Caspi, Avshalom, Polderman, Tinca J. C., and Posthuma, Danielle
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- 2022
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24. Mechanisms of Parent-Child Transmission of Tobacco and Alcohol Use with Polygenic Risk Scores: Evidence for a Genetic Nurture Effect
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Saunders, Gretchen R. B., Liu, Mengzhen, Vrieze, Scott, McGue, Matt, and Iacono, William G.
- Abstract
Parent-child similarity is a function of genetic and environmental transmission. In addition, genetic effects not transmitted to offspring may drive parental behavior, thereby affecting the rearing environment of the child. Measuring genetic proclivity directly, through polygenic risk scores (PRSs), provides a way to test for the effect of nontransmitted parental genotype, on offspring outcome, termed a "genetic nurture" effect--in other words, if and how parental genomes might affect their children through the environment. The current study used polygenic risk scores for smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and drinks per week to predict substance use in a sample of 3,008 twins, assessed prospectively from age 17-29, and their parents, from the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research. Mixed-effects models were used to test for a genetic nurture effect whereby parental PRSs predict offspring tobacco and alcohol use after statistically adjusting for offspring's own PRS. Parental smoking initiation PRS predicted offspring cigarettes per day at age 24 ([beta] = 0.103, 95% CI [0.03, 0.17]) and alcohol use at age 17 ([beta] = 0.091, 95% CI [0.04, 0.14]) independent of shared genetics. There was also a suggestive independent association between the parent PRS and offspring smoking at age 17 ([beta] = 0.096; 95% CI [0.02, 0.17]). Mediation analyses provided some evidence for environmental effects of parental smoking, alcohol use, and family socioeconomic status. These findings, and more broadly the molecular genetic method used, have implications on the identification of environmental effects on developmental outcomes such as substance use. [The article was co-written with the GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use (GSCAN).]
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- 2021
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25. Identification of Novel Loci Associated With Hip Shape: A Meta‐Analysis of Genomewide Association Studies
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Baird, Denis A, Evans, Daniel S, Kamanu, Frederick K, Gregory, Jennifer S, Saunders, Fiona R, Giuraniuc, Claudiu V, Barr, Rebecca J, Aspden, Richard M, Jenkins, Deborah, Kiel, Douglas P, Orwoll, Eric S, Cummings, Steven R, Lane, Nancy E, Mullin, Benjamin H, Williams, Frances MK, Richards, J Brent, Wilson, Scott G, Spector, Tim D, Faber, Benjamin G, Lawlor, Deborah A, Grundberg, Elin, Ohlsson, Claes, Pettersson‐Kymmer, Ulrika, Capellini, Terence D, Richard, Daniel, Beck, Thomas J, Evans, David M, Paternoster, Lavinia, Karasik, David, and Tobias, Jonathan H
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Prevention ,Genetics ,Osteoporosis ,Arthritis ,Aging ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Musculoskeletal ,Animals ,Bone Density ,Femur Head ,Genetic Loci ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Hip Fractures ,Humans ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,Longitudinal Studies ,Mice ,Osteoporotic Fractures ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,HIP SHAPE ,OSTEOARTHRITIS ,HIP FRACTURE RISK ,DXA ,GWAS ,Biological Sciences ,Engineering ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Anatomy & Morphology - Abstract
We aimed to report the first genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived hip shape, which is thought to be related to the risk of both hip osteoarthritis and hip fracture. Ten hip shape modes (HSMs) were derived by statistical shape modeling using SHAPE software, from hip DXA scans in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; adult females), TwinsUK (mixed sex), Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS; mixed), Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study (MrOS), and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF; females) (total N = 15,934). Associations were adjusted for age, sex, and ancestry. Five genomewide significant (p 0.5) were identified, which intersected with open chromatin sites as detected by ATAC-seq performed on embryonic mouse proximal femora. In conclusion, we identified eight SNPs independently associated with hip shape, most of which were associated with height and/or mapped close to endochondral bone formation genes, consistent with a contribution of processes involved in limb growth to hip shape and pathological sequelae. These findings raise the possibility that genetic studies of hip shape might help in understanding potential pathways involved in hip osteoarthritis and hip fracture. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2019
26. Trends in Mental Health Service Utilization among LGB+ College Students
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Bourdon, Jessica L., Liadis, Amelia, Tingle, Kaylin M., and Saunders, Trisha R.
