Search

This paper examined the effectiveness of close to school supervision in enhancing teachers’ job performance in Tanzanian public secondary schools. The study was guided by Path-Goal theory. This study adopted the qualitative approach using case study design and data were obtained from 32 informants. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion were the main data collection methods, and the data were thematically analysed. It was found that that the close to school education officers employed directive supervision in supervising schools. The strategy improved teachers’ work performance. It was also found that close to school supervision included supportive supervision and participative supervision strategies but had limited contribution in teachers’ work performance. It is concluded that directive supervision practices highly contributed to teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Tanzania. It is recommended that for teachers to improve job performance, close to school supervisors should practice supportive and participative supervision strategies accordingly.

Guru memegang peran utama dalam pembangunan pendidikan, khususnya yang di selenggarakan secara formal di sekolah. Guru juga sangat menentukan keberhasilan peserta didik, terutama dalam kaitannya dengan proses mengajar. Guru merupakan komponen yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terciptanya proses dan hasil pendidikan yang berkualitas. Oleh karena itu, upaya perbaikan apapun yang di lakukan uuntuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan tidak akan memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan tanpa di dukung oleh guru yang profesional dan berkualitas.Mutu sekolah sangat ditentukan oleh keberadaan guru yang berkualitas yang mencakup dan menekankan pada tiga kemampuan, yaitu kemampuan akademik, kemampuan keterampilan, dan kemampuan sosial moral. mutu sekolah ditentukan oleh tiga variabel, yakni kultur sekolah, proses belajar mengajar dan realitas sekolah. Kultur sekolah merupakan nilai-nilai, kebiasaan-kebiasaan,upacara, slogan, dan berbagai perilaku yang terbentuk di sekolah dan diteruskan dari satu angkatan ke angkatan berikutnya baik secara sadar maupun tidak. Oleh karena itu, upaya perbaikan apapun yang di lakukan uuntuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan tidak akan memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan tanpa di dukung oleh guru yang profesional dan berkualitas. Dengan kata lain, perbaikan kualitas pendidikan harus berpangkal dari guru, berujung pada guru pula demi tercapainya mutu pendidikan yang baik.

The behavior of shear-induced cross-correlation functions between particle fluctuations along orthogonal directions in the shear plane for harmonically trapped Brownian particles in a viscoelastic shear flow is studied. A generalized Langevin equation with a power-law-type memory kernel is used to model the complex structure of the viscoelastic media. Interaction with fluctuations of environmental parameters is modeled by a multiplicative white Gaussian noise, by an internal fractional Gaussian noise, and by an additive external white noise. It is shown that the presence of a memory has a profound effect on the behavior of the cross-correlation functions. Particularly, memory-induced reentrant sign reversals of the spatial cross-moment between orthogonal random displacements of a particle are established, i.e., an increase of the memory exponent can cause the sign reversal from positive to negative, but by a further increase of the memory exponent a reentrant transition from negative to positive values appears. Similarities and differences between the behavior of the models with additive internal and external noises are considered. It is shown that additive external and internal noises cause qualitatively different dependencies of the cross-correlation functions on the time lag. The occurrence of energetic instability due to the influence of multiplicative noise is also discussed.

This paper provides evidence on the links between efficiency and the governmental support for small-medium sized Estonian firms. The analysis is based on the Cobb-Douglas production function using micro level data. To analyse the impact of the financial support we applied a panel data framework. The estimation results confirm our main hypothesis that financial assistance increases productivity of Estonian SMEs, thus contributing the economic development.

The influence of noise-flatness on overdamped motion of Brownian particles in a 1D periodic system with a simple sawtooth potential subjected to both unbiased thermal noise and three-level telegraph noise is considered. The exact formula for the stationary probability flux (current) is presented. The phenomenon of multiple current reversals and some topological properties of the hypersurface of zero current in the parameter space of noises are investigated and illustrated by phase diagrams. The conditions for the existence of four current reversals versus the switching rate of nonequilibrium noise are given. An alternative interpretation of the results in terms of cross-correlation between two dichotomous noises is presented.

Antud magistritöö eesmärk on anda lugejale sisuline ülevaade andmeaitadest ja sellega seonduvast – terminoloogia, arhitektuur, protsessid. Oluline valdkond on andmeaida rutiinne tööprotsess – info eraldamine andmeallikatest, töötlemine ja laadimine andmeaita. Teise teemana kaetakse andmeaida arhitektuuri ja modelleerimisega seonduv. Töö praktilise osana disainitakse ja luuakse prototüüp Tartu Ülikooli Aruandlussüsteemi jaoks, mis võimaldab hakata koostama aruandeid üliõpilaste õppetulemuste kohta., This master’s thesis gives a broad overview of data warehouses and it’s terminology, architecture and processes. Another important subject is design workflow and it’s subprocesses. To give an example of theory, a prototype datamart is designed and built for Tartu University’s Reporting System to provide reports about students academic performance.

The stationary probability current and the differential mobility of overdamped Brownian particles in a tilted ratchet system subjected to a multiplicative trichotomous noise and to an additive white noise are considered. The exact formula for the probability current is derived and the dependence of the current on the system parameters is analyzed. It is established that in certain regions of the system parameters the differential mobility can be either multiply enhanced or suppressed by variations of the tilting force. Moreover, in some narrow regions of the tilting force the current as a function of noise parameters shows a resonance-like behavior versus noise kurtosis and as well as versus the noise correlation time (stochastic resonance).

