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Abstract Background Understanding the influences on physical activity is crucial, particularly among important target groups such as adolescent girls. This study describes cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parenting style and girls’ participation in organized sport, walking/cycling trips and objectively assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods Data were collected from adolescent girls (n=222) and their parents in 2004 and again in 2006. Parents self-reported their demographic characteristics and parenting style. Girls self-reported their organized sport participation and weekly walking/cycling trips, while MVPA was assessed using accelerometers. Linear regression and interaction analyses were performed. Interactions between socio-demographic factors and parenting style with organized sport, walking/cycling trips and MVPA are presented. Results There were cross-sectional associations between authoritative (B=−0.45, p=0.042) and indulgent (B=−0.56, p=0.002) parenting and the number of walking/cycling trips, and authoritarian (B=0.27, p=0.033) parenting and frequency of organized sport. Significant interactions included those between: family status, authoritative parenting and daily (p=0.048) and week day (p=0.013) MVPA; education, indulgent parenting and MVPA on weekend days (p=0.006); and, employment, authoritarian parenting and duration and frequency of organized sport (p=0.004), highlighting the complexity of these relationships. Longitudinal analyses revealed significant decreases in organized sport and MVPA, significant increases in walking/cycling trips and no significant associations between parenting and physical activity. Conclusion Parenting styles appear to influence walking and cycling trips among adolescent girls, though not physical activity within other domains. Socio-demographic characteristics interact with the relationships between parenting and physical activity. While these findings can inform the development of family-based interventions to improve child and adolescent health, the direction of the observed associations and the number of associations approaching significance suggest the need to further explore this area.

A sample of individuals aged 5-68 years (n = 39) were examined to determine the relationship between age, the timing of the gait cycle and movement of the joints arid eyes when walking in a straight tine and turning. Timing of the gait cycle was measured by the use of electrically conductive rubber placed in the shoes, while accelerometers measured movement of the joints. Four electrodes around the eyes assessed eye movement. Stance time, swing time, stance to swing ratio and velocity of movement were unaffected by age from those aged 10-60 years walking in a straight line. Above the age of 60 years, velocity of walking was reduced. There was little difference between individuals aged 10-60 years in terms of timing and velocity of movement in turning. Movement slowed during turns in those aged over 50 years. Accelerometry and ocular data showed that individuals over the age of 40 years had a fivefold increase in movement at the knees and hips and on the head compared to the younger groups. These results seem to show that accelerometry analysis of turns is a better method of evaluating gait and looking for gait abnormalities associated with ageing than analysis of walking in a straight line. INSET: KEY POINTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase awareness of migraine diagnosis criteria among health professionals, we developed a prototype physician--patient interview video on DVD. Design methodology involved a needs assessment, two editing models (commentary interspersed vs. contiguous), and an evaluation with medical students, residents and primary care physicians. This evaluation assessed user preferences for the two editing models, and provided qualitative feedback for future development. Results established that respondents preferred the interspersed audio commentary over commentary appearing at the end of the video. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk assessment tools used to assess justice-involved women have been predominantly developed using male offenders, with validations for females having mixed results. Female-specific risk assessment tools are not well established, and validations are limited. In terms of treatment, either programmes in various jurisdictions have been developed specifically for females, or addendums are available to assist in the facilitation of programmes initially developed for male offenders. The efficacy of these has been varied with gender-responsive programmes proving to be more successful in the reduction of reoffending if justice-involved women follow a gender-specific pathway to offending than if they follow a non-gender-specific pathway. This paper discusses gender differences in offending and provides an overview of assessment and treatment of justice-involved women in Australia, the UK, New Zealand and Canada. The assessment and treatment practices for justice-involved women are viewed through an evidence-based lens, and opportunities for future development are identified., Competing Interests: Menna Gower has declared no conflicts of interest Frank Morgan has declared no conflicts of interest Julie Saunders has declared no conflicts of interest, (© 2023 The Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law.)