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Objectives: (1) Compare service utilization among LGB+ and straight-identified students. (2) Assess rates of mental health concerns among LGB+ students only. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 675) reported on their sexual orientation, mental health conditions, and past service providers. Methods: Logistic regression was used for aim 1 and descriptive statistics for aim 2. Results: LGB+ students were more likely than straight-identified students to seek services for anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 2.051; p < 0.01) or depression (OR = 3.058; p < 0.001) and from a counselor/therapist/psychologist (OR = 2.937; p < 0.001) or their university's counseling/health services (OR = 1.933; p < 0.01). Bisexual students utilized the most services. Conclusions: Colleges must ensure that programing, outreach, and overall support for the mental health needs of their LGB+ students are being met so that this vulnerable population continues to seek services.
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- 2021
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27. Spherical hydroxyapatite nanoparticle scaffolds for reduced lead release from damaged perovskite solar cells
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Mokhtar, Muhamad Z., Altujjar, Amal, Wang, Bing, Chen, Qian, Ke, Jack Chun-Ren, Cai, Rongsheng, Zibouche, Nourdine, Spencer, Ben F., Jacobs, Janet, Thomas, Andrew G., Hall, David, Haigh, Sarah J., Lewis, David J., Curry, Richard, Islam, M. Saiful, and Saunders, Brian R.
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- 2022
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28. Age dependent contribution of entry via the CSF to the overall brain entry of small and large hydrophilic markers
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Qiu, Fiona, Huang, Yifan, Saunders, Norman R., Habgood, Mark D., and Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M.
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- 2022
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29. Long range forces in a performance portable Molecular Dynamics framework
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Saunders, William R., Grant, James, and Müller, Eike H.
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Software Engineering ,Physics - Computational Physics ,D.1.3 ,D.2.11 ,J.2 ,G.4 - Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) codes predict the fundamental properties of matter by following the trajectories of a collection of interacting model particles. To exploit diverse modern manycore hardware, efficient codes must use all available parallelism. At the same time they need to be portable and easily extendible by the domain specialist (physicist/chemist) without detailed knowledge of this hardware. To address this challenge, we recently described a new Domain Specific Language (DSL) for the development of performance portable MD codes based on a "Separation of Concerns": a Python framework automatically generates efficient parallel code for a range of target architectures. Electrostatic interactions between charged particles are important in many physical systems and often dominate the runtime. Here we discuss the inclusion of long-range interaction algorithms in our code generation framework. These algorithms require global communications and careful consideration has to be given to any impact on parallel scalability. We implemented an Ewald summation algorithm for electrostatic forces, present scaling comparisons for different system sizes and compare to the performance of existing codes. We also report on further performance optimisations delivered with OpenMP shared memory parallelism., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ParCo 2017 Parallel Computing Conference
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- 2017
30. A Domain Specific Language for Performance Portable Molecular Dynamics Algorithms
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Saunders, William R., Grant, James, and Müller, Eike H.
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Software Engineering ,Physics - Computational Physics ,D.1.3, D.2.11, J.2, G.4 - Abstract
Developers of Molecular Dynamics (MD) codes face significant challenges when adapting existing simulation packages to new hardware. In a continuously diversifying hardware landscape it becomes increasingly difficult for scientists to be experts both in their own domain (physics/chemistry/biology) and specialists in the low level parallelisation and optimisation of their codes. To address this challenge, we describe a "Separation of Concerns" approach for the development of parallel and optimised MD codes: the science specialist writes code at a high abstraction level in a domain specific language (DSL), which is then translated into efficient computer code by a scientific programmer. In a related context, an abstraction for the solution of partial differential equations with grid based methods has recently been implemented in the (Py)OP2 library. Inspired by this approach, we develop a Python code generation system for molecular dynamics simulations on different parallel architectures, including massively parallel distributed memory systems and GPUs. We demonstrate the efficiency of the auto-generated code by studying its performance and scalability on different hardware and compare it to other state-of-the-art simulation packages. With growing data volumes the extraction of physically meaningful information from the simulation becomes increasingly challenging and requires equally efficient implementations. A particular advantage of our approach is the easy expression of such analysis algorithms. We consider two popular methods for deducing the crystalline structure of a material from the local environment of each atom, show how they can be expressed in our abstraction and implement them in the code generation framework., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communications on 12 Nov 2017
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- 2017
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31. Neutral Ligand Triggered Low-Dimensional Reconstruction for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.