This paper provides evidence on the links between efficiency and the governmental support for small-medium sized Estonian firms. The analysis is based on the Cobb-Douglas production function using micro level data. To analyse the impact of the financial support we applied a panel data framework. The estimation results confirm our main hypothesis that financial assistance increases productivity of Estonian SMEs, thus contributing the economic development.

Fixed point theorems are given for non-self maps and pairs of non-self maps defined ond-complete topological spaces.

We examine the phenomenon of stochastic resonance of a fractional oscillator that has a random mass and is subject to an external periodic force. The colored fluctuations of the oscillator mass are modeled as a dichotomous noise. The viscoelastic type friction kernel with memory is assumed as a power law function in time. An exact formula for the complex susceptibility of the oscillator is derived, and the dependence of the spectral amplification on system parameters is investigated. It is established that in certain regions of the system parameters an interplay of multiplicative noise and memory can generate a bona fide multiresonance versus the driving frequency as well as stochastic resonance vs noise parameters. Influence of the memory exponent in the resonance regimes of the oscillator is also investigated. Particularly, it is shown that the results about stochastic resonance in the model considered are significantly different from recently obtained results for fractional oscillators with fluctuating frequency and with fluctuating damping.

The temporal behavior of the mean-square displacement and the velocity autocorrelation function of a particle subjected to a periodic force in a harmonic potential well is investigated for viscoelastic media using the generalized Langevin equation. The interaction with fluctuations of environmental parameters is modeled by a multiplicative white noise, by an internal Mittag-Leffler noise with a finite memory time, and by an additive external noise. It is shown that the presence of a multiplicative noise has a profound effect on the behavior of the autocorrelation functions. Particularly, for correlation functions the model predicts a crossover between two different asymptotic power-law regimes. Moreover, a dependence of the correlation function on the frequency of the external periodic forcing occurs that gives a simple criterion to discern the multiplicative noise in future experiments. It is established that additive external and internal noises cause qualitatively different dependences of the autocorrelation functions on the external forcing and also on the time lag. The influence of the memory time of the internal noise on the dynamics of the system is also discussed.

The efficiency of energy transformation of overdamped Brownian particles in a tilted periodic sawtooth potential driven by a nonequilibrium three‐level noise and an additive thermal noise is considered analytically. All the physical results are computed by means of exact formulas. It is established that in certain parameter region the dependence of the efficiency of energy transformation on noise parameters exhibits a bell‐shaped form. Thus, in such parameters regions an increase of values of noise characteristics (temperature, noise flatness, correlation time, and noise amplitude) can facilitate conversion of noise energy into mechanical work. A connection such as resonance‐like behavior of efficiency at multiple current reversals is also discussed.

A symbiotic ecosystem with Gompertz self-regulation and with adaptive competition between populations is studied by means of a $N$-species Lotka-Volterra stochastic model. The influence of fluctuating environment on the carrying capacity of a population is modeled as a dichotomous noise. The study is a follow up of previous investigations of symbiotic ecosystems subjected to the generalized Verhulst self-regulation [Phys. Rev. E 69, 061106 (2004); 65, 051108 (2002)]. In the framework of mean-field approximation the behavior of the solutions of the self-consistency equation for a stationary system is examined analytically in the full phase space of system parameters. Depending on the mutual interplay of symbiosis and competition of species, variation of noise parameters (amplitude, correlation time) can induce doubly unidirectional discontinuous transitions as well as single unidirectional discontinuous transitions of the mean population size.

A symbiotic ecosystem is studied by means of the Lotka-Volterra stochastic model, using the generalized Verhulst self-regulation. The effect of fluctuating environment on the carrying capacity of a population is taken into account as dichotomous noise. The study is a follow-up of our investigation of symbiotic ecosystems subjected to three-level (trichotomous) noise [R. Mankin, A. Ainsaar, A. Haljas, and E. Reiter, Phys. Rev. E 65, 051108 (2002)]. Relying on the mean-field theory, an exact self-consistency equation for stationary states is derived. In some cases the mean field exhibits hysteresis as a function of noise parameters. It is established that random interactions with the environment can cause discontinuous transitions. The dependence of the critical coupling strengths on the noise parameters is found and illustrated by phase diagrams. Predictions from the mean-field theory are compared with the results of numerical simulations. Our results provide a possible scenario for catastrophic shifts of population sizes observed in nature.

Overdamped motion of Brownian particles in a 1D periodic system with a simple symmetric sawtooth potential subjected to both unbiased thermal noise and spatially nonhomogeneous three-level colored noise is considered analytically. Upon application of a tilting force the particles exhibit anomalous transport properties, namely, absolute negative mobility, negative differential mobility, and the phenomenon of hypersensitive differential response. It is established that the mobility (differential mobility included) depends nonmonotonically on the parameters (switching rate, amplitude, and temperature) of nonequilibrium and thermal noises. The necessary conditions for various anomalous transport properties are found.

A broad class of (N+1) -species ratio-dependent predator-prey stochastic models, which consist of one predator population and N prey populations, is considered. The effect of a fluctuating environment on the carrying capacities of prey populations is taken into account as colored noise. In the framework of the mean-field theory, approximate self-consistency equations for prey-populations mean density and for predator-population density are derived (to the first order in the noise variance). In some cases, the mean field exhibits Hopf bifurcations as a function of noise correlation time. The corresponding transitions are found to be reentrant, e.g., the periodic orbit appears above a critical value of the noise correlation time, but disappears again at a higher value of the noise correlation time. The nonmonotonous dependence of the critical control parameter on the noise correlation time is found, and the conditions for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcations are presented. Our results provide a possible scenario for environmental-fluctuations-induced transitions between the oscillatory regime and equilibrium state of population sizes observed in nature.