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Wang, Ran, Jia, Zhenyu, Spencer, Ben F., Zhao, Dawei, Thomas, Andrew G., Alkhudhari, Osama M., Lewis, David J., Cernik, Robert J., Alanazi, Ashwaq, and Saunders, Brian R.
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- 2024
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32. Impacts of Small SBA-15 Mesopores on Translation and Rotational Diffusion of Benzyl Alcohol.
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Sun, Zengran and Saunders, Steven R.
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- 2024
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33. A Clinical Prediction Score to Guide Referral of Elderly Dialysis Patients for Kidney Transplant Evaluation
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Chen, Ling-Xin, Josephson, Michelle A, Hedeker, Donald, Campbell, Kellie H, Stankus, Nicole, and Saunders, Milda R
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Epidemiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Transplantation ,Aging ,Organ Transplantation ,Kidney Disease ,Patient Safety ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Renal and urogenital ,Good Health and Well Being ,USRDS ,elderly ,kidney transplant referral ,mortality ,older adults ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
IntroductionDialysis patients aged ≥70 years derive improved life expectancy through kidney transplantation compared to their waitlisted counterparts, but guidelines are not clear about how to identify appropriate transplantation candidates. We developed a clinical prediction score to identify elderly dialysis patients with expected 5-year survival appropriate for kidney transplantation (>5 years).MethodsIncident dialysis patients in 2006-2009 aged ≥70 were identified from the United States Renal Data System database and divided into derivation and validation cohorts. Using the derivation cohort, candidate variables with a significant crude association with 5-year all-cause mortality were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to generate a scoring system. The scoring system was tested in the validation cohort and a cohort of elderly transplant recipients.ResultsCharacteristics most predictive of 5-year mortality included age >80, body mass index (BMI) 90% for the highest risk cohort (42% of the validation cohort).ConclusionThis clinical prediction score could be useful for physicians to identify potentially suitable candidates for kidney transplantation.
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- 2017
34. Protein N-Glycans in Healthy and Sclerotic Glomeruli in Diabetic Kidney Disease
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Veličković, Dušan, Shapiro, John P., Parikh, Samir V., Rovin, Brad, Toto, Robert D., Vazquez, Miguel A., Poggio, Emilio D., O'Toole, John F., Sedor, John R., Alexandrov, Theodore, Jain, Sanjay, Bitzer, Markus, Hodgin, Jeffrey, Veličković, Marija, Sharma, Kumar, Anderton, Christopher R., Adeyi, Oyedele A., Alakwaa, Fadhl, Alexandrov, Theodore, Allen, Jamie L., Alpers, Charles E., Alvear, Alison Bunio, Ambekar, Akhil, Ancheta, Joed, Anderton, Christopher R., Angus, Sophia A., Anjani, Kavya, Appelbaum, Paul S., Ardayfio, Joseph, Arora, Tanima, Ascani, Heather K., Asghari, Mahla, El-Achkar, Tarek M., Athar, Humra, Atta, Mohamed G., Aulisio, Mark P., Aw, Stephanie J., Azeloglu, Evren U., Bagne, Cathy A., Balderes, Olivia, Balis, Ulysses G.J., Barasch, Jonathan, Barisoni, Laura, Barwinska, Daria, Basta, Jeannine, Bebiak, Jack, Beck, Laurence H., Berge, Jerica M., Berglund, Ashley C., Bernard, Lauren, Berry, Brooke, Beyda, David H., Bhanushali, Jini Ashok, Bitzer, Markus, Bjornstad, Petter, Blanc, Victoria M., Blank, Kristina N., Bledsoe, Sharon B., Bogen, Steve, Bomback, Andrew S., Bonevich, Nikole, Border, Samuel, Börner, Katy, Bowen, William S., Boys, Charlotte, Bracamonte, Erika R., Bream, Peter R., Brosius, Frank C., Brown, Keith D., Budiman, Tifanny, Bueckle, Andreas, Bui, J.T., James, T., Burg, Ashley R., Burgess, Adam, Bush, Lakeshia, Bush, William S., Cai, Qi, Calixte, Marie Florence, Cameron-Wheeler, Tashas, Campbell, Kirk N, Campbell, Taneisha, Campbell, Catherine, Campos, Baltazar, Canetta, Pietro A., Cantley, Lloyd G, Caramori, M. Luiza, Carmona-Powell, Eunice, Carson, Jonas M, Chan, Lili, Chen, Sarah W, Chen, Yijiang, Cheng, Ying-Hua, Bejarano, Maria Chilo, Choe, Kisurb, Cimino, James G., Coca, Steven G., Coleman, Alyson, Colley, Madeline E., Collie, Mary M., Colona, Mia R., Commander, Clayton W., Conlon, Kristine, Conser, Ninive, Cooperman, Leslie, Corona-Villalobos, Celia P., Crawford, Dana C., Creger, Nathan, Cuevas-Rios, Yarieli, D'Agati, Vivette ., Dagher, Pierre c., de Boer, Ian H., de Caestecker, M.P, de Cos, Marina, Gonçalves, Joana P., Dekker, Matthew, Demeke, Dawit, Dighe, Ashveena L, Ding, Yanli, Djambazova, Katerina V., Donohoe, Isabel, Dowd, Frederick, Drawz, P.E., Dufresne, Martin, Dull, Rachel, Dunn, Kenneth W., Duran, Daniel Damian, Eadon, Michael T, Eddy, Sean, Elder, Michele M, Fallegger, Robin, Farrow, Melissa A, Ferkowicz, Michael, Fine, Derek M., Flanagan, Siobhan M., Fogo, Agnes B., Fox, Monica L., Frey, Renee, Froment, Anne, Gaba, Ron C., Gadegbeku, Crystal A, Gaut, Joseph P., Gehlenborg, Nils, Geraghty, Molly C, Ghag, Reetika, Gilliam, Matthew, Ginley, Brandon, Gisch, Debora, Gordon, Ronald E., Gorman, Brittney L., Greka, Anna, Grewenow, Stephanie M., Gurung, Bhupendra Kumar, Guthrie, Leah, Hacohen, Nir, Haddad, Samuel, Hall, Daniel E., Hansen, Jens, Harindhanavudhi, Tasma, Hartman, John, Hayashi, Lynda, Haydak, Jonathan, He, John Cijiang, He, Yongqun, Hedayati, S. Susan, Henderson, Dori, Henderson, Joel M, Hendricks, Allen R, Henshaw, Asari, Herlitz, Leal, Hernandez, Jeanine, Herr, Bruce W., Himmelfarb, Jonathan, Hodgin, Jeffrey B., Hoofnagle, Andrew N, Horowitz, Carol R., Hsieh, E.W.Y., Huynh, Courtney, Iyengar, Ravi, Jain, Sanjay, Janowczyk, Andrew, Jeffers, Vivian, Jefferson, Nichole M., Jennette, J Charles, Johansen, Camille, Jolly, Stacey, Jones, Christopher J., Jones, Jennifer L., Jones, Kiasha, Joyeux, Cienn N., Ju, Wenjun, Judd, Audra M., Kakade, Vijayakumar R, Kakarla, Dhatri, Kaspari, Rachel R., Kaushal, Madhurima, Keefe, Nicole, Keller, Mark S., Kelley, Sara S., Kellum, John A., Kelly, K. J., Kelly, Tanika N., Kermani, Asra, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Klett, Susan, Knight, Richard A., Knoten, Amanda, Koch, Gina, Koewler, Robert, Kretzler, Matthias, Kruse, Angela R.S., Küchenhoff, Leonie, Lake, Blue B., Lardenoije, Roy, Larson, Astrid, Larson, Brandon G, Lash, James P., Laszik, Zoltan G., Lecker, Stewart H., Lee, Simon C., Lee, Sora, Lefferts, Sean, Li, Xiang, Lienczewski, Chrysta C, Limonte, Christine P, Lucarelli, Nicholas, Lukowski, Jessica, Lutnick, Brendon, Ma, Shihong, Ma, Sisi, Madabhushi, Anant, Maikhor, Shana, Mao, Weiguang, Mariani, Laura H., Markovic, Marina, Marquez, Nicole, Marshall, Jamie L., McAdams, Meredith C, McClelland, Robyn L., McCown, Phillip J., McMahon, Gearoid Michael, McMurray, Amy, Mehl, Karla, Meliambro, Kristin, Ferreira, Ricardo Melo, Mendoza, Katherine, Menez, Steven, Menon, Rajasree, Meza, Natalie, Migas, Lukasz G., Miller, R. Tyler, Mimar, Sayat, Minor, Brittany C, Mody, Priya, Moeckel, Gilbert W., Moledina, D.G., Molina-Guzman, Jenny, Monroy-Trujillo, Jose M, Morales, Alexander, Moreno, Vanessa, Mottl, Amy K., Mukatash, Tariq, Munar, Dane, Murugan, Raghavan, Nachman, Patrick H., Nadkarni, Girish N, Naglah, Ahmed, Nair, Viji, Nam, Yunbi, Narasimhan, R., Nwanne, Gerald, O'Malley, Charles, O'Toole, John F., Toro, Fernanda Ochoa, Oliver, George (Holt), Onul, Ingrid F, Otto, Edgar A., Palevsky, Paul M., Palmer, Ellen, Pamreddy, Annapurna, Parikh, Chirag R., Parikh, Samir V, Park, Christopher, Park, Harold, Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana, Patel, Jiten, Patel, Marissa, Patlis, Boris S., Paul, Anindya S., Phuong, Jimmy, Pillai, Anil, Pinkeney, Roy, Plisiewicz, Alexa, Poggio, Emilio D, Pollack, Ari, Prasad, Pottumarthi V, Pyle, Laura, Quardokus, Ellen M., Quiroga, Arabela, Ragi, Nagarjunachary, Randhawa, Parmjeet, Randle, Teresa, Rao, Via, Rauchman, Michael, Rauwolf, Nicolas J, Reamy, Rebecca, Record, Elizabeth G., Redmond, Devona, Rennke, Helmut, Renteria, Amada, Rezaei, Kasra A, Rhodes, Rosamond, Ricardo, Ana C., Rice, Samuel, Rivera, Marcelino, Roberts, Glenda V., Rosas, R., Sylvia, E., Rose, Michael P., Rosen, Seymour, Rosenberg, Avi Z., Rosenberg, Michael S., Rosengart, Matthew R., Rovin, Brad H., Roy, Neil, Roy-Chaudhury, Prabir, Rubinsky, Melissa D., Sabo, Angela R., Saez-Rodriguez, Julio, Safadi, Sami, Samari, Imane H., Sanora, Ana Celina, Sarder, Pinaki, Sarkisova, Natalya, Sarwal, Minnie M, Saul, John, Saunders, Milda R., Schaub, Jennifer A., Schmidt, IM, Scott, Raymond, Scroggins, Aaron, Sealfon, Rachel S. G., Sedor, John R., Sendrey, Dianna, Setty, Suman, Shah, Sonya, Shariff, Saad Mohammed, Sharma, Kumar, Shaw, Melissa M., Sigdel, Tara K, Silva, Paolo S., Snyder, Jaime, Snyder, Michelle L., Spates-Harden, Kassandra, Sperati, C. John, Spraggins, Jeffrey M., Srivastava, Anand, Stashevsky, Jennifer, Steck, Becky, Stillman, Isaac E, Stutzke, Christy, Subramanian, Lalita, Sun, Jennifer K., Rajan, Sandhya Sundar, Sutton, Timothy A., Taliercio, Jonathan J, Tan, Roderick, Tanevski, Jovan, Thajudeen, Bijin, Thurman, Joshua M., Tokita, Joji, Torrealba, Jose R., Toto, Robert D, Tout, Haneen, Troyanskaya, Olga G, Tsosie, Rebecca, Turner, Jeffrey M, Tuttle, Katherine R., Ugwuowo, Ugochukwu, Upadhyay, Ashish, Valerius, M. Todd, Van de Plas, Raf, Varela, German, Vazquez, Miguel A., Velickovic, Dusan, Venkatachalam, Manjeri, Verdoes, Abraham, Verma, Ashish, Victoria-Castro, Angela M., Vijayan, Anitha, Villalobos, Alexander, Viloria, Noralinda B., Vinovskis, Carissa, Vita, Tina, Waikar, Sushrut S., Wang, Ashley R., Wang, Bangchen, Wang, Nancy, Wang, Ruikang, Wangperawong, Artit, Ward, Stephen C, Warfield, Curtis, Weins, Astrid, Wen, Natasha, Wen, Yumeng, Wilcox, Adam, Williams, James C., Williams, Kayleen, Williams, Mark E., Wilson, F. Perry, Winfree, Seth, Winters, James, Wofford, Stephanie, Wolf, Susan M., Wong, Aaron, Woodhead, Gregory, Wright, Devin M., Wright, Zach, Wright, Zoe, Wrobel, Julia, Xing, Fuyong, Xu, Alan, Yadati, Pranav, Ye, Hongping, Young, Bessie A., Yu, Guanghao, Mon-Wei Yu, Samuel, Zeinoun, Gabriel, Zeitler, Evan M., Zhang, Bo, Zhang, Guanshi, and Zhang, Yi
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- 2024
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35. Association of Post-discharge Service Types and Timing with 30-Day Readmissions, Length of Stay, and Costs
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Tak, Hyo Jung, Goldsweig, Andrew M., Wilson, Fernando A., Schram, Andrew W., Saunders, Milda R., Hawking, Michael, Gupta, Tanush, Yuan, Cindy, and Chen, Li-Wu
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- 2021
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36. A regionalisation approach for rainfall based on extremal dependence
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Saunders, K. R., Stephenson, A. G., and Karoly, D. J.
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- 2021
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37. An integrated assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on Indiana forests
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Phillips, Richard P., Brandt, Leslie, Polly, P. David, Zollner, Patrick, Saunders, Michael R., Clay, Keith, Iverson, Louis, and Fei, Songlin
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- 2020
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38. Efflux transporters in rat placenta and developing brain: transcriptomic and functional response to paracetamol
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Koehn, L. M., Huang, Y., Habgood, M. D., Nie, S., Chiou, S. Y., Banati, R. B., Dziegielewska, K. M., and Saunders, N. R.
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- 2021
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39. MAIP: a web service for predicting blood‐stage malaria inhibitors
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Bosc, Nicolas, Felix, Eloy, Arcila, Ricardo, Mendez, David, Saunders, Martin R., Green, Darren V. S., Ochoada, Jason, Shelat, Anang A., Martin, Eric J., Iyer, Preeti, Engkvist, Ola, Verras, Andreas, Duffy, James, Burrows, Jeremy, Gardner, J. Mark F., and Leach, Andrew R.
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- 2021
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40. Transfer of rhodamine-123 into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of fetal, neonatal and adult rats
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Koehn, Liam M., Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M., Habgood, Mark D., Huang, Yifan, and Saunders, Norman R.
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- 2021
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41. Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Access to High-Quality Dialysis Treatment in Chicago: Does Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition Matter?
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Lee, Haena, Caldwell, Julia T., Maene, Chieko, Cagney, Kathleen A., and Saunders, Milda R.
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- 2020
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42. Acknowledgement and Support Matter: A Brief Report on Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation at a Large, Urban University
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Bourdon, Jessica L., Saunders, Trisha R., and Hancock, Linda C.
- Abstract
Objective: To examine reporting trends of students identifying as LGBTQIA+ following changes made to the ACHA-NCHA-II survey about gender identity and sexual orientation. Methods: Data were analyzed from two sources for the purpose of triangulation: the ACHA-NCHA-II 2016 survey specific to our university and an electronic audience response survey. Participants: Primary analyses included first-year students from the ACHA-NCHA-II data (N = 158; spring 2016) and the audience response survey (N = 1,452; August 2016). Results: Five percent of students did not identify as cis-gender and 21% did not identify as straight/heterosexual. The sexual orientation trend was confirmed by the audience response survey. Conclusions: The percentage of students identifying as LGBTQIA+ increased nationally between the ACHA-NCHA-II 2014 and 2016 survey samples, a trend which was confirmed using an independent audience response survey. This information has implications for university programming and inclusivity efforts nationwide.
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- 2018
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43. Weight Management in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Dietary Approaches
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Ptomey, Lauren T., Saunders, Richard R., Saunders, Muriel, Washburn, Richard A., Mayo, Matthew S., Sullivan, Debra K., Gibson, Cheryl A., Goetz, Jeannine R., Honas, Jeff J., Willis, Erik A., Danon, Jessica C., Krebill, Ron, and Donnelly, Joseph E.
- Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is equal to or greater than the general population. Methods: Overweight/obese adults (BMI =25 kg/m2) with mild-to-moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities were randomized to an enhanced stop light diet (eSLD = SLD + portion-controlled meals, n = 78) or a conventional diet (CD, n = 72) for an 18 months trial (6 months weight loss, 12 months maintenance). Participants were asked to increase physical activity (150 min/week), self-monitor diet and physical activity and attend counselling/educational sessions during monthly home visits. Results: Weight loss (6 months) was significantly greater in the eSLD (-7.0% ± 5.0%) compared with the CD group (-3.8% ± 5.1%, p < 0.001). However, at 18 months, weight loss between groups did not differ significantly (eSLD = -6.7% ± 8.3%; CD = 6.4% ± 8.6%; p = 0.82). Conclusion: The eSLD and CD provided clinically meaningful weight loss over 18 months in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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- 2018
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44. ‘Brokering a postcolonial Malaysia: how local elites shaped the Cobbold Commission, 1961–63’
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Saunders, David R.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTSabah’s decolonization and subsequent merger with Malaysia was fraught with uncertainty. The 1962 Cobbold Commission of Enquiry in British Borneo aggravated regional tensions in Southeast Asia and sparked allegations of neo-colonialism. While Orthodox scholarship argues that the commission delivered a decisive cross-section of public opinion, fresh analysis of archival material indicates that its outcomes were compromised by logistical and functional limitations. Through recovering key local voices and disentangling commission addenda from the archive, this paper shows how the inquiry became a vehicle for local elite advancement and Anglo-Malayan geopolitical agenda, rather than transparent democratic legitimation. Furthermore, it contends that the pre-emptive (rather than post factum) nature of the inquiry laid bare its political potentiality. The inconclusiveness of its findings led many to dismiss Sabah’s public as incapable of determining its own future, prompting Britain and Malaya to push ahead with Projek Malaysia[the Malaysia plan] largely irrespective of public opinion. The subsequent push to form Malaysia contributed to deteriorating relations with neighbouring states and ushered a period of marked geopolitical instability. This paper argues, however, that a key, understudied outcome of the commission was the crystallization of local elite voices. Many elites—traditional headmen and local power brokers—claimed to speak for thousands of followers and thus utilized the commission to cement political influence in the postcolonial arena. By casting light on colonial political devices amidst the end of empire, this paper offers valuable nuance and a portable methodology for understanding a range of cognate decolonization experiences.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Interaction of Reinforcement Schedules, a Behavioral Prosthesis, and Work-Related Behavior in Adults with Mental Retardation
- Author
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Saunders, Richard R., McEntee, Julie E., and Saunders, Muriel D.
- Abstract
The effects of variable-interval (VI) and fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement for work-related behavior and an organizer for the work materials (behavioral prosthesis) were evaluated with 3 adults with severe or profound mental retardation. The participants had been recommended for study because of high rates of off-task and aberrant behavior in their daily vocational training programs. For 2 participants, VI and FR schedules resulted in the same outcome: more aberrant behavior than on-task and off-task behavior combined. The FR schedule nearly eliminated emission of aberrant and off-task behavior by the 3rd participant. Combining the behavioral prosthesis with FR reinforcement (FR+O) increased the proportion of time spent in on-task behavior by all participants under certain FR schedule parameters. Second-by-second analyses of the observation records revealed that FR schedules reduced off-task and aberrant behavior during work sequences (i.e., ratio runs), and FR+O led to a further reduction of these behaviors during postreinforcement pauses. Overall, the results show how organizer and schedule parameters can be adjusted to produce an optimized balance between productivity and reinforcement while undesirable behavior is minimized
- Published
- 2005
46. Feral Pig Management in Australia: Current Trends and Future Directions
- Author
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Bengsen, Andrew J., Gentle, Matthew N., Mitchell, James L., Pearson, Hayley E., and Saunders, Glen R.
- Subjects
control methods ,damage ,population control ,strategies ,Sus scrofa ,wild pigs - Abstract
Feral or free-ranging pigs have been a problem in Australia since the first years of European settlement, and they now occur in a wide range of habitat types throughout much of the continent. Feral pigs impact environmental, agricultural, and cultural resources, but they can also have commercial value from harvesting and recreational or subsistence hunting. It has been difficult to quantify many of the adverse impacts of feral pigs. Consequently, most management programs aim to mitigate actual, potential, or perceived impacts that have been inferred from observational studies and anecdotes, untested retroductive hypotheses, or observations generated from outside of Australia. Lethal control to reduce population density is the most common form of management, and it is often applied as a form of insurance, rather than to mitigate specific, measurable impacts. We suggest that future management programs should aim to quantify the effects of management actions on pig populations and the vulnerable resources that are the basis of real management objectives. There are important ethical and practical reasons for this approach, which should in turn enhance the efficiency and efficacy of management programs and help to ensure continued public and government support for ongoing mitigation of the feral pig problem.
- Published
- 2014
47. Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Expanded to Include Organic Mobile Phases.
- Author
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Tobias, Herbert J., Jones, Andrew, Saunders, Thomas R., and Brenna, J. Thomas
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A physics-based life prediction methodology for thermal barrier coating systems
- Author
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Busso, Esteban, Wright, L., Evans, H. E., McCartney, L. N., Saunders, S. R. J, Osgerby, S., and Nunn, J.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
A novel mechanistic approach is proposed for the prediction of the life of thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems. The life prediction methodology is based on a criterion linked directly to the dominant failure mechanism. It relies on a statistical treatment of the TBC's morphological characteristics, non-destructive stress measurements and on a continuum mechanics framework to quantify the stresses that promote the nucleation and growth of microcracks within the TBC. The last of these accounts for the effects of TBC constituents' elasto-visco-plastic properties, the stiffening of the ceramic due to sintering and the oxidation at the interface between the thermally insulating yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer and the metallic bond coat. The mechanistic approach is used to investigate the effects on TBC life of the properties and morphology of the top YSZ coating, metallic low-pressure plasma sprayed bond coat and the thermally grown oxide. Its calibration is based on TBC damage inferred from non-destructive fluorescence measurements using piezo-spectroscopy and on the numerically predicted local TBC stresses responsible for the initiation of such damage. The potential applicability of the methodology to other types of TBC coatings and thermal loading conditions is also discussed.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Suppression of Oxidative Stress by β-Hydroxybutyrate, an Endogenous Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
- Author
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Shimazu, Tadahiro, Hirschey, Matthew D, Newman, John, He, Wenjuan, Shirakawa, Kotaro, Le Moan, Natacha, Grueter, Carrie A, Lim, Hyungwook, Saunders, Laura R, Stevens, Robert D, Newgard, Christopher B, Farese, Robert V, de Cabo, Rafael, Ulrich, Scott, Akassoglou, Katerina, and Verdin, Eric
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,3-Hydroxybutyric Acid ,Acetylation ,Animals ,Caloric Restriction ,Catalase ,Fasting ,Forkhead Box Protein O3 ,Forkhead Transcription Factors ,HEK293 Cells ,Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ,Histone Deacetylases ,Histones ,Humans ,Kidney ,Lipid Peroxidation ,Metallothionein ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Oxidative Stress ,Promoter Regions ,Genetic ,RNA ,Small Interfering ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Transcription ,Genetic ,Transcriptional Activation ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Concentrations of acetyl-coenzyme A and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) affect histone acetylation and thereby couple cellular metabolic status and transcriptional regulation. We report that the ketone body d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) is an endogenous and specific inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). Administration of exogenous βOHB, or fasting or calorie restriction, two conditions associated with increased βOHB abundance, all increased global histone acetylation in mouse tissues. Inhibition of HDAC by βOHB was correlated with global changes in transcription, including that of the genes encoding oxidative stress resistance factors FOXO3A and MT2. Treatment of cells with βOHB increased histone acetylation at the Foxo3a and Mt2 promoters, and both genes were activated by selective depletion of HDAC1 and HDAC2. Consistent with increased FOXO3A and MT2 activity, treatment of mice with βOHB conferred substantial protection against oxidative stress.
- Published
- 2013
50. Resurrecting the Lost Flames of American Chestnut
- Author
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Kane, Jeffrey M., Varner, J. Morgan, and Saunders, Michael R.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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